Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/5/Physical sciences/Chemistry

Vital articles are lists of subjects for which Wikipedia should have corresponding high-quality articles. It serves as a centralized watchlist to track the status of Wikipedia's most essential articles. This is one of the sub-lists of the fifty thousand article Vital articles/Level 5 and is currently under construction.

For biochemistry, see the Biology section; also see Technology for specific applications of chemistry.

Quota 1,200 articles.

Total 1,178 articles.

=Basics =

Basics: General

 * 1)  Chemistry (Level 2)
 * 2)   Alchemy (Level 4)
 * 3)  Chemical engineer
 * 4)  Chemist
 * 5)  Chemical law
 * 6)  Chemical safety
 * 7)  Dangerous goods
 * 8)  Regulation of chemicals
 * 9)  GHS
 * 10)  GHS hazard pictograms
 * 11)  NFPA 704
 * 12)  WHMIS
 * 13)  Safety data sheet
 * 14)  Wet lab

Subdisciplines

 * 1)  Analytical chemistry (Level 4)
 * 2)  Environmental chemistry (Level 4)
 * 3)  Inorganic chemistry (Level 3)
 * 4)  Organic chemistry (Level 3)
 * 5)  Food chemistry
 * 6)  Medicinal chemistry (Level 4)
 * 7)  Organometallic chemistry (Level 4)
 * 8)  Physical chemistry (Level 3)
 * 9)  Electrochemistry (Level 4)
 * 10)  Nuclear chemistry (Level 4)
 * 11)  Photochemistry (Level 4)
 * 12)  Surface science
 * 13)  Theoretical chemistry
 * 14)  Computational chemistry
 * 15)  Molecular modelling
 * 16)   Quantum chemistry (Level 4)
 * 17)  Materials science (Level 4)
 * 18)  Polymer chemistry (Level 4)
 * 19)  Solid-state chemistry

Bonding

 * 1)  Chemical bond (Level 3)
 * 2)  Electron counting
 * 3)  Octet rule
 * 4)  Covalent bond (Level 4)
 * 5)  Single bond
 * 6)  Double bond
 * 7)  Triple bond
 * 8)  Hydrogen bond (Level 4)
 * 9)  Ionic bonding (Level 4)
 * 10)  Metallic bonding (Level 4)
 * 11)  Polyatomic ion

Mixture

 * 1)  Mixture (Level 4)
 * 2)  Concentration
 * 3)  Mass concentration (chemistry)
 * 4)  Number density
 * 5)  Dispersion (chemistry) (Level 4)
 * 6)  Colloid (Level 4)
 * 7)  Aerosol (Level 4)
 * 8)  Emulsion (Level 4)
 * 9)  Foam (Level 4)
 * 10)  Gel (Level 4)
 * 11)  Sol (colloid)
 * 12)  Solution (chemistry) (Level 4)
 * 13)  Aqueous solution
 * 14)   Solid solution
 * 15)  Solubility
 * 16)  Solvation
 * 17)  Solvent
 * 18)  Tincture
 * 19)  Suspension (chemistry) (Level 4)

Nomenclature

 * 1)  Chemical nomenclature
 * 2)  Descriptor (chemistry)
 * 3)  IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
 * 4)  IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
 * 5)  Parent hydride
 * 6)  Systematic element name
 * 7)  Trivial name

Periodic table

 * 1)  Periodic table (Level 3)
 * 2)  Block (periodic table)
 * 3)  Group (periodic table)
 * 4)  Period (periodic table)
 * 5)  Atomic mass (Level 4)
 * 6)  Mass number
 * 7)  Relative atomic mass
 * 8)  Standard atomic weight
 * 9)  Atomic number (Level 4)
 * 10)  Main-group element
 * 11)  Metal (Level 3)
 * 12)  Heavy metals
 * 13)  Toxic heavy metal
 * 14)  Post-transition metal
 * 15)  Metalloid (Level 4)
 * 16)  Nonmetal
 * 17)  Periodic trends
 * 18)  Atomic radius
 * 19)  Electron affinity
 * 20)  Electronegativity
 * 21)  Ionization energy

Reaction

 * 1)  Chemical reaction (Level 3)
 * 2)  Conversion (chemistry)
 * 3)  Product (chemistry)
 * 4)  Reactivity (chemistry)
 * 5)  Reagent
 * 6)  Substrate (chemistry)
 * 7)  Yield (chemistry)
 * 8)  Catalysis (Level 3)
 * 9)  Chemical equation (Level 4)
 * 10)  Stoichiometry
 * 11)  Law of definite proportions
 * 12)  Law of multiple proportions
 * 13)  Law of reciprocal proportions
 * 14)  Chemical equilibrium (Level 4)
 * 15)  Le Chatelier's principle
 * 16)  Microscopic reversibility
 * 17)  Chemical synthesis (Level 4)

Substance

 * 1)  Chemical substance (Level 4)
 * 2)  Congener (chemistry)
 * 3)  Isomer
 * 4)  Natural product
 * 5)  Amount of substance (Level 4)
 * 6)  Avogadro constant
 * 7)  Chemical element (Level 2)
 * 8)  Allotropy (Level 4)
 * 9)  Chemical composition
 * 10)  Chemical formula (Level 4)
 * 11)  Empirical formula
 * 12)  Structural isomer
 * 13)  Tautomer
 * 14)  Structural formula
 * 15)  Cyclic compound
 * 16)  Lewis structure
 * 17)  Open-chain compound
 * 18)  Molecular model
 * 19)  Ball-and-stick model
 * 20)  Molecular graphics
 * 21)  Ribbon diagram
 * 22)  Space-filling model
 * 23)  Chemical compound (Level 3)
 * 24)  Molecule (Level 3)
 * 25)  Diatomic molecule
 * 26)  Inorganic compound (Level 4)
 * 27)  Organic compound (Level 4)

=Chemical elements =

s-Block

 * 1)  Hydrogen (Level 3)
 * 2)  Hydrogen atom
 * 3)  Isotopes of hydrogen
 * 4)  Deuterium
 * 5)  Tritium
 * 6)  Liquid hydrogen
 * 7)  Solid hydrogen
 * 8)  Helium (Level 4)
 * 9)  Helium atom
 * 10)  Isotopes of helium
 * 11)  Helium-3
 * 12)  Helium-4
 * 13)  Liquid helium
 * 14)  Superfluid helium-4

Group 1

 * 1)  Alkali metal (Level 4)
 * 2)  Lithium (Level 4)
 * 3)  Isotopes of lithium
 * 4)  Sodium (Level 4)
 * 5)  Potassium (Level 4)
 * 6)  Potassium-40
 * 7)  Rubidium (Level 4)
 * 8)  Caesium (Level 4)
 * 9)  Francium (Level 4)

Group 2

 * 1)  Alkaline earth metal (Level 4)
 * 2)  Beryllium (Level 4)
 * 3)  Isotopes of beryllium
 * 4)  Magnesium (Level 4)
 * 5)  Calcium (Level 4)
 * 6)  Strontium (Level 4)
 * 7)  Barium (Level 4)
 * 8)  Radium (Level 4)

Group 13

 * 1)  Boron group
 * 2)  Boron (Level 4)
 * 3)  Isotopes of boron
 * 4)  Aluminium (Level 3)
 * 5)  Gallium (Level 4)
 * 6)  Indium (Level 4)
 * 7)  Thallium (Level 4)
 * 8)  Nihonium

Group 14

 * 1)  Carbon group
 * 2)  Carbon (Level 3)
 * 3)  Isotopes of carbon
 * 4)  Carbon-14
 * 5)  Activated carbon
 * 6)  Allotropes of carbon
 * 7)  Buckminsterfullerene
 * 8)  Carbon nanotube (Level 4)
 * 9)  Diamond (Level 4)
 * 10)  Fullerene
 * 11)  Graphene
 * 12)  Graphite (Level 4)
 * 13)  Silicon (Level 3)
 * 14)  Germanium (Level 4)
 * 15)  Tin (Level 4)
 * 16)  Lead (Level 4)
 * 17)  Flerovium

Group 15

 * 1)  Pnictogen
 * 2)  Nitrogen (Level 3)
 * 3)  Isotopes of nitrogen
 * 4)  Liquid nitrogen
 * 5)  Phosphorus (Level 3)
 * 6)  Allotropes of phosphorus
 * 7)  Arsenic (Level 4)
 * 8)  Antimony (Level 4)
 * 9)  Bismuth (Level 4)
 * 10)  Moscovium

Group 16

 * 1)   Chalcogen
 * 2)  Oxygen (Level 3)
 * 3)  Isotopes of oxygen
 * 4)  Allotropes of oxygen
 * 5)   Ozone (Level 4)
 * 6)  Singlet oxygen
 * 7)  Triplet oxygen
 * 8)  Liquid oxygen
 * 9)  Sulfur (Level 3)
 * 10)  Allotropes of sulfur
 * 11)  Octasulfur
 * 12)  Selenium (Level 4)
 * 13)  Tellurium (Level 4)
 * 14)  Polonium (Level 4)
 * 15)  Livermorium

Group 17

 * 1)  Halogen (Level 4)
 * 2)  Fluorine (Level 4)
 * 3)  Isotopes of fluorine
 * 4)  Chlorine (Level 4)
 * 5)  Bromine (Level 4)
 * 6)  Iodine (Level 4)
 * 7)  Astatine (Level 4)
 * 8)  Tennessine

Group 18

 * 1)  Noble gas (Level 4)
 * 2)   Neon (Level 4)
 * 3)   Argon (Level 4)
 * 4)  Krypton (Level 4)
 * 5)  Xenon (Level 4)
 * 6)   Radon (Level 4)
 * 7)  Oganesson

d-Block

 * 1)  Transition metal (Level 4)
 * 2)  Base metal
 * 3)  Noble metal
 * 4)  Platinum group
 * 5)  Precious metal

Group 3

 * 1)  Group 3 element
 * 2)  Scandium (Level 4)
 * 3)  Yttrium (Level 4)
 * 4)  Lutetium (Level 4)
 * 5)  Lawrencium

Group 4

 * 1)  Group 4 element
 * 2)   Titanium (Level 4)
 * 3)  Zirconium (Level 4)
 * 4)  Hafnium (Level 4)
 * 5)  Rutherfordium

Group 5

 * 1)  Group 5 element
 * 2)  Vanadium (Level 4)
 * 3)  Niobium (Level 4)
 * 4)  Tantalum (Level 4)
 * 5)  Dubnium

Group 6

 * 1)  Group 6 element
 * 2)  Chromium (Level 4)
 * 3)  Molybdenum (Level 4)
 * 4)  Tungsten (Level 4)
 * 5)  Seaborgium

Group 7

 * 1)  Group 7 element
 * 2)   Manganese (Level 4)
 * 3)  Technetium (Level 4)
 * 4)  Technetium-99m
 * 5)  Rhenium (Level 4)
 * 6)  Bohrium

Group 8

 * 1)  Group 8 element
 * 2)  Iron (Level 3)
 * 3)  Ruthenium (Level 4)
 * 4)  Osmium (Level 4)
 * 5)  Hassium

Group 9

 * 1)  Group 9 element
 * 2)  Cobalt (Level 4)
 * 3)  Rhodium (Level 4)
 * 4)   Iridium (Level 4)
 * 5)  Meitnerium

Group 10

 * 1)  Group 10 element
 * 2)  Nickel (Level 4)
 * 3)   Palladium (Level 4)
 * 4)  Platinum (Level 4)
 * 5)  Darmstadtium

Group 11

 * 1)  Group 11 element
 * 2)  Copper (Level 3)
 * 3)   Silver (Level 3)
 * 4)  Gold (Level 3)
 * 5)  Roentgenium

Group 12

 * 1)  Group 12 element
 * 2)  Zinc (Level 4)
 * 3)  Cadmium (Level 4)
 * 4)  Mercury (element) (Level 4)
 * 5)  Copernicium

Lanthanides

 * 1)  Lanthanide (Level 4)
 * 2)  Rare-earth element
 * 3)  Lanthanum (Level 4)
 * 4)   Cerium (Level 4)
 * 5)  Praseodymium (Level 4)
 * 6)  Neodymium (Level 4)
 * 7)  Promethium (Level 4)
 * 8)  Samarium (Level 4)
 * 9)  Europium (Level 4)
 * 10)  Gadolinium (Level 4)
 * 11)  Terbium (Level 4)
 * 12)  Dysprosium (Level 4)
 * 13)  Holmium (Level 4)
 * 14)  Erbium (Level 4)
 * 15)  Thulium (Level 4)
 * 16)  Ytterbium (Level 4)

Actinides

 * 1)  Actinide (Level 4)
 * 2)  Actinium (Level 4)
 * 3)  Thorium (Level 4)
 * 4)  Protactinium (Level 4)
 * 5)   Uranium (Level 4)
 * 6)  Uranium-238
 * 7)  Uranium-235
 * 8)  Neptunium (Level 4)
 * 9)  Plutonium (Level 4)
 * 10)  Americium (Level 4)
 * 11)  Curium (Level 4)
 * 12)  Berkelium (Level 4)
 * 13)  Californium (Level 4)
 * 14)  Einsteinium
 * 15)  Fermium
 * 16)  Mendelevium
 * 17)  Nobelium

Periods

 * 1)  Period 1 element
 * 2)  Period 2 element
 * 3)  Period 3 element
 * 4)  Period 4 element
 * 5)  Period 5 element
 * 6)  Period 6 element
 * 7)  Period 7 element
 * 8)  Superheavy element
 * 9)  Synthetic element (Level 4)
 * 10)  Transuranium element
 * 11)  Extended periodic table
 * 12)  Ununennium
 * 13)  Unbinilium
 * 14)  Unbiunium
 * 15)  Unbibium
 * 16)  Unbiquadium
 * 17)  Unbihexium

=Acids and bases =

Aqueous acids and bases listed here; for underlying solutes, see the Salts and ions section.

Concepts

 * 1)  Acid (Level 4)
 * 2)  Acid anhydride
 * 3)  Solid acid
 * 4)  Amphoterism
 * 5)  Base (chemistry) (Level 4)
 * 6)  Alkali
 * 7)  Base anhydride
 * 8)  Non-nucleophilic base
 * 9)  Superbase
 * 10)  Weak base
 * 11)  Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory
 * 12)  Conjugate (acid-base theory)
 * 13)  Deprotonation
 * 14)  Hydronium
 * 15)  Protonation
 * 16)  Lewis acids and bases
 * 17)  Electrophile
 * 18)  HSAB theory
 * 19)  Nucleophile
 * 20)  pH (Level 4)
 * 21)  Acid strength
 * 22)  Acidity function
 * 23)  Buffer solution

Specific acids

 * 1)  Mineral acid
 * 2)  Aqua regia
 * 3)  Boric acid (Level 4)
 * 4)  Carbonic acid
 * 5)   Hydrochloric acid (Level 4)
 * 6)  Hydrofluoric acid (Level 4)
 * 7)  Hypochlorous acid
 * 8)  Nitric acid (Level 4)
 * 9)  Perchloric acid
 * 10)  Phosphoric acid (Level 4)
 * 11)  Sulfuric acid (Level 4)
 * 12)  Organic acid
 * 13)  Carboxylic acid (Level 4)
 * 14)  Acetic acid (Level 4)
 * 15)  Benzoic acid
 * 16)  Citric acid (Level 4)
 * 17)  Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
 * 18)   Formic acid
 * 19)  Lactic acid (Level 4)
 * 20)  Malic acid
 * 21)  Oxalic acid
 * 22)  Tartaric acid
 * 23)  Sulfonic acid
 * 24)  Superacid
 * 25)  Carborane acid
 * 26)  Fluoroantimonic acid
 * 27)  Fluorosulfuric acid
 * 28)  Magic acid
 * 29)  Triflic acid

Specific bases

 * 1)  Ammonia solution
 * 2)  Lye

=Alloys and ceramic compounds =

For disordered network solids, see Glass under Technology.


 * 1)  Alloy (Level 3)
 * 2)  Intermetallic
 * 3)  Interstitial defect
 * 4)  Network covalent bonding
 * 5)  Non-stoichiometric compound

Specific alloys

 * 1)  Amalgam (chemistry) (Level 4)
 * 2)  Colored gold
 * 3)  Duralumin
 * 4)  Electrum
 * 5)  Mischmetal
 * 6)  Ferrocerium
 * 7)  Galinstan
 * 8)  Pewter
 * 9)  Solder

Copper alloys

 * 1)  List of copper alloys
 * 2)  Brass (Level 4)
 * 3)  Bronze (Level 3)
 * 4)  Constantan
 * 5)  Cupronickel

Iron alloys

 * 1)  Cast iron (Level 4)
 * 2)  Steel (Level 3)
 * 3)  Alloy steel
 * 4)  Spring steel
 * 5)  Stainless steel (Level 4)
 * 6)  Tool steel
 * 7)  Carbon steel
 * 8)  Wootz steel
 * 9)  Pig iron
 * 10)  Wrought iron (Level 4)

Ceramic compounds

 * 1)  Boron nitride
 * 2)  Carbide
 * 3)  Silicon carbide
 * 4)  Cementite
 * 5)  Tungsten carbide
 * 6)  Ferrite (magnet)
 * 7)  Gallium nitride
 * 8)  Graphite oxide
 * 9)  Rare-earth barium copper oxide
 * 10)  Yttrium barium copper oxide
 * 11)  Silicon dioxide

=Molecular compounds =


 * 1)  Carbon disulfide
 * 2)  Cyanogen
 * 3)  Syngas (Level 4)

Covalent oxides

 * 1)  Carbon monoxide (Level 4)
 * 2)   Carbon dioxide (Level 3)
 * 3)  Nitric oxide
 * 4)  Nitrous oxide (Level 4)
 * 5)  Nitrogen dioxide
 * 6)  Oxygen difluoride
 * 7)  Sulfur dioxide
 * 8)  Sulfur trioxide

Hydrogen compounds

 * 1)  Boranes
 * 2)  Carborane
 * 3)  Diborane
 * 4)  Pnictogen hydride
 * 5)   Ammonia (Level 4)
 * 6)  Arsine
 * 7)  Diphosphane
 * 8)  Hydrazine
 * 9)  Methylamine
 * 10)  Phosphine
 * 11)  Stibine
 * 12)  Hydrogen chalcogenide
 * 13)   Hydrogen peroxide (Level 4)
 * 14)  Hydrogen sulfide
 * 15)  Hydrogen selenide
 * 16)  Polonium hydride
 * 17)  Polysulfane
 * 18)  Hydrogen halide
 * 19)  Hydrogen bromide
 * 20)  Hydrogen chloride
 * 21)  Hydrogen fluoride
 * 22)  Hydrogen iodide
 * 23)  Hydrogen cyanide
 * 24)  Hydroxyl radical

Water

 * 1)   Water (Level 2)
 * 2)  Properties of water (Level 4)
 * 3)  Hydrate
 * 4)  Ice (Level 4)
 * 5)  Ice crystal
 * 6)  Purified water
 * 7)  Water vapor (Level 4)
 * 8)  Steam
 * 9)  Heavy water
 * 10)  Semiheavy water
 * 11)  Tritiated water

=Organic compounds =

Note that organic compounds are often not biotic; see the Biology section for Biochemistry of living organisms.

Concepts

 * 1)  Polymer backbone
 * 2)  Side chain
 * 3)  Degree of unsaturation
 * 4)  Lipophilicity
 * 5)  Skeletal formula
 * 6)  Substituent
 * 7)  Functional group
 * 8)  Geminal
 * 9)  Pendant group
 * 10)  Vicinal (chemistry)

Concepts: General

 * 1)  Carbonyl group
 * 2)  Enol
 * 3)  Organophosphorus chemistry (Level 4)
 * 4)  Organosilicon chemistry (Level 4)
 * 5)  Silicone (Level 4)
 * 6)  Organosulfur chemistry (Level 4)
 * 7)  Allicin
 * 8)  Allyl isothiocyanate
 * 9)  Dimethyl sulfoxide
 * 10)  Thiol (Level 4)

Organometallics

 * 1)  Ferrocene
 * 2)  Tetraethyllead

Hydrocarbons

 * 1)  Hydrocarbon (Level 4)
 * 2)  Creosote
 * 3)  Naphtha
 * 4)  Oil
 * 5)  Petroleum (Level 3)
 * 6)  Petroleum jelly
 * 7)  Tar
 * 8)  Coal tar
 * 9)  Pine tar
 * 10)  Wax
 * 11)  Paraffin wax
 * 12)  White spirit
 * 13)  Octane rating

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

 * 1)  Aliphatic compound
 * 2)  Alicyclic compound
 * 3)  Cycloalkane
 * 4)  Cyclopropane
 * 5)  Cyclobutane
 * 6)  Cyclopentane
 * 7)  Cyclohexane
 * 8)  Adamantane
 * 9)  Alkane (Level 4)
 * 10)  Methane (Level 4)
 * 11)  Ethane (Level 4)
 * 12)  Propane (Level 4)
 * 13)  Butane (Level 4)
 * 14)  Alkene (Level 4)
 * 15)  Ethylene (Level 4)
 * 16)  Propylene (Level 4)
 * 17)  Alkyne (Level 4)
 * 18)  Acetylene
 * 19)  Polyyne

Aromatic hydrocarbons

 * 1)  Aromatic compound (Level 4)
 * 2)  Arene substitution pattern
 * 3)  Aromaticity
 * 4)  Antiaromaticity
 * 5)  Hückel's rule
 * 6)   Benzene (Level 4)
 * 7)  Toluene
 * 8)  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
 * 9)  Naphthalene

Alcohols

 * 1)  Alcohol (chemistry) (Level 4)
 * 2)  Methanol (Level 4)
 * 3)   Ethanol (Level 4)
 * 4)  Isopropyl alcohol
 * 5)  1-Propanol
 * 6)  Fatty alcohol
 * 7)  Cetyl alcohol
 * 8)  Dodecanol
 * 9)  Stearyl alcohol
 * 10)  Phenol (Level 4)
 * 11)  Polyol
 * 12)  Diol
 * 13)  Ethylene glycol
 * 14)  Geminal diol
 * 15)  Glycerol

Sugar alcohols

 * 1)  Sugar alcohol
 * 2)  Erythritol
 * 3)  Mannitol
 * 4)  Sorbitol
 * 5)  Xylitol

Aldehydes and ketones

 * 1)  Aldehyde (Level 4)
 * 2)  Formaldehyde (Level 4)
 * 3)  Acetaldehyde
 * 4)  Ketone (Level 4)
 * 5)  Acetone (Level 4)

Amides and amines

 * 1)  Amide (Level 4)
 * 2)  Urea (Level 4)
 * 3)  Nylon (Level 4)
 * 4)  DEET
 * 5)  Dimethylformamide
 * 6)  Amine (Level 4)
 * 7)  Cadaverine
 * 8)  Ethylenediamine
 * 9)  Putrescine
 * 10)   Taurine
 * 11)  Nitrocellulose
 * 12)  Pyridine
 * 13)  TNT

Esters and ethers

 * 1)  Ester (Level 4)
 * 2)  Ethyl acetate
 * 3)  Methyl salicylate
 * 4)  Nitroglycerin
 * 5)  Propylene carbonate
 * 6)  Ether (Level 4)
 * 7)  Dimethyl ether
 * 8)  Diethyl ether
 * 9)  Epoxide
 * 10)  Vanillin
 * 11)  1,4-Dioxane
 * 12)  Tetrahydrofuran

Halocarbons

 * 1)  Halocarbon
 * 2)  Haloalkane (Level 4)
 * 3)  Chlorofluorocarbon
 * 4)  Dichlorodifluoromethane
 * 5)  Organochlorine chemistry
 * 6)  Carbon tetrachloride
 * 7)  Chloroform
 * 8)  Chloromethane
 * 9)  Dichloromethane
 * 10)  Fluorocarbon
 * 11)  Carbon tetrafluoride
 * 12)  Hydrofluorocarbon

Alkaloids

 * 1)  Capsaicin
 * 2)  Imidazole
 * 3)  Purine
 * 4)  Uric acid
 * 5)  Xanthine
 * 6)   Theobromine
 * 7)  Theophylline
 * 8)  Pyrimidine
 * 9)  Scopolamine
 * 10)  Strychnine

Phenylpropanoids

 * 1)  Phenylpropanoid
 * 2)  Cinnamaldehyde
 * 3)  Coumarin
 * 4)  Eugenol
 * 5)  Safrole

Polymers

 * 1)  Polymer (Level 4)
 * 2)  Monomer
 * 3)  Oligomer
 * 4)  Epoxy
 * 5)  Phenol formaldehyde resin
 * 6)  Bakelite
 * 7)  Polyacrylonitrile
 * 8)  Polycarbonate
 * 9)  Polyethylene (Level 4)
 * 10)  Polyethylene glycol
 * 11)  Polyethylene terephthalate
 * 12)  Polyisoprene
 * 13)  Poly(methyl methacrylate)
 * 14)  Polypropylene (Level 4)
 * 15)  Polypropylene glycol
 * 16)  Polystyrene
 * 17)  Polytetrafluoroethylene
 * 18)  Polyurethane
 * 19)  Polyvinyl acetate
 * 20)  Polyvinyl alcohol
 * 21)  Polyvinyl chloride (Level 4)

Polyphenols

 * 1)  Polyphenol
 * 2)  Flavonoid
 * 3)  Anthocyanidin
 * 4)  Anthocyanin
 * 5)  Anthoxanthin
 * 6)  Catechin
 * 7)  Lignin
 * 8)  Tannin (Level 4)
 * 9)  Tannic acid

Terpenes and terpenoids

 * 1)  Isoprene
 * 2)  Resin
 * 3)  Rosin
 * 4)  Shellac
 * 5)  Terpene
 * 6)  Caryophyllene
 * 7)  Humulene
 * 8)  Limonene
 * 9)  Pinene
 * 10)  Turpentine
 * 11)  Squalene
 * 12)  Zingiberene
 * 13)  Terpenoid
 * 14)  Camphor
 * 15)  Carvone
 * 16)  Citral
 * 17)  Citronellal
 * 18)  Eucalyptol
 * 19)  Linalool
 * 20)   Menthol
 * 21)  Thymol

=Salts and ions =

Salts and ions: General

 * 1)  Ammonium
 * 2)  Quaternary ammonium cation
 * 3)  Ash
 * 4)  Potash
 * 5)  Wood ash
 * 6)  Salt (chemistry) (Level 4)
 * 7)  Acid salt
 * 8)  Alkali salt
 * 9)  Lithium (medication)
 * 10)  Zwitterion

Borohydride salts

 * 1)  Borohydride
 * 2)  Lithium borohydride
 * 3)  Sodium borohydride

Carbide salts

 * 1)  Aluminium carbide
 * 2)  Calcium carbide

Cyanide salts

 * 1)  Cyanide (Level 4)
 * 2)  Potassium cyanide
 * 3)  Sodium cyanide
 * 4)  Ferricyanide
 * 5)  Potassium ferricyanide
 * 6)  Ferrocyanide
 * 7)  Potassium ferrocyanide
 * 8)  Prussian blue

Halide salts

 * 1)  Halide
 * 2)  Bromide
 * 3)  Potassium bromide
 * 4)  Sodium bromide
 * 5)  Chloride (Level 4)
 * 6)  Aluminium chloride
 * 7)  Ammonium chloride
 * 8)   Calcium chloride (Level 4)
 * 9)  Copper(II) chloride
 * 10)  Iron(III) chloride
 * 11)  Magnesium chloride
 * 12)  Potassium chloride
 * 13)  Sodium chloride (Level 4)
 * 14)   Zinc chloride
 * 15)  Fluoride
 * 16)  Boron trifluoride
 * 17)  Calcium fluoride
 * 18)  Sodium fluoride
 * 19)  Sulfur hexafluoride
 * 20)  Uranium hexafluoride
 * 21)  Iodide
 * 22)  Lugol's iodine
 * 23)   Potassium iodide
 * 24)  Silver iodide
 * 25)  Tincture of iodine

Hydride salts

 * 1)  Hydride
 * 2)   Lithium aluminium hydride
 * 3)  Lithium hydride
 * 4)  Sodium hydride

Nitride salts

 * 1)  Nitride
 * 2)  Azide
 * 3)  Lead(II) azide
 * 4)  Silver azide
 * 5)  Sodium azide
 * 6)  Lithium nitride
 * 7)  Silver nitride
 * 8)  Titanium nitride

Noble gas compounds

 * 1)  Electride
 * 2)  Noble gas compound
 * 3)  Helium compounds
 * 4)  Disodium helide
 * 5)  Neon compounds
 * 6)  Argon compounds
 * 7)  Argon fluorohydride
 * 8)  Krypton difluoride
 * 9)  Xenon tetrafluoride
 * 10)  Xenon hexafluoroplatinate

Organic salts

 * 1)  Benzalkonium chloride
 * 2)  Crystal violet
 * 3)  Merbromin
 * 4)  Potassium bitartrate
 * 5)  Sodium benzoate
 * 6)  Sodium calcium edetate
 * 7)  Tetrasodium EDTA
 * 8)  Thiomersal

Acetates

 * 1)  Acetate
 * 2)  Aluminium triacetate
 * 3)  Ammonium acetate
 * 4)  Calcium acetate
 * 5)  Chromium(II) acetate
 * 6)  Copper(II) acetate
 * 7)  Lead(II) acetate
 * 8)  Potassium acetate
 * 9)  Sodium acetate
 * 10)  Zinc acetate

Citrates

 * 1)  Calcium citrate
 * 2)  Iron(III) citrate
 * 3)  Ammonium ferric citrate
 * 4)  Magnesium citrate
 * 5)  Potassium citrate
 * 6)  Sodium citrate
 * 7)  Monosodium citrate
 * 8)  Disodium citrate
 * 9)  Trisodium citrate

Glutamates

 * 1)  Glutamate flavoring
 * 2)  Monosodium glutamate
 * 3)  Monopotassium glutamate

Oxide salts

 * 1)  Oxide (Level 4)
 * 2)  Aluminium oxide
 * 3)  Copper(II) oxide
 * 4)  Iron oxide
 * 5)  Iron(II) oxide
 * 6)  Iron(II,III) oxide
 * 7)  Iron(III) oxide
 * 8)  Manganese dioxide
 * 9)  Osmium tetroxide
 * 10)  Tin(IV) oxide
 * 11)  Titanium dioxide (Level 4)
 * 12)  Zinc oxide
 * 13)  Zirconium dioxide
 * 14)  Superoxide
 * 15)  Potassium superoxide

Alkali oxide salts

 * 1)  Calcium oxide
 * 2)  Lithium oxide
 * 3)  Magnesium oxide
 * 4)  Potassium oxide
 * 5)  Sodium oxide

Peroxide salts

 * 1)  Peroxide
 * 2)  Barium peroxide
 * 3)  Potassium peroxide
 * 4)  Sodium peroxide

Oxyanionic salts

 * 1)  Oxyanion
 * 2)  Silicate (Level 4)
 * 3)  Sodium silicate (Level 4)

Boric oxyanions

 * 1)  Borate
 * 2)  Borax
 * 3)  Sodium metaborate

Carbonic oxyanions

 * 1)  Bicarbonate
 * 2)  Ammonium bicarbonate
 * 3)  Sodium bicarbonate (Level 4)
 * 4)  Baking powder
 * 5)  Carbonate (Level 4)
 * 6)  Ammonium carbonate
 * 7)  Calcium carbonate (Level 4)
 * 8)  Sodium carbonate (Level 4)

Halide oxyanions

 * 1)  Chlorate
 * 2)  Potassium chlorate
 * 3)  Chlorite
 * 4)  Hypochlorite
 * 5)  Sodium hypochlorite
 * 6)  Perchlorate
 * 7)  Ammonium perchlorate
 * 8)  Potassium perchlorate
 * 9)  Sodium perchlorate

Hydroxy anion

 * 1)  Hydroxide
 * 2)  Calcium hydroxide
 * 3)  Magnesium hydroxide
 * 4)  Potassium hydroxide (Level 4)
 * 5)   Sodium hydroxide (Level 4)

Metallic oxyanions

 * 1)  Chromate and dichromate
 * 2)  Lead(II) chromate
 * 3)  Chrome yellow
 * 4)  Potassium chromate
 * 5)  Potassium dichromate
 * 6)  Sodium chromate
 * 7)  Sodium dichromate
 * 8)  Manganate
 * 9)  Potassium manganate
 * 10)  Permanganate
 * 11)  Potassium permanganate
 * 12)  Sodium permanganate
 * 13)  Vanadate
 * 14)  Ammonium metavanadate
 * 15)  Sodium metavanadate
 * 16)  Sodium orthovanadate

Nitric oxyanions

 * 1)  Nitrate (Level 4)
 * 2)  Ammonium nitrate (Level 4)
 * 3)   Lead(II) nitrate
 * 4)  Potassium nitrate (Level 4)
 * 5)  Silver nitrate
 * 6)  Sodium nitrate (Level 4)
 * 7)  Nitrite
 * 8)  Ammonium nitrite
 * 9)  Sodium nitrite

Phosphoric oxyanions

 * 1)  Phosphate
 * 2)  Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
 * 3)  Diammonium phosphate
 * 4)  Trisodium phosphate
 * 5)  Phosphite anion
 * 6)  Basic lead phosphite

Sulfuric oxyanions

 * 1)  Sodium dithionite
 * 2)  Sulfite
 * 3)  Sulfate (Level 4)
 * 4)  Alum (Level 4)
 * 5)  Potassium alum
 * 6)  Aluminium sulfate
 * 7)  Ammonium sulfate (Level 4)
 * 8)  Calcium sulfate
 * 9)  Copper(II) sulfate
 * 10)  Iron(II) sulfate
 * 11)  Iron(III) sulfate
 * 12)  Magnesium sulfate (Level 4)
 * 13)   Sodium sulfate (Level 4)
 * 14)  Vitriol
 * 15)  Zinc sulfate
 * 16)  Thiosulfate
 * 17)  Sodium thiosulfate

Sulfide salts

 * 1)  Sulfide
 * 2)  Cadmium sulfide
 * 3)  Calcium sulfide
 * 4)  Lime sulfur
 * 5)  Iron(II) sulfide
 * 6)  Magnesium sulfide
 * 7)  Mercury sulfide
 * 8)  Molybdenum disulfide
 * 9)  Potassium sulfide
 * 10)  Sodium sulfide
 * 11)  Zinc sulfide

=Analysis =

Basics

 * 1)  Qualitative inorganic analysis
 * 2)  Quantitative analysis (chemistry)
 * 3)  Elemental analysis
 * 4)  Combustion analysis
 * 5)  Cheminformatics
 * 6)  Instrumental chemistry
 * 7)  Electroanalytical methods
 * 8)  Radioanalytical chemistry

Chemical methods

 * 1)  Chemical test
 * 2)  Complexometric indicator
 * 3)  PH indicator
 * 4)  Litmus
 * 5)  Phenolphthalein
 * 6)  Redox indicator
 * 7)  Methylene blue
 * 8)  Flame test
 * 9)  Gravimetric analysis
 * 10)  Thermogravimetric analysis
 * 11)  Titration

Instrumental methods

 * 1)  Calorimetry
 * 2)  Mass spectrometry (Level 4)

Electrical methods

 * 1)  Coulometry
 * 2)  Voltammetry
 * 3)  Cyclic voltammetry
 * 4)  Hydrodynamic voltammetry
 * 5)  Polarography
 * 6)  Dielectric spectroscopy
 * 7)  Electrophoresis

Spectroscopy

 * 1)  Spectroscopy (Level 4)
 * 2)  Absorption spectroscopy (Level 4)
 * 3)  Atomic spectroscopy
 * 4)  Atomic absorption spectroscopy
 * 5)  Atomic emission spectroscopy
 * 6)  Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
 * 7)  Infrared spectroscopy
 * 8)  Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
 * 9)  Microwave spectroscopy
 * 10)  Raman spectroscopy
 * 11)  Ultrafast laser spectroscopy
 * 12)  Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy
 * 13)  X-ray spectroscopy

=Reactions and synthesis =

Basics

 * 1)  Dissociation (chemistry)
 * 2)  Isomerization
 * 3)  Radical (chemistry) (Level 4)
 * 4)  Reaction mechanism (Level 4)
 * 5)  Arrow pushing
 * 6)  Chain reaction
 * 7)  Elementary reaction
 * 8)  Reaction intermediate
 * 9)  Reversible reaction
 * 10)  Stepwise reaction

Organic reactions

 * 1)  Organic reaction
 * 2)  Leaving group
 * 3)  Addition reaction
 * 4)  Cycloaddition
 * 5)  Electrophilic addition
 * 6)  Free-radical addition
 * 7)  Nucleophilic addition
 * 8)  Aldol condensation
 * 9)  Caramelization
 * 10)  Diels–Alder reaction
 * 11)  Elimination reaction
 * 12)  E1cB-elimination reaction
 * 13)  Ei mechanism
 * 14)  Grignard reaction
 * 15)  Haloform reaction
 * 16)  Hydrogenation
 * 17)  Maillard reaction
 * 18)  Polymerization
 * 19)  Step-growth polymerization
 * 20)  Chain-growth polymerization
 * 21)  Radical polymerization
 * 22)  Ring-opening polymerization
 * 23)  Chain transfer
 * 24)  Emulsion polymerization
 * 25)  Rearrangement reaction
 * 26)  1,2-rearrangement
 * 27)  Allylic rearrangement
 * 28)  Olefin metathesis
 * 29)  Pericyclic reaction
 * 30)  Substitution reaction (Level 4)
 * 31)  Nucleophilic substitution
 * 32)  Nucleophilic acyl substitution
 * 33)  Nucleophilic aromatic substitution
 * 34)  SN1 reaction
 * 35)  SN2 reaction
 * 36)  SNi
 * 37)  Electrophilic substitution
 * 38)  Wittig reaction

Redox reactions

 * 1)  Redox (Level 3)
 * 2)  Corrosion (Level 4)
 * 3)  Rust
 * 4)  Tarnish
 * 5)  Half-reaction
 * 6)  Oxidation state
 * 7)  Oxidizing agent
 * 8)  Reducing agent
 * 9)  Disproportionation

Other reactions

 * 1)  Acid–base reaction (Level 3)
 * 2)  Chemical decomposition
 * 3)  Electrolysis (Level 4)
 * 4)  Hydrolysis
 * 5)  Kipp's apparatus
 * 6)  Thermal decomposition
 * 7)  Cracking (chemistry)
 * 8)  Destructive distillation
 * 9)  Pyrolysis
 * 10)  Combustion (Level 4)
 * 11)  Haber process (Level 4)
 * 12)  Precipitation (chemistry)
 * 13)  Salt metathesis reaction
 * 14)  Water–gas shift reaction

Synthetic strategies

 * 1)  Convergent synthesis
 * 2)  Direct process
 * 3)  Divergent synthesis
 * 4)  Electrosynthesis
 * 5)  Enantioselective synthesis
 * 6)  One-pot synthesis
 * 7)  Organic synthesis
 * 8)  Retrosynthetic analysis
 * 9)  Semisynthesis
 * 10)  Total synthesis

=Separation processes =


 * 1)  Separation process
 * 2)  Theoretical plate

Chromatography

 * 1)  Chromatography (Level 4)
 * 2)  Column chromatography
 * 3)  High-performance liquid chromatography
 * 4)  Ion chromatography
 * 5)  Gas chromatography
 * 6)  Gel permeation chromatography
 * 7)  Thin-layer chromatography
 * 8)  Van Deemter equation

Phase separations

 * 1)  Phase separation
 * 2)  Air separation
 * 3)  Distillation (Level 4)
 * 4)  Azeotrope
 * 5)  Azeotropic distillation
 * 6)  Dean–Stark apparatus
 * 7)   Continuous distillation
 * 8)  Fractional distillation
 * 9)  Condenser (laboratory)
 * 10)  Fractionating column
 * 11)  Random column packing
 * 12)  Steam distillation
 * 13)  Vacuum distillation
 * 14)  Drying
 * 15)  Desiccant
 * 16)  Freeze drying
 * 17)  Vacuum drying
 * 18)  Spray drying
 * 19)  Flash evaporation
 * 20)  Vapor–liquid separator
 * 21)  Fractional freezing
 * 22)  Eutectic system

Other separations

 * 1)  Absorption (chemistry)
 * 2)  Adsorption
 * 3)  Physisorption
 * 4)  Chemisorption
 * 5)  Langmuir adsorption model
 * 6)  Freundlich equation
 * 7)  BET theory
 * 8)  Cyclonic separation
 * 9)  Extraction (chemistry)
 * 10)  Liquid–liquid extraction
 * 11)  Soxhlet extractor
 * 12)  Filtration (Level 4)
 * 13)  Cross-flow filtration
 * 14)  Suction filtration
 * 15)  Microfiltration
 * 16)  Ultrafiltration
 * 17)  Nanofiltration
 * 18)  Reverse osmosis
 * 19)  Recrystallization (chemistry)
 * 20)  Fractional crystallization (chemistry)
 * 21)  Sedimentation
 * 22)  Flocculation
 * 23)  Settling
 * 24)  Stripping (chemistry)

=Chemical engineering =


 * 1)  Chemical process
 * 2)  Process design
 * 3)  Chemical reactor
 * 4)  Batch reactor
 * 5)  Semibatch reactor
 * 6)  Continuous stirred-tank reactor
 * 7)  Plug flow reactor model
 * 8)  Laminar flow reactor
 * 9)  Microreactor
 * 10)  Unit operation
 * 11)  Mass transfer
 * 12)  Mixing (process engineering)

=Theory =

Bond structure

 * 1)  Coordination complex
 * 2)  Chelation
 * 3)  Coordination geometry
 * 4)  Bite angle
 * 5)  Coordination sphere
 * 6)  Ligand cone angle
 * 7)  Crystal field theory
 * 8)  Ligand
 * 9)  Ligand field theory
 * 10)  Molecular geometry
 * 11)  Bent molecular geometry
 * 12)  Linear molecular geometry
 * 13)  Octahedral molecular geometry
 * 14)  Tetrahedral molecular geometry
 * 15)  Trigonal planar molecular geometry
 * 16)  Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry
 * 17)  VSEPR theory
 * 18)  Valence bond theory (Level 4)
 * 19)  Modern valence bond theory
 * 20)  Linear combination of atomic orbitals
 * 21)  Orbital hybridisation
 * 22)  Resonance (chemistry)
 * 23)  Pi bond
 * 24)  Sigma bond

Electrochemistry

 * 1)  Electrochemical cell
 * 2)  Anode
 * 3)  Cathode
 * 4)  Electrolyte
 * 5)  Electrolytic cell
 * 6)  Galvanic cell
 * 7)  Half-cell
 * 8)  Salt bridge
 * 9)  Reduction potential
 * 10)  Absolute electrode potential
 * 11)  Standard hydrogen electrode
 * 12)  Nernst equation
 * 13)  Standard electrode potential
 * 14)  Galvanic series
 * 15)  Reactivity series

Kinetics

 * 1)  Chemical kinetics (Level 4)
 * 2)  Rate equation
 * 3)  Law of mass action
 * 4)  Rate-determining step
 * 5)  Reaction rate
 * 6)  Reaction rate constant
 * 7)  Transition state theory
 * 8)  Activated complex
 * 9)  Activation energy
 * 10)  Hammond's postulate
 * 11)  Reaction coordinate
 * 12)  Transition state
 * 13)  Arrhenius equation
 * 14)  Pre-exponential factor
 * 15)  Collision theory
 * 16)  Collision frequency
 * 17)  Entropy of activation

Stereochemistry

 * 1)  Stereoisomerism
 * 2)  Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules
 * 3)  Chirality (chemistry)
 * 4)  Absolute configuration
 * 5)  Enantiomer
 * 6)  Racemic mixture
 * 7)  Racemization
 * 8)  Stereocenter
 * 9)  Conformational isomerism
 * 10)  Atropisomer
 * 11)  Cyclohexane conformation
 * 12)  Ring flip
 * 13)  Eclipsed conformation
 * 14)  Gauche effect
 * 15)  Newman projection
 * 16)  Staggered conformation
 * 17)  Steric effects
 * 18)  A value
 * 19)  Strain (chemistry)
 * 20)  Diastereomer
 * 21)  Cis–trans isomerism
 * 22)  E–Z notation
 * 23)  Meso compound

Supramolecular chemistry

 * 1)  Supramolecular chemistry
 * 2)  Folding (chemistry)
 * 3)  Molecular self-assembly
 * 4)  Host–guest chemistry
 * 5)  Clathrate compound
 * 6)  Inclusion compound
 * 7)  Molecular encapsulation
 * 8)  Endohedral fullerene
 * 9)  Intermolecular force (Level 4)
 * 10)  Chemical polarity
 * 11)  Amphiphile
 * 12)  Hydrophile
 * 13)  Hydrophobe
 * 14)  London dispersion force
 * 15)  Van der Waals force

Thermodynamics

 * 1)  Chemical thermodynamics
 * 2)  Thermochemistry
 * 3)  Colligative properties
 * 4)  Boiling-point elevation
 * 5)  Freezing-point depression
 * 6)  Osmotic pressure
 * 7)  Vapor pressure
 * 8)  Reaction quotient
 * 9)  Thermodynamic activity
 * 10)  Activity coefficient
 * 11)  Equilibrium constant
 * 12)  Dissociation constant
 * 13)  Exothermic reaction
 * 14)  Thermal runaway
 * 15)  Flory–Huggins solution theory