Wikipedia:WikiProject Library of Congress Country Studies/Romania

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Profile sections

 * Historical Background
 * Geography
 * Society
 * Economy
 * Transportation and Telecommunications
 * Government and Politics
 * National Security
 * Human rights in Romania

Country Study sections
A Country Study: Romania Library of Congress Call Number DR205 .R613 1990

* Romania * Foreword * Acknowledgements * Preface * Country Profile - Visit new updated Profile (PDF) o Country o Geography o Society o Economy o Transportation and Communications o Government and Politics o National Security * Introduction

* Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Charles Sudetic) o Early History from Pre-History to the 11th Century + The Getae + Roman Dacia + The Age of the Great Migrations o Transylvania, Walachia, and Moldavia from the 11th Century to the 17th Century + The Magyars' Arrival in Transylvania + Origins of Walachia and Moldavia + The Ottoman Invasions o Transylvania Under the Habsburgs, 1688-1867 + The Uniate Church + The Reign of Joseph II               + The Revolution of 1848 + Unification of Transylvania and Hungary o Walachia and Moldavia Under the Russian Protectorate, 1711- 1859 + The Phanariot Princes + The Russian Protectorate + The Crimean War and Unification o Romania and Transylvania to the End of the World War I, 1861- 1919 + Romania under Charles of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen + The Balkan Wars and World War I               + Greater Romania and the Occupation of Budapest o Greater Romania to the End of World War II, 1920-45 + The Agrarian Crisis and the Rise of the Iron Guard + World War II               + Armistice Negotiations and Soviet Occupation o Postwar Romania, 1944-85 + Petru Groza's Premiership + Elimination of Opposition Parties + The Romanian People's Republic + The Post-Stalin Era + Gheorghiu-Dej's Defiance of Khrushchev + The Ceausescu Succession + Dynastic Socialism and the Economic Downturn

* Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment (Sherri Poradzisz) o Physical Environment + Boundaries and Geographical Position + Topography + Climate o Population + Demographic History + Demographic Policy + Settlement Structure # Traditional Settlement Patterns # Rural-Urban Migration + Systematization: A Settlement Strategy o Ethnic Structure + Historical and Geographical Distribution + National Minorities under Communist Rule # Nation-Building and National Minorities # Language, Education, and Cultural Heritage # Emigration: Problem or Solution? o Social Structure + The End of the Ancien Régime + The New Social Order # The Peasantry # The Proletariat # The Intelligentsia # The Ruling Elite + Social Mobility o Institutions and Organs of Society + Family # The Evolution of Family Law # Changes in Family Structure # Family Life + Women and Women's Organizations + The Education System # Administration # Political Education and Socialization # Education and Legitimacy of the Regime # Preschool and Kindergarten # Primary Education # Secondary Education # Higher Education + Religion # Church-State Relations # The Romanian Orthodox Church # The Roman Catholic Church # The Uniate Church # Other Religions o Social Conditions + Housing + Public Health + State Welfare Assistance

* Chapter 3 - The Economy (Ronald D. Bachman) o Economic Structure and Dynamics + Evolution + Administration and Control # Stalin's Legacy # Ownership of Economic Assets # Dominance of the Romanian Communist Party # Administrative Hierarchy # Planning # Pricing and Profit # The State Budget # Revenues # Expenditures + Banking # The Role of Banking in a Centrally Planned Economy # Banking institutions # Credit policy # Currency o Natural Resources + Land + Water + Forests + Fossil Fuels + Other Minerals o Labor + Distribution by Economic Sectors + Unpaid Labor + Demographics + Productivity o Foreign Trade + Goals and Policy + Trading Partners + Structure of Exports and Imports + Retirement of the Foreign Debt o Industry + Geographic Distribution + Energy # Crisis of the 1980s # Electric Power # Oil and Gas # Coal + Machine Building # Aircraft Industry # Automotive Industry # Locomotives and Rolling Stock # Machine Tools # Computers and Automation Technology # Electrical Engineering # Shipbuilding + Metallurgy + Chemicals + Light Industry o Transportation and Telecommunications + Railroads + Highways + Inland Waterways + Maritime Navigation + Air Transport + Telecommunications o Agriculture + Agricultural Regions + Major Crops + Livestock + Fishing + Farming Practices + Farm Organization + Administration + Procurement and Distribution + Consumption o Goals for the 1990's

* Chapter 4 - Government and Politics (Sergiu Verona) o Governmental System + Constitutional Development o Structure and Functioning of the Government + Central Government # Grand National Assembly # The State Council # President of the Republic # Council of Ministers # Judicial System + Joint Party-State Organizations + Local Government + Electoral System o Romanian Communist Party + Membership + Organizational Structure + Ideology and Party Program + Party Training o Mass Organizations + Union of Communist Youth + General Union of Trade Unions o Political Developments During the Ceausescu Era + Period from 1965 to 1970 + 1967 Party Conference + Rehabilitation and De-Stalinization + Tenth Party Congress + Eleventh Party Congress + Twelfth Party Congress + Thirteenth Party Congress + Cult of Personality + Emergence of an Organized Opposition o Mass Media o Foreign Policy + Administration o Relations with Communist States + Soviet Union and Eastern Europe + Hungary o Relations with Non-Communist States + West Germany + United States + Other Western Countries + Middle East + Africa + The CSCE Meeting in Vienna

* Chapter 5 - National Security (Karl Wheeler Soper) o Historical Background + Defense of Romanian Lands in Ancient Times and the Middle Ages + Ottoman Domination and the Struggle for National Unity and Independence # Military Development under Alexandru Ioan Cuza # War of Independence, 1877-78 + The Romanian Army in World War I               + Security during the Interwar Years and the Second World War + Development of the Romanian Armed Forces after World War II          o Military Doctrine and Strategy + Evolution of Military Doctrine + Military Strategy + Arms Control o Armed Forces + Command and Control of the Armed Forces # Government and Party Organization for Defense # Party Control of the Military # Ceausescu and the Military + Armed Services # Ground Forces # Air Force # Naval Forces # Border Guards + Military Personnel # Military Training # Officer Education # Reserves and Mobilization # Ranks, Uniforms, and Insignia + The Military and the National Economy # Military Budget # Arms Production # Naval Construction # Aviation Industry # Military Labor + Foreign Military Relations # The Warsaw Pact # Arms Sales o Law and Order + Judicial System # Courts # Military Courts # Penal Code + Crime o Security and Intelligence Services + Ministry of Interior and Security Forces + Dissidence + Department of External Information

* Appendix. Tables * Bibliography * Glossary