Wikipedia:WikiProject Brazil/PLG Glossary

Brazilian Portuguese bilingual glossary for politics, law, and government topics, including criminal investigations.

This glossary of terms initially contained terms commonly used in Portuguese and English Wikipedia articles about Operation Car Wash, and other related articles. It is designed as an editing aid for Wikipedia editors translating articles from Brazilian Portuguese into English.

Purpose
Glossary for Brazilian terms for politics, law, government, and criminal investigations, originally created for assistance in translating terms from Brazilian Portuguese into English in Desdobramentos da Operação Lava Jato, Fases da Operação Lava Jato, and similar articles.

Scope
Because this is a specialized glossary, the first meaning(s) listed for a term will be the one(s) related to topics within the scope of this glossary, even if that is not the most common meaning in the spoken or written language for the term in a more general context. For example: the first meaning listed for is "appeal"; a term from the law. A more common meaning of recurso is "resource"; but if listed at all, that more common meaning will be shown at the bottom of the entry. This glossary is not a general or indiscriminate list of terms from Brazilian Portuguese, and in order to maintain its usefulness entries outside its scope will be removed.

Structure
There is one alphabetical list, with headwords in Portuguese or English, and aliases, translations, or explanations given as appropriate. Because this is about translation in one direction, i.e., pt-BR → en, nearly all the headwords are in Portuguese. Normally, the language of the headword is obvious; but when it isn't, (e.g., ), then the translation context will clarify. English headwords appear occasionally when they may be helpful to a pt-BR → en translator, either by pointing out multiple meanings, unexpected equivalents, or to point out common concepts in Anglo-Saxon context that have no exact equivalent and need some explanation. A few headwords are present not because they are specifically topical to politics, law, or government, but because they may turn up frequently in such contexts and have a high likelihood of poor results from machine translation; these entries are tagged with an explanatory note.

Terminology
This glossary concerns meaning and usage in Brazilian Portuguese. To avoid constant repetition, where the word Portuguese appears alone, it means Brazilian Portuguese. (Note: Wikipedias are by language, not country; there is one Portuguese Wikipedia for all Lusophone countries; there is no separate "Brazilian Wikipedia".)

Disclaimer
Wikipedia is not a dictionary, and in particular, no warranty whatsoever is made that this article, or any of the articles are accurate. There is absolutely no assurance that any statement contained in an article touching on legal matters is true, correct or precise. See Legal disclaimer for complete details.

A

 * Abastecimento
 * see .


 * Absolvição
 * Acquittal. A decision by a magistrate that the defendant is not guilty. If there is no final judgment, there can still be an appeal. See.


 * Absolvição sumária
 * Summary acquittal. A sentence by a magistrate which terminates the proceedings with acquittal of the defendant without having to complete all states. See article 397 of Decree-law 3.689/41.


 * AC     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Acre (state), one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Rio Branco. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Ação      Flag of Brazil.svg       Wiktionary small.svg
 * lawsuit. (plural: ações)
 * Action; related to ' of a person, and subject to theories of ' in criminal law, such as Hans Welzel's ' or the '.
 * Expressions: ações na justiça ("lawsuits"); ações judiciais ("lawsuits")
 * In context:
 * Essas ações judiciais estão em trâmite na Justiça do Trabalho – These lawsuits are underway in the Labor Court
 * A indústria da música entrou com centenas de ações na justiça contra os consumidores... – The music industry launched hundreds of lawsuits against consumers...
 * In other contexts: actions; shares (of stock); campaigns; measures.


 * Acordo de leniência     Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * a leniency agreement between a company and legal authorities. An agreement a company enters into with law authorities, to reduce their exposure to fines for criminal activity in exchange for something; typically an agreement to assist in investigations. Part of the . Chapter 5 of the  provides the legal underpinning for companies to enter into leniency agreements with the authorities.
 * Similar to  in its plea bargaining aspect, but as a leniency accord deals with a company's assets not its employees.
 * see .


 * Adversarial system
 * See.


 * Agente
 * Often just the cognate agent; also broker, representative, and other terms. In the context of real or suspected wrongdoing, can be perpetrator, the accused, the suspect, or with less implied suspicion, partipant, actor, and so on. An example can be seen in the use of agente in the JusBrasil article at .
 * Expressions:
 * agentes públicos – public officials
 * agentes políticos – political players, actors, or officials


 * AL     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Alagoas, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Maceió. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Aliciamento    Wiktionary small.svg
 * See .


 * AM     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Amazonas (Brazilian state), one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Manaus. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Ampla defesa     Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * Constitutionally protected right of full defense, in Article 5, paragraph LV. Guaranteed in two ways: either self representation, or professional defense. See ''.


 * Anti-Corruption Act    Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * aliases: Clean Company Act; Law no. 12.846/2013
 * law enacted in 2014 targeting corrupt corrupt practices among business entities doing business in Brazil. It defines civil and administrative penalties, as well as the possibility of reductions in penalties for cooperation with law enforcement under a written  (Leniency agreement).
 * see 


 * Antijuricidade
 * Unlawfulness. One of the three elements of the traditional conception of a criminal offense (') along with ' and '.. Magalhães Noronha defines ' as a synonym, and defines antijuricidade as a "relation of opposition between action and law".


 * AP     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Amapá, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Macapá. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Apartamentos funcionais
 * Executive apartment set aside in the capital, Brasília, by the government for the use of members of the  while they are in the capital, typically half the week.


 * Arrest warrant    Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg


 * Associação criminosa     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * see ', '.


 * Assumir um risco
 * To "assume", in the sense of to knowingly accept a risk. This expression is used in the context of determining the extent of ' or ' of a perpetrator of an act. If the owner permits his tourist boat to be vastly overloaded and it lacks life preservers and it then founders with loss of life, that wasn't the desired (premeditated) outcome, but it was a foreseeable risk. The owner is said to have "assumed" or accepted the risk, and in the process can be charged with a crime based on ', but not on '.


 * Atibaia     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * See .


 * Autor      Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * plaintiff or claimant in a civil suit.
 * Syn: '. See also '.
 * Expressions: parte autora: plaintiff ("complaining party")
 * In other contexts: in the more common, non-legal sense, just like "author" in English.

B

 * BA     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Bahia, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Salvador. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Bem jurídico
 * Bem jurídico is "any vital interest of the community or the individual, which is legally protected due to its social significance" (Hans Welzel, 1997).
 * bens jurídicos are values of individual or collective life, values of culture, which, in most cases, are the object of both legal and moral precepts. quoting Anibal BRUNO Direito Penal. Parte Geral. Tomo I. Forense; Rio; 1959; p. 18 oclc=Anibal Bruno, Direito Penal. Parte Geral.: es: bien juridico


 * Bribery     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * '. In Brazil, the word ' is a synonym. See also .


 * Burden of proof     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg        Flag of Brazil.svg
 * pt:Ônus da prova.

C

 * Cadastro Nacional da Pessoa Jurídica  Flag of Brazil.svg
 * A unique number that identifies a § pessoa juridica (juridical person). Similar to an Employer Identification Number. Abbreviated . Contrast ''.


 * CADE
 * abbreviation for .


 * Cadeia     Wiktionary small.svg
 * See .


 * Caixa     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * cashier; cash register, cashbox; teller; treasurer; cash
 * Expressions:
 * fluxo de caixa – cash flow
 * geração de caixa – cash flow generation
 * In other contexts: box, crate
 * see also: .


 * Caixa dois     Flag of Brazil.svg       Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * a slush fund. lit. "cashbox two", this is a repository of unrecorded funds not reported to the appropriate tax authorities, and typically used as a slush fund for bribery or money laundering operations. See Caixa 2.


 * Câmara dos Deputados     Flag of Brazil.svg      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) (in BR context; i.e., for pt:Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil.) The lower of the two houses of the ' (legislative branch) of the ', first created in 1824. The Chamber of deputies is located in the federal capital, and made up of 513 deputies who are elected by § proportional vote for a four-year term. The other chamber of Congress is the .


 * Cárcere     Wiktionary small.svg
 * See .


 * Cassação    Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * removal from office. Verb: cassar, to remove from office; (in other contexts: break, cancel, annul, revoke).
 * Usage note: in the past participle form cassado, may be applied either to the person, or to their term (mandato), e.g.:
 * Demóstenes Torres foi senador de 2003 até 2012, quando foi cassado pelo Senado Federal por quebra de decoro parlamentar.
 * Em maio de 2016, teve o mandato de Senador cassado por 74 votos a favor, uma abstenção, nenhum voto contrário. (talking about Delcídio do Amaral)


 * CE     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Ceará, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Fortaleza. See also: States of Brazil.


 * CF
 * abbreviation for Constituição Federal. See .


 * Chamber of Deputies     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * The lower chamber of the '. See '.


 * Chapa     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * a chapa eleitoral is an electoral slate: a slate of candidates in an election.
 * In other contexts: plate, sheet, and many other meanings.


 * Cifra oculta      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * literally, "hidden figure"; also sometimes, cifra negra ("black figure").
 * This generally stands in for, or is part of the expression a cifra oculta da criminalidade, lit. the "hidden figure of criminality". This is a term from criminology, and refers to statistics about unreported crime. In English, the term is the "dark figure of crime" or the "hidden figure of crime".


 * Circunstâncias agravantes     Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * Aggravating circumstances.


 * Circunstâncias atenuantes     Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * Mitigating circumstances.


 * Citação     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Service of process.
 * a legal procedure in which a defendant is notified that a case is being brought against them and from which the triangular relationship among the three involved parties involved in the dispute, namely plaintiff (), defendant () and judge, is closed.  See ', '.
 * see Usage note at .


 * Civil procedure    Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * ; <==R from pt:Direito Jurisdicional.
 * the rules and standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters)


 * CNPJ
 * abbreviation for .


 * Código Civil brasileiro     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * the Brazilian Civil Code. Not yet in en-wiki; but see fr:Code civil brésilien or es:Código Civil de Brasil.


 * Código de Processo Civil     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code (not to be confused with the Brazilian Civil Code).
 * the set of rules designed to regulate Brazil's civil proceedings. It is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the § Federal Government, through the  to legislate on § civil procedure.
 * Usually abbreviated § CPC in Portuguese.


 * Código de Processo Penal     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * the Brazilian Code of criminal procedure (not to be confused with the Penal Code of Brazil).
 * the set of rules designed to regulate Brazil's criminal proceedings. It is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the § Federal Government, through the  to legislate on criminal procedure.
 * Usually abbreviated § CPP in Portuguese.


 * Coercive driving
 * There is no such thing as "coercive driving". If you see this phrase in the English press, it means they are relying on machine translation, which screws up badly in giving this result. Do not use this phrase in en-wiki.
 * See .


 * Colaboração premiada     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Literally: "rewarded collaboration"; plea bargain. Common name for the legal term § Delação premiada. Established in the  in 2014.
 * See the Usage note at .

The operation was based on Colaboração premiada agreements between the Public Ministry...


 * Comissão parlamentar de inquérito     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * a Parliamentary investigative commission, or parliamentary commission of inquiry. Cf. Parliamentary inquiry.
 * Example: "CPI da Petrobras" – the "Petrobras CPI". See .


 * Compliance      Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * Same word in both languages; Portuguese borrows it from English. The pt-wiki article pt:Compliance defines it as: "At the institutional and corporate level, compliance is the set of disciplines [put in place] in order to comply and enforce the legal and regulatory rules, policies and guidelines established for the business and the activities of the institution or company, as well as to avoid, detect and handle any deviation or lack of conformance that may occur."
 * The Portuguese word is a loanword from English. Related loanwords include:  Departamento (or Unidade) de Compliance, and Compliance Officer.


 * Compra    Wiktionary small.svg
 * See .


 * Concussão     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * the act of demanding improper advantage ('§ Vantagem indevida' for oneself or others, directly or indirectly, by someone in public office, either during their term or before or afterward if related to their function while in office. ' Article 316. One of several crimes that are considered a "§ crime against public administration". (Note: no article on en-wiki—or any other xx-wiki—for Concussão, but sounds like bribery from the active partner; compare '; perhaps concussão is an example of corrupção ativa? t.b.d.)


 * Condução coercitiva    Flag of Brazil.svg   Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * See Condução coercitiva on en-wiki. A compulsory order to appear, to assist in an investigative or judicial proceeding, either as a victim, a witness, an expert, and so on. Not an arrest, but has the power of enforcement behind it, based on § CPP. Has some features in common with a "material witness" in U.S. law. See pt:Condução coercitiva. See also this discussion. Compare § Prisão and § Prisão preventiva.
 * Translation note: Machine translation will often emit the word driving as part of the translation into English; this is completely incorrect in this context. There is no accepted expression in English that conveys the sense of this term; consider leaving it in the original, accompanied by an explanatory note.

The Federal Police served ten Condução coercitiva warrants...


 * Conduta
 * A human act, as opposed to an act of nature. See .


 * Congresso Nacional     Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * pt:Congresso Nacional do Brasil (National Congress of Brazil) is the § legislative branch of the § government, as ordained by the '. It is made up of the ' (the upper house) and the  (the lower house).


 * Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Administrative Council for Economic Defense; Brazil's governmental agency for competition regulation.


 * Constituição do Brasil     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * The current constitution is the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 (officially: Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988). Also known as the Constituição cidadã ("Citizen's Constitution") because of its birth in the process of the return to Democracy after the end of the period of § military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985).


 * Constitution
 * see .


 * Conta offshore
 * Offshore account.


 * Contagem de prazo
 * limitation period; time limit; countdown period; term; interval during which some action is possible
 * Usage note: prazo can mean term, e.g.:
 * o cálculo do prazo de protecção – calculation of the term of protection
 * o evento que marca o início da contagem do prazo de protecção – the event triggering the term of protection.


 * Contraditório     Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * "Adversarial", as in . See .


 * Contravenção     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg      Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * a '. In Brazilian law, a misdemeanor is one of two types of ', the other one being a .


 * Corrupção ativa  Flag of Brazil.svg
 * literally, "active corruption". Active corruption consists in the act of offering any kind of benefit or advantage (economic, or otherwise) to a public official, to cause them to perform an official act, or to prevent or delay them from performing such an act. The crime consists in the intent to offer the unfair advantage, regardless whether it actually occurs. It is governed by article 333 of the Penal Code, and is considered a § crime against public administration. See .


 * Corrupção passiva  Flag of Brazil.svg
 * literally, "passive corruption". A crime committed by a public official, which consists in soliciting or receiving, for themselves or on behalf of someone else, an undue benefit (see )), or a promise of such benefit. The term "passive" doesn't refer to initiation of a corrupt action, but who receives the benefit. For example, if a driver offers a cop money in order to avoid a ticket, and the cop accepts, the cop has committed passive corruption (and the driver has simultaneously committed active corruption). If the cop suggests the bribe, it's still passive. (See § CP Art. 317.) Considered a "§ crime against public administration".


 * Court order
 * um § mandado judicial


 * Court proceeding
 * in en, this is R==> Procedural law, which = pt:Direito processual.


 * CPC
 * abbr. for .


 * CPF or:
 * CPF-MF
 * abbreviation for '. Contrast '.


 * CPI
 * abbr. for .


 * CPI da Petrobras
 * Parliamentary Investigation Commission into Petrobras. suggested encoding: generates: Parliamentary Investigation Commission into Petrobras.


 * CPP
 * abbr. for .


 * Crédito consignado    Flag of Brazil.svg


 * literally, "consigned credit". Also known as an , this is a type of fixed, collateral-free loan where the repayments are deducted directly from your payroll check, or retirement or other benefits payment. These can be up to 30% of one's monthly income. The law originally came into effect in 2004 as a result of Law 10.820 (2003). The max repayment term 8 years (for salaried workers) or 6 years (retired). Some abuses of elderly pensioners has been noted, because the lower-than-market rates available have enabled some seniors to gain loans who otherwise could not, but who then run into trouble and default on other repayments, especially those in lower income brackets, leaving them insufficient funds to meet basic needs.


 * Crime     Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * Same word in both languages:
 * English: in ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term "crime" does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes.
 * Portuguese: In Brazilian law, a crime is one of two types of ', the other being ' (misdemeanors). According to, a criminal offense (') consists of three structural elements: ' (proscribed conduct), ' (unlawfulness), and ' (prosecutable).


 * Crime contra a administração pública
 * literally, a "crime against public administration".
 * A group of crimes in the § Penal Code that are characterized by their distortion of public administration and which injuriously affect the legality, impartiality, morality, or efficiency of public administration. Includes ', ', ', ', ', ', , and others.


 * Crime culposo
 * negligent crime. The definition of crime culposo (negligent crime) is set out in article 18, item II of the, which considers conduct to be negligent when the agent caused the result through recklessness (acting hastily, without care or caution), negligence (carelessness or inattention, failing to observe precautions normally adopted in the situation) or  (malpractice), acting without skill or technical qualification. The punishment for negligent conduct is provided for by law; for example, Article 302 of the Traffic Code covers negligent crimes when driving a motor vehicle.


 * Crime doloso
 * intentional crime. The definition is given in article 18, item I of the, which considers as intentional (doloso) any criminal act where the perpetrator wanted or assumed the result.


 * Culpa    Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * guilt; fault; blame. A voluntary act that shows recklessness ('), malpractice ('), or negligence (') and causes damage (') or willful injury () to another.


 * Culpabilidade    Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * state or characterized by being ' (accusable) or ' (accused)


 * Culpado    Wiktionary small.svg
 * The accused. One who has broken the law; criminal, delinquent, perpetrator, defendant.


 * Culpável
 * Someone who can be found guilty; accusable; incriminable.


 * Culposo     Wiktionary small.svg
 * in the context of crime, negligent, through (recklessness), negligence, or malpractice. See, .  Contrast.


 * Custo Brasil   Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * literally, "Brazil cost". This is a term that refers to the increased cost of doing business in Brazil based on in-country factors, such as administrative corruption, excessive bureaurocracy, dysfunctions in import-export operations, inefficiency in public services, and others. The concept derives from the more general one of "country cost"; see the article Ease of doing business index.

D

 * Dabm, Dabst
 * see 


 * Delação      Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg     Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * whistle-blowing; denunciation; betrayal; sometimes: indictment. From Delatar, v. denounce. The English cognate "delate" (noun: delation) exists but is rare, and so is not a good translation as no one will recognize it.
 * pt:Delação redirects to pt:Denúncia, which is the act or petition in which a prosecutor presents the charge before a judge to try the crime described in it.


 * Delação premiada     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * literally, "rewarded whistleblowing" (or, "informing"). The most common gloss for this in English is "plea bargain [agreement]"; also seen, much less frequently (about 10%), is '. A legal process by which a suspect is offered a specific reduced sentence prescribed by the law, in return for turning in accomplices, or aiding in investigations. Applies only to individuals. The common name for this is '. The concept is similar to a plea bargain agreement, which results in a reduced penalty (fine, prison time) in return for investigative assistance. Established in the  of 2014.  Contrast: , which applies only to juridical persons.
 * Usage note: There is some fuzziness even in the Brazilian press, concerning the use of delação premiada (applies exclusively to people) and  (applies to business entities, not people) and occasionally the wrong term is used. The confusion in the English language press is greater, partly because the legal concepts in the two countries aren't identical, and "plea bargain" may be used for both terms. As a rule of thumb, if it's about reduction in monetary penalties for a company, use "leniency agreement" if possible; if it's about a reduction in fines or prison time for an individual, use "plea deal" or "plea bargain". If you are citing an English source, and it uses the "wrong" term, consider adding an explanatory note following the citation, to explain the situation.

...documents and testimony obtained through delação premiada (plea-bargained investigative cooperation).


 * Delegacia especializada     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * literally, "specialized precincts" (of the police).
 * "District precincts" (delegacias distritais) of the police department cover the normal types of criminal activity that are local to their area. But with the rise of organized crime and gangs that operate over a wider area, a new type of police precinct or station developed that is tied not to a particular locale, but rather to a particular sphere of activity. Some of these specialized precincts are those devoted to narcotics, cybercrime, chid protection and others. Some precincts specialize in women's issues, seniors, homicide, the environment, and more. See pt:Delegacia.


 * Delegado
 * member of the police force whose role combines aspects of that of a sheriff and a crown prosecutor. The delegado receives the ' (written report) at the end of a ' (police investigation). The delegado examines the report and decides whether or not to proceed with a prosecution of the suspect under investigation.


 * Delatar    Wiktionary small.svg      Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * to denounce [a crime]; to blow the whistle on. See .
 * Synonym: denunciar.


 * Delator     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * the person who denounces a crime; whistleblower. From Delatar, v. denounce.
 * Synonym: denunciante.


 * Delito     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Synonym: . wd crime: Q83267.


 * DEM    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * abbreviation for the political party known as the .


 * Democratas    Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * Brazilian political party with Liberal conservative policies, founded in 1985 under the name of Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal, PFL) from a splinter of the defunct .
 * abbreviation: DEM


 * Denúncia    Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * in criminal law, the act in which a representative of the ' (Public Prosecutor's Office) presents an accusation before the competent judicial authority in order to judge the ' or  described in the petition.
 * Cognate terms mean different things in other legal systems: in French law, Dénonciation is the term used when a citizen notifies authorities about a crime in which they are not the victim; (Plainte is the term used when they are themselves the victim).
 * In common law countries like the U.S. and U.K., the term denunciation is not used in the law. The closest legal parallel is indictment, which the public prosecutor may seek from a grand jury; in some jurisdictions, they may instead file an information (formal criminal charge) directly, which the accused can then challenge in a preliminary hearing before a judge.


 * Denunciação caluniosa     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * False accusation.


 * Departamento de Operações Estruturadas
 * Structured Operations Department at Odebrecht S.A.. Also known as the "bribery department". See .


 * Departamento Geral de Polícia Especializada
 * See .


 * Depoimento      Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * testimony; deposition; statement; interview; affidavit; talk
 * Usage:
 * depoimento pessoal – personal testimony
 * depoimento oral – oral testimony
 * depoimento de testemunhas – eyewitness testimony


 * Deputado    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * A member of the Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil


 * Desdobramento    Wiktionary small.svg
 * Literally, an "unfolding". In the context of Operation Car Wash, as in pt:Desdobramentos da Operação Lava Jato, it is an offshoot. (Also seen, less often, are spin-off or outgrowth.to represent desdobramentos in English sources about Operation Car Wash).  In the context of talking about one particular , already named, it can be translated simply as Operation.  Not to be confused with Operation Car Wash "phases" (fases'') which is a different breakdown of investigations, numbered and named, starting with phase 1 in March 2014.
 * Discussion about desdobramento can be found here.


 * Desembargador    Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * judge; Title given to justices in the courts of § second instance. Compare '. See Usage note at '.


 * Desvio      Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * Diversion, as in diversion of funds in '. See '.
 * Deviation, as in desvios do plano original – deviation from the original plan.
 * Embezzlement, as in O suspeito foi considerado culpado por desvio de verbas públicas. – The suspect was found guilty of embezzlement of public funds.
 * Others: abuse, irregularities.
 * Other contexts: "turn": Eu tomei o primeiro desvio à direita – I took the first turn on the right.


 * Determinação legal
 * Ordinance; legal ordinance. Ruling; determination; court order.
 * Usage in context:
 * em desacordo com determinação legal ou regulamentar... = "in disagreement with established legal or regulatory precedent"


 * Detran       Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * abbreviation for pt:Departamento Estadual de Trânsito ("State Transportation Department"). Each state has its own department, and the abbreviation is often seen with the state two-letter code following, such as Detran/PR for the Paraná department, and Detran-SC for Santa Catarina.


 * devido processo legal
 * due process of law. See also and.


 * DF     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Distrito Federal, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Brasília. See also: States of Brazil.


 * DGPE
 * abbreviation for .


 * Direito adjetivo
 * procedural law


 * Direito civil      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Civil law. That branch of law that deals with the rights and obligations of individuals and legal entities in their patrimonial, family relations and duties. Compare  (criminal law).


 * Direito material
 * See ''.


 * Direito penal    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Criminal law. Compare: .
 * Synonym: pt:Direito criminal.


 * Direito processual civil     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Civil procedural law. '. See '. Contrast ', '.


 * Direito processual penal      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Criminal procedural law. The ensemble of principles and norms which govern criminal prosecution ('). See '. Contrast ', '.


 * Direito substantivo     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * substantive law, laws governing how people are to behave in society. Synonym: Direito material. Contrast  (procedural law).


 * Diretoria de Abastecimento    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Supply Board ('Supply', or 'acquisition', or 'procurement'; and 'Board', or 'Directorate'). These can be present in government or commerce. In the Army, DAbst is the technical support body of the Comando Logístico ("Logistical Command" (COLOG); the acquisition and supply department) of the Brazilian Army. In the Navy, the Dabm (Diretoria de Abastecimento da Marinha) is the Navy Supply Board. In commerce, the Diretoria de Abastecimento might be rendered as the "Supply Directorate", or "Supply Board".


 * Diretório     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * The governing body of a political party, which usually includes representatives of all factions. Can be at national, state, or municipal level. Contrast '§ diretoria' (the "board"). Try "executive committee" in English (although it's not quite the same thing). "Directorate" seems to be something different. The Democratic National Committee is an example of one, in the U.S.


 * Distrito Federal    Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * The Federal District is the seat of government, and contains the capital city, Brasilia. (Analogous to the District of Columbia in the United States for Washington, D.C.) The Federal District is one of the 27 of Brazil.


 * Ditadura militar brasileira    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * The period of Military dictatorship in Brazil from 1964 to 1985. Followed by a period of reintroduction of democracy, and the writing of the § #Constitution in 1988.


 * Dólar-cabo    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * an illegal dollar wire transfer. A neologism in Portuguese; no stable English term has claimed primacy yet; several have been offered.
 * This is the practice of trading dollars in the § gray market for deposit in an institution abroad. This may or may not involve actual cross-border transfers of money. The practice is a crime under article 22 of Lei dos Crimes contra o Sistema Financeiro. It is often used in § money laundering schemes. Still a neologism in the Brazilian press, and often found inside double quotes, often with explanatory text following. In English, various calques and translations have been proposed, including "dollar-cable", "cable-dollar", and others, but usually very tentatively, and with double quotes.
 * International dollar trading can happen with no actual monies crossing borders. Instead, it operates like an interbank clearing house, where deposits are transferred within the U.S. and within Brazil, for equivalent values on behalf of two (or more) customers, facilitated by the doleiro and his counterpart abroad.
 * Example: Mr Silva, who lives in Brazil, wants to deposit the equivalent of USD $100,000 into his New York bank account. He contacts the Brazilian doleiro, who activates his intermediary, a U.S. resident. The intermediary fronts a deposit of USD $100,000 from his U.S. bank into Silva's NY account.  In turn, the American intermediary knows someone in the U.S. (Mr. Anderson) who wants to deposit the equivalent of US $100,000 in reals into his São Paulo account. The Brazilian doleiro provides the reals and deposits them into Anderson's São Paulo account as designated by the intermediary. No money traveled abroad. Anderson's dollars went from his U.S. bank to Silva's New York account via the U.S. go-between, fulfilling Silva's wish. Silva's reals went from his Brazilian bank to São Paulo via the doleiro, fulfilling Anderson's wish. There was no transfer of Brazilian funds into the U.S., or from the U.S. to Brazil.
 * See also .


 * Doleiro    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * money dealer; black-market money dealer; literally, "dollar-er" ("dollar-dealer"). Someone who buys and sells dollars on the § gray market. They also § transfer funds between countries on behalf of companies or individuals not authorized by the Central Bank of Brazil to perform exchange operations, or which are outside the official mechanisms of registration and control. While this may be legal in some contexts, in others it is an indicator of possible § money laundering or § tax evasion activities. In this context, a doleiro is someone who converts currencies without authorization, or beyond limits allowed by law. See also: .
 * Expressions:
 * doleiro dos doleiros – dealer of dealers


 * Dolo     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * "guilty mind", or the mental state or subjective intent (mens rea) of a perpetrator in committing a criminal offense. The resolve to violate the law, by action or omission, with full knowledge of the criminality of what is being done. It includes various forms of mental culpability, including:
 * dolo direto (direct intent), when the perpetrator intentionally commits an act with the specific purpose of achieving a certain result, knowing that it is prohibited by law.
 * dolo eventual (indirect intent, or conscious fault), when the perpetrator foresees the possibility that their actions may lead to a certain result, but hopes it will not occur and proceeds with the act anyway, demonstrating reckless disregard for the consequences.
 * dolo alternativo (transferred intent), when the perpetrator intends to commit one offense but ends up committing a different offense instead, yet their intent is still considered culpable. For example, intending to harm one person but inadvertently harming another.


 * Doloso     Wiktionary small.svg
 * in the context of crime: with malice or intent. See ', '. Contrast .
 * The OED records the adjective dolose with attestations to 1859, e.g., John Austin : "An act of forbearance or omission which is merely culpose (or not dolose) is not a crime or public delict." —Lectures on Jurisprudence (1879) vol. II. 1103.

E

 * Elemento subjetivo
 * subjective element; for example, whether an action was done with ' or '


 * Em dinheiro vivo      Wiktfavicon en.svg      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * in cash; money in the form of coins or paper banknotes. It literally means "in live money". It is similar to "".


 * Em espécie      Wiktfavicon en.svg      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * in cash; in money in the form of coins or paper banknotes. Contrast: in kind.
 * Usage note: espécie can mean "kind"; but [pagamento] em espécie means "[payment] in cash" and not "[payment] in kind". This expression is not only very frequently mistranslated by automatic translation, even some online dictionaries get it wrong. It means, "in cash".


 * Empresa de fachada    Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * a "front company", or "front organization"; or simply: a "front".


 * Empréstimo camarada
 * literally, "comrade loan", "buddy loan".
 * a loan made as part of an illegal or ethically questionable deal. Still sometimes seen as a neologism, and may be found with camarada in double quotes.


 * Empréstimo consignado
 * literally, "consigned loan". See . Not to be confused with "co-signed loan".


 * Enriquecimento ilícito  Flag of Brazil.svg
 * literally, "illicit enrichment" (compare es:Enriquecimiento ilícito).
 * an increase in personal wealth in such a short time without just cause or proper declaration to the competent body (such as Tax Authorities), arising out of illicit use or through influence peddling. In Brazil, illicit enrichment of civil servants was criminalized by the commission that drafted the Penal Code.


 * Ente
 * entity, body.
 * Expressions:
 * entes públicos – public bodies
 * entes federativos – federal entities
 * In other contexts: "person". (in this case, ente is almost never used as an isolated word, it is normally used along with the word "querido" (dear), forming the phrase "ente querido", which means "loved one").


 * ES     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Espírito Santo, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Vitória. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Estatal    Wiktionary small.svg     Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * In addition to its main use as an adjective meaning "state" or "government" at a national or federal level (e.g., auxílio estatal = state aid; agência estatal = state agency; serviço estatal = government service), it can also be used as a noun meaning a "state-owned company", or "government firm".
 * Examples:
 * um funcionário de uma grande estatal (an employee of big state-owned company)
 *  ...e assinou contrato com a Petrobras para a manutenção e operação de quatro embarcações da estatal, ("...and signed a contract with Petrobras for the maintenance and operation of four vessels of the government company.")
 * Usage note: English has only one adjective for this, state, whereas Portuguese has two; see also: 


 * Estadual    Wiktionary small.svg     Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * an adjective meaning "state" or "government" at a subnational level, referring to one of Brazil's (states). See also: 


 * Estelionato      Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * Estelionato ("confidence game") is the crime of obtaining for oneself or someone else an unlawful advantage (') to the detriment of others, by misleading someone by deception or any other fraudulent means. One of several crimes that are considered a "'". See  Article 171.
 * Estelionato has a secondary meaning of "phishing" in the context of e-mail spam.


 * Estruturação      Flag of Brazil.svg       Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * Structuring; smurfing. A § money laundering technique involving break-up of large sums into smaller amounts, in order to fly under the regulatory radar.


 * Euro-cabo
 * International currency transfers involving Euros, possibly for the purpose of § money laundering. See .


 * Evasão de divisas      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * capital flight; unreported remittance of currency; tax evasion.
 * a financial crime by which currency is sent abroad without being declared to the appropriate authorities.
 * Usage note: While "tax evasion" is also found as a translation, that is more of an underlying motivation for the actual concept, rather than the concept itself; a more direct translation of "tax evasion" itself is "evasão fiscais".
 * See also: '; '.

F

 * False accusation
 * pt:Denunciação caluniosa.


 * Falsidade ideológica    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * fraudulent misrepresentation. lit., "ideologically false"; often seen adjectivally as ideológicamente falso ("ideologically false"). This is a type of fraud involving inclusion of false information in an otherwise valid document. This is defined in article 299 of the § Penal code. Example: a doctor signs a certificate excusing someone from work who was not sick. The signature is real, the information in the document is false.
 * Contrast: .


 * Falsidade material
 * lit., "materially false"; this is a type of fraud involving creation of a phony document. Also seen adjectivally as materialmente falso ("materially false"). This is defined in article 299 of the Penal code. Example: an employee creates a false affidavit excusing them or someone from work who was not sick, and forges the doctor's signature.
 * Contrast: . The key difference between the two, is that where falsidade material describes a forgery, falsidade ideológica describes a real document with false information.


 * Falso testemunho
 * false witness; false testimony.
 * Synonym: falsa perícia) CPP 342. contrast:Perjúrio


 * Fases       Wiktionary small.svg      Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * Fases is a cognate of "phases" (singular: fase). In the context of pt:Fases da Operação Lava Jato, it still translates as "phases", but it takes on a particular meaning, in that the use of the word fases here contrasts with the use of s (offshoots) in the expression Desdobramentos da Operação Lava Jato. Individual investigations in Operation Car Wash that are launched by the investigative judges like Moro and others, are called "operations". The two terms fases and desdobramentos are both used to describe operations, but are used in contrast to each other to describe different sets of operations that don't overlap. Car Wash "phases" are numbered and have names, like, Phase 7, Final Judgment (2014), or pt:Phase 43, No Borders (2017). Car Wash "offshoots" (desdobramentos) just have names.
 * See also: .


 * Fato típico     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Fato típico is any ' of commission or omission that produces a result that is proscribed (') by the, and can be either a ' or a misdemeanor (').
 * According to , the fato típico consists of four elements:
 * the conduct of an individual (),
 * a result (resultado),
 * a causal connection between the two (), and
 * description or codification of the act as a punishable offense ().
 * If any of these is missing, there is no crime.
 * The fato típico is broken down further into two types of conduct, ' and ', depending on the degree of intent involved.
 * Usage note: There is no generally accepted term in English for fato típico; literal translations of this term as  or typical act are widespread but are always incorrect and should be ignored.


 * Federal Senate    Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * The upper house of the .


 * Federative units
 * See .


 * Finalista
 * one who espouses the originated by Hans Welzel.
 * finalismo: The essence of the Finalist theory.


 * First instance     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * see .


 * Fiscal pedaling    Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * a calque of the Portuguese term, .


 * Flagrante     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * English uses the Latin term: In flagrante delicto.
 * a legal term used to indicate that a criminal was caught while committing a crime; often in the expression em flagrante delito as in this example. ' Article 301. The more everyday term is '. The everyday English expression is caught red-handed.


 * Forensic investigation
 * pt:Ciência_forense. From en:R==> Forensic science.


 * Foro privilegiado     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Official name: O foro especial por prerrogativa de função. Foro privilegiado is the colloquial equivalent of this.
 * Context: "pessoas com foro privilegiado", as in this example from pt:Desdobramentos da Operação Lava Jato:
 * A operação focou a parte do esquema que repassava dinheiro só para o PMDB porque a parte do PT, não envolvendo pessoas com foro privilegiado, tramita na Justiça Federal do Paraná.
 * It is a method of determining a jurisdictional question, namely what venue has jurisdiction over certain high public officials in certain penal actions, based on their position or function. Normally, most people in Brazil, if accused of certain crimes, start off in lower courts and their cases may proceed to higher courts, under the law. For a limited subset of people, those with the foro privilegiado status, they start right off in the higher courts. The Brazilian Constitution specifies which officials according have "foro privilegiado", and the list includes the President of the Republic, Senators, Federal Deputies, State Deputies, ministers of State, Governors; and only while holding the office. See pt:foro especial por prerrogativa de função for details.
 * Too complex for a simple English translation, suggest using the original term in an interwiki link, and a follow-up explanatory note. See Offshoots of Operation Car Wash for an example.


 * Formação de quadrilha    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * gang formation; conspiracy; criminal conspiracy
 * expressions: acusados de formação de quadrilha – "accused of federal racketeering" (chiefly U.S. usage)
 * See .


 * Funcional
 * in common parlance, cognate to English "functional", but has two other senses:
 * an adjective for , a company employee or civil servant funcionário
 * a special sense, when combined with apartamento; see 

G

 * GO     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Goiás, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Goiânia. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Governo federal do Brasil     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * the Federal government of Brazil, divided into three branches: the § executive branch, headed by the ' and the cabinet; the § legislative, whose powers are vested by the ' in the ; and the § judiciary, whose powers are vested in the § Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts.

I

 * Ideológicamente falso
 * see .


 * Ilicitude    Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * state of being .
 * One of the three strucural elements of a .
 * Synonym of .


 * Ilícito
 * Unlawful.


 * Imperícia     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * malpractice; incompetence; unskillfulness.


 * Imprudência    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * Recklessness.


 * Imputabilidade     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * the capacity to be charged with a crime (not if minor, sick, forced etc.); prosecutable
 * See also: Culpabilidade §3, by Gustavo Octaviano Diniz Junqueira


 * Infração penal    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * any conduct specified by the law as illicit. Comprises two types: 's (felonies), and ' (misdemeanor). Compare .


 * Inimputabilidade
 * inability or incapacity to be charged with a crime; unprosecutable. See .


 * Inquérito
 * the written report produced at the end of a police investigation, and handed over to the .


 * Inquérito policial
 * Police investigation.


 * Instância    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * An instância is any of the three degrees of jurisdiction (grau de jurisdição) of a court in the judiciary branch. The first, or lowest level is the '; the appeals courts are the ', and at the highest level are the superior courts.


 * Instância extraordinária
 * There is no "extraordinary instance" of the § judiciary branch defined in the '. However, the ' is sometimes known informally as the "extraordinary instance", because it has jurisdiction over lower courts of the § first and § second instance.


 * Instância superior      Wiktionary small.svg
 * Of the three degrees of jurisdiction (grau de jurisdição) of courts in the judiciary branch, the highest level is made up of the four superior courts. They are: the ', ', ', '. They are the last resort of appeal of decisions made in appelate courts of the § second instance. Informally, since these courts (and the ') can review judgments made by lower courts of the ', the public sometimes calls the superior courts the  ("third instance").


 * Interposição dos recursos
 * lodge an appeal; bring proceedings; give notice of an appeal; file an appeal; seeking review
 * Usage note: prazos de interposição de recursos – deadline (or time limit) for seeking review (or for lodging an appeal)


 * Intimação     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * a ', '
 * A written communication issued by the competent authority to make someone aware of acts and terms of judicial or administrative proceedings. Sometimes also instructing the receiver on what to do and what not to do regarding the proceedings.


 * Intimação judicial
 * Summons.
 * notice (') of a judicial decision, such as judicial notification of a judgment for the purpose of establishing the time limit (') for lodging an appeal 

J

 * Juiz     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * judge; court; referee. A judge of the  § first instance.
 * expressions:
 * pt:juiz de paz: justice of the peace.
 * juiz de instrução: investigative judge; examining magistrate.
 * Usage note: it's a peculiarity of Brazilian terminology surrounding judgeships, that judges in courts of different degrees or levels (grau de jurisdição) are known by different honorific titles, depending on what level they are in the hierarchy of the § judicial branch. The term juiz is used for judges of the § first instance. See also: ', '.


 * Juiz eleitoral       Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Judges who rule in cases involving electoral law (Direito Eleitoral) and part of the electoral justice system (pt:Justiça Eleitoral do Brasil) in courts of the § first instance.


 * Juiz federal      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * a judge in the federal justice system who prosecutes and judges cases in federal court. A juiz federal is a judge of the § first instance in the .


 * Juíza    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * judge (female).


 * Juizado    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * court. See .


 * Juízo    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * judgment. See .


 * Juiz relator    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * a reporting judge, similar to a juge rapporteur in French civil law, or a Judge-Rapporteur in the European Union. They set forth the arguments of the parties, specify the questions of fact and of law raised in the dispute, list the evidence, and write a report for the presiding judges on the case, and may perform other functions as prescribed by law.


 * Julgado    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * tried; sentenced. See .


 * Julgamento     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * judgment; trial; verdict; sentencing.

K

 * Kickback     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * a form of negotiated bribery in which a commission is paid to the bribe-taker in exchange for services rendered. Generally speaking, the remuneration (money, goods, or services) is negotiated ahead of time. The kickback varies from other kinds of bribery in that there is implied collusion between the two parties, rather than one party extorting the bribe from the other.
 * See ', '.

L

 * Laranja    Wiktionary small.svg
 * (slang) a middleman whose name is used in corrupt transactions. This slang term is sufficiently new or not yet established that Brazilian media sometimes place it between double quotes.
 * Other contexts: the standard, non-slang meaning is "orange".


 * Lavagem de ativos
 * synonym for Lavagem de dinheiro ("money laundering").


 * Legal process    Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * any formal notice or writ by a court obtaining jurisdiction over a person or property. Common forms of process include a summons, subpoena, Mandate, and warrant. Process normally takes effect by serving it on a person, arresting a person, posting it on real property, or seizing personal property.
 * Contrast pt:Processo judicial, which is not a "Legal process"; it is closer to Legal proceeding.
 * Usage note: this is one of those cases where a word is used differently in a legal context than in standard English; the "process" here is not the procedure of carrying out the delivery of a warrant as one might expect; the "process" is the set of paper documents themselves. When you "serve process", you hand documents to someone. A "process server" is an official who "serves" (delivers, hands over) papers to someone.


 * Lei anticorrupção     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * aliases: Lei da Empresa Limpa; Lei Nº 12.846/2013
 * Anti-corruption law which took effect in 2014.  This law targets companies doing business in Brazil, and provides for reductions in penalties of up to 2/3 of what would otherwise be imposed and other benefits, in return for self-disclosure about corrupt activities. This law applies to corporate entities only, not employees or other individuals; the latter are covered under plea bargain agreements.


 * Leniency agreement     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * see .
 * see .

M

 * MA     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Maranhão, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: São Luís. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Mandado
 * Warrant. There are various types, named after their content, including Mandado de Citação (for ', Mandado de Intimação ('), Mandado de Intimação e Citação, Mandado de Penhora etc.


 * Mandado de busca    Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * a search warrant.
 * Aliases: 
 * A search warrant, or search and seizure warrant (which are legally synonymous in Brazil), is a court order that a magistrate or judge issues to authorize police officers to conduct a search of a person, place or vehicle for evidence of a crime and confiscate any evidence they find. In most countries, a search warrant cannot be issued in aid of civil proceedings.


 * Mandado de busca e apreensão      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * a search warrant. Literally, "search and seizure warrant". All search warrants include the possibility of confiscation of items, so there is no distinction between the two. See , for which this is a redirect.


 * Mandado de prisão      Flag of Brazil.svg       Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * an arrest warrant. Codified under article 225 of the . Ordered by a judge, and with specific information appearing on it.


 * Mandado de prisão preventiva
 * a mandate; see § Prisão preventiva.


 * Mandado de prisão temporária
 * a mandate; see .


 * Mandado de segurança      Flag of Brazil.svg        Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * a writ of security for protection of individual rights, defined in article 5, item LXIX of the . Similar to a writ of amparo or a writ of mandamus.


 * Mandado judicial         Flag of Brazil.svg
 * a court order; judicial mandate; court warrant; warrant;


 * Materialmente falso
 * see 


 * MC
 * abbreviation for .


 * MDB
 * abbreviation for pt:Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (1980); in English: Brazilian Democratic Movement.
 * A centrist political party; formerly called the .


 * MDIC
 * abbreviation for .


 * ME
 * abbreviation for .

{{term||2={{Vanchor||{{lang|pt|Medida provisória}} {{anchor|medida provisória|medida provisoria}}}} {{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see pt:Medida provisória; Provisional measure}}}} literally, "provisional measure". Legal acts that have immediate effects and a fixed duration which can be issued by the president of Brazil in "important and urgent situations" according to article 62 of the {{gli|Constitution}}. The acts must be approved by the National Congress in order to become a proper law. Usually abbreviated MP in Portuguese. }}
 * {{Vanchor|Mensalão|Mensalao|Mensaleiro}}     Wiktionary small.svg
 * 2005 neologism meaning a monthly payment to Congress members in return for supporting government policy
 * derived forms:
 * pt:wikt:mensaleiro{{snd}}someone who received/receives a {{lang|pt|mensalão}} (also adj.)


 * {{Vanchor|Mercado cinza}}     Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * Grey market.
 * the trade of goods through distribution channels that, while legal, are unofficial, unauthorized, or not intended by the original manufacturer. The most common type of gray market is the sale of imported goods brought in by small import companies or distributors not authorized by the manufacturer that would otherwise be more expensive in the country and are being {{clarify|text=legally imported with tax collection|reason=with, or without, tax collection? |post-text=See pt:Mercado cinza.}} A typical example is prescription drugs imported by a rich nation from nearby countries where the price is cheaper.
 * Compare: {{slink||Economia cinza}}, {{slink||Black market}}.


 * {{Vanchor|Mercado paralelo}}     Flag of Brazil.svg       Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * See {{slink||Mercado cinza}}.


 * {{Vanchor|MF}}
 * abbreviation for {{slink||Ministério da Fazenda (Brasil)}}.


 * {{Vanchor|MG}}     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Minas Gerais, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Belo Horizonte. See also: States of Brazil.


 * {{Vanchor|Ministério das Comunicações|Ministerio das Comunicacoes}}   Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * The Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (Brazil). A defunct cabinet level Ministry in Brazil.


 * {{Vanchor|Ministério da Economia|Ministerio da Economia}}     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * The Ministry of the Economy in Brazil (full name Secretaria Especial da Receita Federal do Brasil). This Ministry was created in 2019 under Bolsonaro from four previous agencies ({{slink||MF}}, {{slink||MP}}, {{slink||MDIC}} and {{slink||MT}}) and is responsible for the formulation and execution of national economic policy through multiple agencies, including the National Treasury, and the departments of Finance, Planning, Taxation, Foreign Trade, and others.


 * {{Vanchor|Ministério do Planejamento|Ministerio do Planejamento}}   Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * A former Brazil governmental ministry (full name: pt:Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão) responsible for planning, administration, audit, and other functions. Dissolved January 2019.


 * {{Vanchor|Ministério da Previdência social|Ministerio da Previdencia social}}   Flag of Brazil.svg
 * See {{slink||Previdência social}} (social security).


 * {{Vanchor|Ministro}}     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * 1) a Minister of State; a cabinet minister. Officially, "Minister of State" ({{lang|pt|Ministro do Estado}}). The top executive of any one of the 24 ministries in the § executive branch.
 * 2) a judge of one of the high courts is honored by the title of "minister", even though they are judges. Compare: {{slink||Juiz}}, {{slink||Desembargador}}. See Usage note at {{slink||Juiz}}.


 * {{Vanchor|Misdemeanor}}      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * {{slink||Contravenção}}.


 * {{Vanchor|MP}}
 * abbreviation for § #Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão.


 * {{Vanchor|MPF}}     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * an abbreviation for pt:Ministério Público Federal ({{slink||Federal Public Ministry}}); redirects from pt:Procuradoria da república; part of the Ministério Público da União (MPU).


 * {{Vanchor|MPU}}     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * is pt:Ministério Público da União made up of the military, labor, capital territory, and MPF, the MPU is subordinate to the pt:Ministério Público do Brasil; headed by the pt:Procurador-Geral da República, appointed by the President.


 * Some items connected to MPF or MPU, either higher or lower on the admin hierarchy, that haven't been untangled yet:


 * pt:Ministério Público no Brasil = Brazilian Federal Prosecution Office ==> Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil)
 * pt:Ministério Público da União
 * pt:Procuradoria da República em Goiás =R=> pt:Ministério Público Federal = Federal Public Ministry ==> Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil)
 * Ministério Público (Brazil) ==> Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil)


 * {{Vanchor|MS}}     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Mato Grosso do Sul, one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: Campo Grande. See also: States of Brazil.


 * {{Vanchor|MT}}     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * 1. standard two-letter abbreviation for Mato Grosso, one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: Cuiabá. See also: States of Brazil.
 * 2. an abbreviation for the {{slink||Ministério do Trabalho}}.

N

 * National Congress     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg       Flag of Brazil.svg


 * Negligência
 * the act of omitting or forgetting something that should have been said or done in order to avoid causing injury (') or damage (') to others. See ''.


 * Nexo de causalidade     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg      Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * Causation, cause and effect; the connection that exists and can be substantiated between the action taken by the individual and the result of the act; one of the four elements of .


 * Nota fiscal  Flag of Brazil.svg
 * a receipt or invoice.


 * Notas frias     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * or, Notas fiscais frias, are fake receipts (§ notas fiscais falsas) which are for a service that was never actually performed or which was provided by a non-existent company, or by people who appropriate blank receipt forms belonging to firms that have closed down or are inactive.

O

 * Offshore     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Wiktfavicon en.svg      Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * a Portuguese loanword from English. A Brazilian definition is "a company that does its accounting in a country other than the one(s) where it operates."


 * Organização criminosa     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Organized crime. See also ', '.

P

 * PA     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Pará, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Belém. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Pagamento de vantagem indevida
 * literally, "payment of unfair or unjustified advantage". The active partner in "'§ vantagem indevida'". A form of ' ("active corruption"). See '.


 * Paraíso fiscal     Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * lit., "fiscal paradise: a Tax haven.


 * Parliamentary Inquiry Commission
 * See .


 * Parte ré
 * See .


 * Partido da República    Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * abbreviation: PR
 * the Party of the Republic is a Brazilian political party, now known as the  (PL).


 * Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * the Brazilian Social Democracy Party is a political party of the center, founded in 1988 by Mario Covas. Known in Brazil by the initials PSDB.


 * Partido Democrático Social    Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * abbreviation: PDS
 * the Democratic Social Party is a former conservative Brazilian political party, 1979–1993.


 * Partido Democrático Trabalhista      Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * abbreviation: PDT
 * The Democratic Labour Party (Portuguese: Partido Democrático Trabalhista, PDT) is a social democratic and democratic socialist political party in Brazil.


 * Partido dos Trabalhadores      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * abbreviation: PT.
 * the Workers' Party is a social democratic political party founded in 1980. Recent Presidents Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff are from the PT.


 * Partido Liberal    Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * abbreviation: PL
 * the Liberal Party is a Brazilian liberal conservative political party. Formerly known as .


 * Partido Progressista      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * alias for the  political party.


 * Partido Republicano Brasileiro     Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * abbreviation: PRB
 * the Brazilian Republican Party is a political party. It changed name in 2019 and is now known as the .


 * Partido Socialista Brasileiro     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * the Brazilian Socialist Party is a democratic-socialist political party.


 * Partido Social Cristão     Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * abbreviation: PSC
 * the Social Christian Party was a conservative political party in Brazil. Founded in 1985 as a Christian democratic party. The party supported Fernando Collor de Mello in the presidential election of 1989. President Jair Bolsonaro is a former member of the party.


 * Partido Social Liberal     Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * abbreviation: PSL
 * the Social Liberal Party is a conservative political party in Brazil. Founded in 1994 as a  social liberal party. In January 2018, former Social Christian politician Jair Bolsonaro joined the party and later converted it into an economically liberal, nationalist, radically anti-communist and social conservative party. The original name remained after the ideological shift.


 * Partido Trabalhista Cristão     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * the Christian Labour Party is a liberal-conservative political party in Brazil. President Fernando Collor de Mello was from the PTC, as it is usually known.


 * PB     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Paraíba, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: João Pessoa. See also: States of Brazil.


 * PDS
 * abbreviation for the Partido Democrático Social.


 * PDT
 * abbreviation for .


 * PE     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Pernambuco, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Recife. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Peculato   Flag of Brazil.svg
 * literally, "embezzlement". There are other words in Portuguese that are commonly used to mean embezzlement more generally, including desvio (diversion), malversação (misappropriation), desfalque (embezzlement), and others. The term peculato is used specifically to mean embezzlement by a public official in an abuse of public trust for their own benefit or someone else's.  It is one of several crimes that is considered a "§ crime against public administration". It is governed by  Article 312.


 * Pedalada fiscal     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * synonym: Pedaladas.
 * in English: "Fiscal pedaling"; a governmental creative accounting technique involving the use of state-owned banks to front funds required for paying general government obligations without officially declaring a loan, thus hiding these transfers from public scrutiny and delaying repayment from the Treasury to these banks. As such it is a kind of overdraft implying a positive balance sheet that does not really exist.


 * Pedetista     Wiktionary small.svg
 * noun: a person belonging to the ' ('); from the Portuguese pronunciation of the initialism, + suffix -ista (#1).
 * adj: of or pertaining to the 


 * Pego em flagrante
 * "caught in the act". See .


 * Peita    Wiktionary small.svg
 * See .


 * Penal code  Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Brazil's penal code, established in 1940. Abbreviated CP in Portuguese.


 * Penitenciária    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * a Prison.
 * Also: presídio, claustro, clausura, cadeia, cárcere, or .


 * Perícia     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * a forensic investigation?
 * a análise técnica de uma situação, fato ou estado redigida por um especialista numa determinada disciplina, o perito. É um exame realizado por profissional especialista, legalmente habilitado, destinado a verificar ou esclarecer determinado fato, apurar as causas motivadoras do mesmo, ou o estado, a alegação de direitos, ou a estimação da coisa que é objeto de litígio ou processo.


 * Perjurio     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Perjury.
 * o ato intencional de prestar um juramento falso ou violação do juramento, falada ou por escrito, sobre assuntos relevantes a um procedimento oficial CPP 342.
 * Compare: conhecido como "falso testemunho" em CPP


 * Petista     Wiktfavicon en.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * a member or supporter of the  (Workers Party)


 * Petrolão    Wiktionary small.svg
 * a 2014 neologism which means "big oil", and grew out of the Operation Car Wash scandal. It's a portmanteau word made up of petróleo ("oil") and  ("monthly payment").


 * PF      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * abbreviation for "Policia Federal"; see 


 * PGR
 * abbreviation for .


 * PI     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Piauí, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Teresina. See also: States of Brazil.


 * PL
 * abbreviation for .


 * Plea bargain
 * No exact equivalent in Brazilian law, but similar to both ', which applies only to a natural person, and ', which applies only to juridical persons (business entities, not people); and often, somewhat confusingly, used as a translation in the English press for either one. See the Usage note at .


 * PMDB     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * abbreviation for Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro. See .
 * pt:Wikcionário has an entry for PMDB.


 * Poder executivo    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * The executive branch of government; one of the three branches (ramos) of the Brazilian government. The top official(s) of the executive branch fulfill two roles: that of head of state (President, King, Prince, etc.), and in a parliamentary system, head of government (Chancellor, Prime Minister, Minister of State, Secretary General, etc.)


 * Poder judiciário    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * lit. "Judicial power" (or "authority"); the judicial branch. One of the three branches of government, according to the '. The judiciary branch is based on three degrees of jurisdiction (grau de jurisdição).  It is made up of 5 things: 1. ' (STF), 2. ' (STJ), 3. ' (TRF) (Federal Regional Courts), and ' (§ juízes federais), 4. military judges and  tribunals, and 5. tribunals and judges of the states, the ', and the territories.  See .


 * Poder legislativo    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * legislative branch (lit. "legislative power"; legislative authority). One of the three branches of § government ordained in article 1 of the , consisting of the National Congress, is exercised by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Each state of the Union is represented by three Senators of the Republic, elected by majority vote, and the seats in the Chamber of Deputies are divided according to the population of each state, and the deputies elected by proportional vote.


 * Poder público    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * the ensemble of state institutions with authority to carry out the affairs of State; the three branches of government: ', ', .
 * Usage note: in the plural, it may have a different meaning:
 * poderes públicos – public authorities, official authority; similar to the non-specific sense of "the authorities" in English.


 * Policia especializada
 * See .


 * PP
 * abbreviation for .


 * Polícia Federal do Brasil     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * pt:Polícia Federal do Brasil = Federal Police of Brazil.


 * PR     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * 1. standard two-letter abbreviation for Paraná (state), one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Curitiba. See also: States of Brazil.
 * 2. : abbreviation for .


 * PRB
 * abbreviation for .


 * Precatório
 * A writ of payment; a payment request issued by the judiciary to a governmental entity like a state, a municipality, or the Union itself, as a result of a court judgment against them. After winning a case against the government (), the plaintiff, who can be a physical or juridical person, becomes the holder of a certificate named the "Precatório", which is a judicial recognition of a debt that the public entity owes to the plaintiff in the suit. Conditions of payment are covered by the Constitution. This places the government in the position of being a judgment debtor. There are two types of precatório, called alimentar and  comun:
 * There is no established term in English for precatório. Some options seen are: writs of payment, special judicial order payment, writs of payment of government debt, certificates of judgment debt. Some expressions using it are:
 * o pagamento de precatórios – court-ordered debt
 * pagamento de precatórios – payment of special judicial orders
 * o uso de precatórios para abater a dívida – the use of writ to offset the debts
 * Note: a law of the State of Rio de Janeiro gave debtor municipalities ten years to pay precatório debts.
 * Other contexts: the term precatory in English is a false friend; the English word has to do with wills and testaments. It is not a valid translation of precatório.


 * Precatório alimentar
 * a type of ' which is related to judicial decisions on pensions, salaries, retirements and indemnities for death and disability. These are writs of payment for damage to an individuals income stream. See '.


 * Precatório comun
 * a type of ' which is related judicial decisions not considered a ', such as expropriations and taxes. Other types of compensation can also become a Precatório comun. See .


 * Presidente do Brasil       Flag of Brazil.svg
 * President of Brazil. As of 1 Jan 2019: Jair Bolsonaro. Others: see List of presidents of Brazil.


 * Presídio     Wiktionary small.svg
 * See .


 * Presunção da inocência       Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * Presumption of innocence. A right guaranteed by the Constitution that no one will be considered guilty until a final verdict is reached. The principle holds true throughout the entire criminal procedure, and extends to appeals, if any.


 * Preventive detention
 * See '. Compare '.


 * Previdência social  Flag of Brazil.svg
 * a type of public insurance program that offers protection against various economic risks (eg loss of income due to illness, old age or unemployment), with mandatory participation. It's considered a type of social security, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously. See .


 * Primeira instância
 * The first, or lowest level of the three degrees of jurisdiction (grau de jurisdição) in the  (judiciary branch). These include Federal judge#Brazil (Juiz federal),
 * See .


 * Princípio do contraditório e ampla defesa     Flag of Brazil.svg       Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * Literally, the "principle of adversarial proceedings and full defense", known in English by the Latin phrase audi alteram partem meaning "hearing the other side". A fundamental principle of justice in most legal systems, it is the principle that no person should be judged without a fair hearing in which each party is given the opportunity to respond to the evidence against them.


 * Principio da legalidade     Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * The Principle of legality is one of the most important doctrines in criminal law. It is accepted and codified in modern democratic states as a basic requirement of the rule of law. In Brazil, it is is enshrined in the Constitution in Article 5, which states that "No one shall be compelled to do or refrain from doing anything except by law".


 * Prisão  Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * Arrest; jail; prison; imprisonment.
 * In the sense of "arrest", it comes in three forms (modalidades) in Brazil: § flagrante, § temporária or § preventiva.
 * Contrast: .


 * Prisão domiciliar
 * House arrest


 * Prisão em flagrante
 * see § Flagrante


 * Prisão preventiva     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * pt:Prisão preventiva roughly = Preventive detention, but not exact equivalents.
 * Prisão preventiva is a pre-trial, precautionary detention defined by  §311–316. Not to be confused with § post-trial sentencing.
 * The English preventive detention is broader in scope; the Portuguese one may be more like pre-trial .


 * Prisão temporária     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * uma espécie de prisão cautelar, sendo instrumental para a apuração de um crime grave.
 * "temporary pre-trial detention". In Brazil, a 1989 law following the , replacing the former prisão por averiguação (investigatory detention) which was found to be contrary to fundamental rights under the 1988 charter. Only used in certain high crimes where it might impede the investigation if the subject were not detained, and where they have no fixed address or their identity cannot be established.


 * Prisão em segunda instância     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * arrest after being convicted by the second degree of jurisdiction. (this type of arrest was allowed by a 2016 Supreme Federal Court decision, in 2019 the decision was overturned).


 * Prison
 * See .


 * Prisões en flagrante
 * plural for .


 * Processo     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * alias: pt:Processo judicial
 * '. See '.


 * Processo judicial      Flag of Brazil.svg       Wiktionary small.svg
 * Legal process.


 * Procurador-Geral da República     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * nominated by the ', and responsible for the '


 * Procuradoria da república     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * pt:Procuradoria da república ==> pt:Ministério Público Federal
 * pt:Procuradoria Geral da República ==> pt:Ministério Público
 * pt:Procurador-Geral da República (Brasil) = Prosecutor General of the Republic (Brazil)


 * Progressistas    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * or Partido Progressista (Brasil), (Progressive Party (Brazil)), is a center-right party in Brazil; the 4th largest party.


 * Propina  Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * synonym for ' ("bribe"). Note that while propina is generally a "bribe" (Brazil only), English has a narrower term, kickback, which pertains to some forms of bribery and not others. See ', . See also: fee-splitting.
 * In other contexts: a fee; a tip (as in a restaurant).


 * Prova     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Evidence (law).
 * todo meio destinado a convencer o juiz, seu destinatário, a respeito da verdade de um fato levado a julgamento.


 * PSB
 * abbreviation for .


 * PSC
 * abbreviation for . Social Christian Party (Brazil)


 * PSDB
 * abbreviation for .


 * PSL
 * abbreviation for .


 * PT
 * abbreviation for .


 * PTC
 * abbreviation for  (Christian Labour Party).

Q

 * Quadrilha    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * criminal gang; criminal association; criminal conspiracy
 * synonyms: bando; '; ', gangue; (from English: gang).
 * see 


 * Quadrilhão    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Quadrilhão is a neologism (in this sense) used by the Federal Police and Attorney General Rodrigo Janot, and picked up by the Brazilian press to refer to alleged criminal organizations inside the ' and the '. The suffix is an augmentative derived from , so literally would mean, "big criminal gang", "large criminal conspiracy", etc.
 * In other contexts: a quadrillion (1000 trillions).


 * Querelante
 * plaintiff, complainant, complaining party. See ', ', ', '.
 * In other contexts: pt:wikt:querelante

R

 * Recebimento de vantagem indevida   Flag of Brazil.svg
 * literally, "receipt of unfair or unjustified advantage". The receiver, or passive partner, in '. A form of § passive corruption. See '.


 * Receita Federal   Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * Department of Federal Revenue of Brazil.
 * traditional name: Receita Federal do Brasil. A Brazilian governmental agency responsible for taxes, customs control, and combating smuggling, embezzlement, counterfeiting, and illegal traffic in drugs, weapons and animals. This would be similar to an agency roughly combining the functions of the IRS and ATF. Formerly part of the Finance Ministry, and since January 2019, part of the new Economic Ministry () under Bolsonaro.


 * Recurso      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * An appeal. An instrument to request alteration of a prior court decision to a court of the same or higher § instance, on the same case.
 * Expressions:
 * entrar com um recurso: file an appeal
 * de recurso: appellate
 * recursos: funds; e.g., desvio de recursos – diversion of funds
 * Other contexts: outside of law, the primary meanings of recurso are "resource", "feature", "asset".


 * Relator    Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * abbreviation or short form for .


 * Remand     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * Remand (also known as "pre-trial detention" or "provisional detention") is the process of detaining a person who has been arrested and charged with an offense until their trial.
 * See .


 * Reprovável
 * punishable, prosecutable
 * In non-legal contexts: reprehensible, reproached, reproved, objectionable.


 * Republicanos      Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * A Brazilian political party of the right founded in 2003. Formerly known as the Partido Republicano Brasileiro (PRB), and before that, as the Partido Municipalista Renovador (PMR).


 * Réu     Wiktionary small.svg
 * defendant, respondent, or accused person in a civil suit.
 * See also ', '.
 * Expressions: parte ré: defendant ("defending/responding party")


 * RJ     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Rio de Janeiro State, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Rio de Janeiro. See also: States of Brazil.


 * RN     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Rio Grande do Norte, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Natal. See also: States of Brazil.


 * RO     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Rondônia, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Porto Velho. See also: States of Brazil.


 * RR     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Roraima, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Boa Vista. See also: States of Brazil.


 * RS     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Rio Grande do Sul, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Porto Alegre. See also: States of Brazil.

S

 * SC     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Santa Catarina (state), one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Florianópolis. See also: States of Brazil.


 * SE     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Sergipe, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Aracaju. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Seap
 * Abbreviation for .


 * Search warrant     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * pt:Mandado de busca.


 * Search and seizure warrant      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Flag of Brazil.svg


 * Secretaria de Estado de Administração Penitenciária     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * State Secretariat of Penitentiary Administration. One of the secretariats of the Rio de Janeiro State Government. Created in 2003, it is the institution responsible for the penitentiary and prison system in the State of Rio de Janeiro.


 * Segunda instância     Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * The middle level of the three degrees of jurisdiction (grau de jurisdição) in the ' (judiciary branch). A court of second instance is analogous to an appeal court or appellate court in Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence. See '.


 * Sentença     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * o julgamento do litígio
 * Sentence_(law)


 * Sequestro
 * Normally: kidnapping, when it has to do with a person. But not for other expressions, such as:
 * sequestro de imóveis – seizure of real estate


 * Service of process     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * A formal presentation of court documents (called "process" in English) to a defendant. See .


 * Setor de Operações Estruturais
 * Odebrecht's Structured Operations Division, which handled bribery and kickbacks.
 * Synonym: Departamento de Operações Estruturadas
 * see 


 * Setor de propina
 * lit., "bribery section", or "bribery department". This is a slang term or nickname for Odebrecht S.A.'s Structured Operations Division (Setor de Operações Estruturais), because it was that department within the company that was responsible for managing and paying kickbacks and bribes.
 * There isn't sufficient usage in English sources to have settled on one term for it, but "bribery department" is present in a BBC report.


 * Sistema acusatório    Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * The accusatorial or adversarial system is one of the three systems of criminal procedure. In the accusatory system, there is a clear separation between those carrying out the prosecution, the defense, and judgment. Because the prosecution has the initiative in launching proceedings, the defense has the right to be heard last. Provision of evidence is the responsibility of both parties. The functions of prosecution, defense, and judgment are carried out by different individuals. The principle of adversarial proceedings and full defense (''), going back to the Magna Carta is very important in this system, and is grounded in Article 5, section LV of the Constitution. Contrast ', '.
 * The adversarial system is the one used in Brazil. There is some contention about this point, with some claiming Brazil has a hybrid system ().


 * Sistema inquisitório
 * Inquisitorial system; one of the three systems of criminal procedure. Prosecution, defense, and judgment are carried out by the same person.


 * Sistema misto
 * Hybrid system. A legal system of criminal procedure consisting of elements of both the adversarial (') and the inquisitorial systems ('). In this system, there is one judge in the pre-trial investigation phase, and another during the trial phase. Even when considered a pure, adversarial system, there are some specific cases where the judge can provide evidence, or call witnesses (the ).
 * Synonyms: sistema francesa, Inquisitivo Mitigado, and Garantista.


 * Sítio de Atibaia
 * lit., "the Atibaia site". known in English as the "Atibaia case" or "Atibaia site", and other terms. The property is known as the "ranch", the "house", the "farmhouse", the "case", the "site case", etc.
 * in Portuguese, sometimes "sítio Santa Bárbara". "O sítio de Atibaia" is the name given by the press to a property in Atibaia, a town in the interior of São Paulo state, which was central to the second condemnation of President Lula in Operation Car Wash, which increased his sentence from 13 to 17 years. The formal owner of the property was Fernando Bittar, ex-colleague of Fábio Luís Lula da Silva, or "Lulinha", son of Lula. It was seized by the judge as part of Lula's sentence.


 * SP     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for São Paulo, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: São Paulo (state). See also: States of Brazil.


 * STF     Flag of Brazil.svg       Wiktionary small.svg
 * abbreviation for .


 * STJ     Flag of Brazil.svg       Wiktionary small.svg
 * abbreviation for .


 * Suborno    Flag of Brazil.svg       Wiktionary small.svg
 * A type of corruption () in which an offer, payment or promise is made to a public official in exchange for economic or other favors that benefit the corruptor.
 * In Brazil, the term  is used as a synonym. Corrupção is sometimes also used as a synonym, although it is broader; other terms seen include: aliciamento, compra, bola, peita,  feita.
 * In Brazil, the term  is used as a synonym. Corrupção is sometimes also used as a synonym, although it is broader; other terms seen include: aliciamento, compra, bola, peita,  feita.


 * Subpoena     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * (no pt equiv)
 * (no pt equiv)


 * Summary offence     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * a crime in some common law jurisdictions that can be proceeded against summarily, without the right to a jury trial and/or indictment


 * Summons     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg     Wiktfavicon en.svg
 * pt:Intimação
 * see also: "serve" a summons, or other writ


 * Superior Tribunal de Justiça     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Superior Court of Justice (Brazil), also known as the STJ. The highest appellate court in Brazil for non-constitutional questions of federal law. Justices in STJ (as in other Superior Courts) are called "ministers" not "justices"; not to be confused however with ministers from the executive branch.


 * Superfaturamento      Flag of Brazil.svg       Wiktionary small.svg
 * Invoice-padding. Can be a form of fraud involving kickback payments.


 * Supremo Tribunal Federal      Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * the Supreme Federal Court; the highest Court in Brazil. Abbreviated  in Portuguese.


 * Suspeição      Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * lit., "suspicion". The situation in which a public official (especially a magistrate) has a "subjective relationship" (i.e. friendship, grievances, debt etc.) with any of the parties, and thus must abstain from taking part in the trial in order to preserve impartiality. See ' Article 254 and ' Article 145.

T

 * TCE
 * an abbreviation for .


 * TCE-RJ      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * an abbreviation for 


 * TCU
 * an abbreviation for .


 * Teoria causalista
 * A legal theory of criminal law by Franz Von Liszt that...

(also called (natural, classic, causal, or mechanistic) consists of an action of commission or omission that modifies something in the outside world.


 * Teoria do Assentimento
 * Theory of Consent (also: Assumption of risk theory) – one of the (teorias de dolo); it says that there is conscious fault  when a person foresees a result as possible, but accepts the risk and continues along that path anyway.


 * Teoria da Representação
 * The Theory of representation – one of the (teorias de dolo); it says that recognition of intent depends only on the foreseeability of the result. It leaves out the volitional aspect, thus is indifferennt to whether the perpetrator wished for the result or took the risk of producing it. It is enough that the result was foreseen by the agent. Because it does not distinguish between intent and conscious guilt, this theory was not accepted or included in article 18 of the  as a basis for what is considered to be intentional (') or negligent crime (').


 * Teorias de conduta
 * The conceptualization of ' varies depending on the theory one employs relating to one of the elements of fato típico, namely, conduct. Regardless what type of crime it is, it can only be exteriorized in the natural world through action. the theory of conduct or action. In criminal law, there are three main theories: ' (natural, or classic theory, causal, or mechanistic), ', and '.


 * Teorias de dolo
 * Theories of fault ('). These have to do with the subjective element of the intent of the accused, and how they relate to Brazilian law. These concepts are fundamental principles that pertain to the mental state or intent of the perpetrator in committing a criminal offense. These theories include: the Theory of Will ('), the Theory of Consent ('), both of which are reflected in the Article 18.1, and the Theory of Representation (') which is not part of the code.


 * Teoria da Vontade     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * The "theory of will", also known as the subjective theory of culpability, focuses on the mental state or subjective intentions of the individual at the time of committing the crime. According to this theory, criminal liability is based on the individual's willful decision to engage in prohibited conduct or to bring about a prohibited result. In other words, the perpetrator must have acted with intent or knowledge of their actions, as well as awareness of the unlawfulness of those actions, to be held criminally responsible.


 * Teoria finalista     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * In criminal law, a theory of human conduct by German legal philosopher Hans Welzel that is an analytical understanding of human actions as directed toward some purpose, desired goal or end. This removes ' (intent) and ' (guilt) from ' (culpability) and brings them into ', contrary to the '. In German: Finale Handlungslehre. Contrast: '.


 * Terceira instância
 * literally, "third instance" (see '). There is no third instance of the § judiciary branch defined in the '. However, the § Superior Tribunals are sometimes known informally as the "third instance", because decisions taken by tribunals of the § first and § second instances can be reviewed by § superior courts. See also .


 * Testemunha     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * a witness


 * Testimonio     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * testimony.


 * Tipicidade penal     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * a fundamental principle that states that an act is only considered a crime if it fits the ' (specific description) outlined in the law. In other words, for an action to be deemed criminal, it must be described as such by the law (the penal code or specific statutes) and meet all the elements required for that offense. Contrast with '.


 * Tipificação
 * an action of the legislator [to describe a crime in the code]; criminal acts are individually defined and the corresponding penalty is set, as well as any options for mitigating or aggravating factors with altered penalties. Contrast with .


 * Tipificar
 * codify; to define, describe, or classify something as an offense (in Brazil, by including it in the ; related to nullum crimen sine lege.
 * tipificado (derived form; past participle) – codified; referring to a description of conduct meeting the requirements of a crime.


 * Tipo
 * short for .


 * Tipo penal     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * an abstract, precise description of an act or omission as constituting an offense subject to sanctions. The obligation of a State to ' illicit acts derives from the (principle of legality) and is one of the fundamental obligations of a ' (State of law). Each crime in Brazilian criminal law is defined by its own tipo penal, which outlines the elements or criteria that must be met for the conduct to be considered criminal. The tipo penal includes various elements such as the actions (actus reus) and mental state (mens rea) required for the offense, as well as any specific circumstances or conditions that may enhance or aggravate the offense. It sets forth the parameters that distinguish one offense from another and provides the basis for determining criminal liability.
 * an item in the legal code; a rule () which describes an archetype or pattern of prohibited conduct in the abstract


 * TJ
 * abbreviation for .


 * TO     Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * standard two-letter abbreviation for Tocantins, one of the 27 of Brazil. Capital: Palmas. See also: States of Brazil.


 * Trading Company    Flag of Brazil.svg      Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * under Brazilian law, a company that specializes in import-export activities and acts as an intermediary between buyers and vendors in different countries.  The Brazilian term is a loanword from English.  A Brazilian Trading company operates under Brazilian law and is not quite the same as a "Trading company" in common law countries. There are two broad groups of commercial exportation companies in Brazil: those that are in possession of a Certificado de Registro Especial are  Trading companies and regulated under the law ( 1248/72 ); those that don't, are under the civil code ( 10.406-02 ).


 * Tráfico de influência      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Influence peddling.


 * TRF     Flag of Brazil.svg      Wiktionary small.svg
 * abbreviation for  (plural; or singular: Tribunal Regional Federal).


 * TRF-4    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * abbreviation for .


 * Tribunal de Contas do Estado     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * State Court of Auditors. Independent, technical organizations linked to the legislature, and present in each state and at the Federal level. They are charged with auditing public accounts in the name of the people.


 * Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro       Flag of Brazil.svg
 * The Rio de Janeiro State Court of Auditors. Contrast: ' at the Federal level. Abbr: '.
 * Other expressions seen in English: Rio de Janeiro State Audit Court, Rio state's court of auditors.


 * Tribunal de Contas da União      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * Federal Court of Auditors; the Brazilian federal accountability office. It is an arm of the Legislative Branch of the Brazilian government, to assist Congress in its constitutional office of providing an external audit over the Executive Branch. Known by its initials, the TCU.


 * Tribunal de Justiça      Flag of Brazil.svg
 * abbreviation: TJ.
 * the highest court of a state judicial system is its court of § second instance, the Tribunal de Justiça (Court of Justice). Each Brazilian State has one Court of Justice. They are courts of appeal, meaning they can review any decisions taken by the trial courts ('), and have the final word on decisions at state law level. (In this respect, a TJ is similar to a State supreme court in the United States.) There are 180 judges, modifiable if the load is too great. Judges of the Tribunal de Justiça are called 'es. Decisions of the Tribunal de Justiça can be reviewed by the .


 * Tribunal judicial
 * courthouse; court of law.


 * Tribunal Regional Federal     Flag of Brazil.svg       Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg


 * There are five regional federal courts, each covering several Brazilian states. They are established by articles 107 and 108 of the '. Together with ', the five TRFs make up the ' (Federal Courts), which is part of the '. Each TRF has seven (or more) judges of the § second instance named by the , who hold court around the region of their jurisdiction, using local facilities.
 * See for example, .
 * abbreviation: TRF.


 * Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * The Federal Regional Court of Region 4 is one of the five Federal District Courts ('). It is a court of second instance (') that has jurisdiction over the three states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, and is headquartered in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. It was inaugurated in 1989, and has 27 judges ().


 * Typical fact ❌
 * If you see the expression "typical fact" (or "typical act") in the English press in an article related to Brazilian criminal law, it is an error and means they are either relying on machine translation, or translating word for word without understanding the original.  Do not use this phrase in English as a translation of ', which means something completely different. See '.

U

 * União     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * literally "union" (or "unity"), this term is used as a synonym of the  (Federal government of Brazil). This is the § executive branch of government in Brazil.
 * in compounds, "union": e.g., União Europeia (European Union).


 * Unidades federativas     Flag of Brazil.svg
 * literally, "Federated units" or "Federative units". Brazil is a federation (official name: Federative Republic of Brazil) containing several subnational units, such as regions, states, municipalities, and the § Federal District (capital), Brasilia. By one account (pt:Subdivisões_do_Brasil), the federative units are 27: the 26 states of Brazil, plus the . By another account (pt:Unidades federativas do Brasil), the federative units consist of the Union, the 27 above, plus the municipalities.
 * Synonym: unidades da federação.

V

 * Vantagem indevida    Flag of Brazil.svg
 * illicit funds (a free translation, usable in most cases).
 * ': literally, "undue advantage" (or "illicit", "improper", "unfair", "unjustifiable", etc.) advantage (or "benefit", "profit", "gain", etc.) A form of corruption, either active (§ corrupção ativa) or passive (§ corrupção passiva) involving payment or receipt of improper advantage (economic or otherwise) or the promise of it, from someone in public office, or before or after their term of office if related to their function while in office. The term comes up in several places in the ', including article 217 (regarding '), article 316 ('), article 333 (), and others.
 * Usage note: Since there isn't an exact equivalent in common law, and the noun phrase can be awkward in certain contexts, rewording it as an adverbial phrase might work better in some cases: "X illicitly profited from", "...earned illegal gains from", and so on; perhaps followed by an explanatory note quoting vantagem indevida and explaining its use in the given context.

...investigated payments of "undue advantage" (vantagem indevida) by a business group to politicians.


 * Vara   Flag of Brazil.svg     Wiktionary small.svg
 * In law, it corresponds to a court or judicial district. In Brazil, the authority is inverted, as it is not the varas or judicial districts that are the organs of the Judiciary, but the judges themselves. In this case, the varas represent the defined area of action of each judge; so vara is the jurisdiction of a judge.  Often seen with a preceding ordinal, in which case it can be translated as "court" (a sentença inicial, dada pela 1ª Vara Cível da Comarca de Assu : "the initial sentence given by the 1st Civil Court of Assu"), or can be translated as "District" (especially in conjunction with  comarca): (decisão proferida pela 3ª Vara Cível da Comarca de Londrina : "decision issued by the Third District Court of Londrina".)
 * for Vara federal several expressions may be seen; for example, for a 23ª Vara federal de Curitiba, one can see Federal Court, Federal District Court, Federal Circuit Court; for 13.ª Vara Criminal Federal de Curitiba one sees 13th Federal Court of Curitiba, 13th Federal Criminal Court of Curitiba, and so on. However, Federal District Court is more often used to indicate one of the TRF courts ('), so to avoid ambiguity with the TRF this term should perhaps be avoided to translate Vara, and use just Federal Court for courts of the '.
 * Synonyms: pt:wikt:juízo, pt:wikt:julgado, ou juizado.
 * Expressions: conduzido debaixo de vara – meaning, conducted under court order (listed at pt:wikt:vara).
 * In non-legal contexts: "rod", "pole", or "bar".


 * Voto proporcional    Flag of Brazil.svg     Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg
 * lit. "Proportional voting". This is a proportional representation election system in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If 55% of the electorate support a particular political party as their favorite, then roughly 55% of seats will be won by that party.

W

 * Warrant
 * : pt:Mandado. As in warrant (law)
 * see also: