Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 10

pp. 1ff

 * John Chamber (rebel) 1
 * ✅John Chamber 1
 * John Chamber (astronomer) 1
 * ✅✅George Chamberlain (bishop) 1-2
 * ✅John Chamberlain 2
 * ✅John Henry Chamberlain 2-3
 * ✅✅Sir Leonard Chamberlain 3-4
 * Robert Chamberlain 4-5
 * Robert Chamberlain 5
 * Robert Chamberlain 5-6
 * Thomas Chamberlain 6
 * William Chamberlain 6
 * ✅John Chamberlaine 7
 * Robert Chamberlane 7
 * Edward Chamberlayne 7-8
 * Edward Chamberlayne 8-9
 * James Chamberlayne 9
 * John Chamberlayne 9-10
 * ✅William Chamberlayne 10
 * Hugh Chamberlen 10-12
 * Hugh Chamberlen 12
 * Paul Chamberlen 12-13
 * ✅Peter Chamberlen 13-14
 * ✅Peter Chamberlen 14
 * Peter Chamberlen 14-15
 * ✅Mason Chamberlin 15
 * David Chambers 16
 * ✅Ephraim Chambers 16-17
 * ✅George Chambers 17-18
 * ✅John Chambers 18-19
 * John Chambers 19
 * John Charles Chambers 19-20
 * ✅John Graham Chambers 20
 * Richard Chambers 21
 * Robert Chambers 21
 * ✅Sir Robert Chambers 22-23
 * ✅Robert Chambers 23-25
 * Sabine Chambers 25-26
 * ✅William Chambers 26-27
 * ✅William Chambers 27-29
 * ✅William Frederick Chambers 29-30
 * Sir Alan Chambré 30
 * ✅✅John Chambre 30-31
 * William de Chambre 31-32
 * Anthony Chamier 32
 * ✅Frederick Chamier 32-33
 * Anthony Champion 33
 * John George Champion 33
 * Joseph Champion 33-34
 * Richard Champion 34-35
 * Thomas Champion. See Campion
 * ✅Anthony Champney 35
 * John Champney 36
 * John Champneys 36
 * William Weldon Champneys 36-37
 * ✅Richard Chancellor 37-38
 * Maurice Chancy. See Chauncy
 * ✅Ann Candler. See Candler
 * Benjamin Chandler 38
 * ✅Edward Chandler 38
 * Johanna Chandler 38-39
 * John Chandler 39
 * J. W. Chandler 39
 * ✅Mary Chandler 39
 * Richard Chandler 39-40
 * ✅Richard Chandler 40-41
 * ✅Samuel Chandler 42-43
 * Barons Chandos. See Brydges
 * Duke of Chandos. See James Brydges
 * ✅Sir John Chandos 43-44
 * Sir John Chandos 44
 * Sir William Fry Channell 44
 * ✅Sir Francis Legatt Chantrey 44-47
 * Edmund Chapman 47
 * ✅George Chapman 47-53

pp. 51ff

 * George Chapman 53
 * ✅Henry Samuel Chapman 54
 * John Chapman 54-55
 * ✅✅John Chapman 55-56
 * Sir Stephen Remnant Chapman 57
 * ✅✅Thomas Chapman 57
 * Walter Chapman. See Chepman.
 * William Chapman 57-58
 * ✅Hester Chapone 58-59
 * ✅William Chappell (bishop) 59-61
 * ✅Leonard Chappelow 61
 * John Chappington 61
 * Samuel Chapple 61
 * William Chapple 62
 * William Chapple 62-63
 * ✅Sir John Chardin 63-64
 * ✅John Chardon 64-65
 * William Charite 65
 * ✅Charlotte Charke 65-67
 * William Charke 67
 * Barons Charlemont. See Caulfield.
 * Earl of Charlemont. See Caulfield.
 * Viscounts of Charlemont. See Caulfield.
 * ✅Charles I Charles I (1600–1649), king of Great Britain and Ireland; second son of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark; born at Dunfermline; created Duke of Albany, December 1600; brought to England, 1604; created Duke of York, 1605; a sickly child; became heir-apparent, 1612; created Prince of Wales, November 1616; negotiation for his marriage with Princess Christina of France broken off, 1616; match between him and Princess Maria of Spain formally proposed, 1617, dropped, 1618; went to Madrid to urge his suit, February, 1623, but returned, October, finding the religious difficulty insurmountable; betrothed to Princess Henrietta Maria of France, December 1624, he and bin father pledging themselves to toleration for all English catholics; succeeded to the throne, 27 March 1626; married by proxy, May; received his bride at Canterbury, June 1625; refused by his firt parliaments, who distrusted the Duke of Buckingham, supplies equal to the undertakings into which he and the favourite rashly plunged; to help the Elector Palatine, equipped by his personal credit au English force to be placed in command of the German adventurer, Ernst von Mansfeld, 1625; promised a subsidy to Christian IV of Denmark to make war on the German catholic states, but was unable to pay, Christian being subsequently routed (August 1626): enabled by the help of loans and pawning the crown jewels to fit out an expedition against Cadiz, which miserably failed, October 1626; lost in a storm a second fleet, obtained by levying ships from the coast-counties; sent an expedition to relieve the protestants of Rochelle, which (1627) failed shamefully, peace being concluded with France, 1629, and with Spain, 1630; out of touch with English sentiment, which as reflected in the houses of parliament was in respect of doctrine overwhelmingly Calvinistic, and in respect of policy anti-Romanist; repudiated the pro-Romanist clauses of his marriage treaty, 1626, but was reasonably suspected of favouring catholics; promoted Arminian clergy, and prevented parliament from prosecuting them, 1625; forbade preaching in favour of Calvinist dogmas, 1629; had recourse to extraordinary expedients for obtaining supplies, exacting forced loans, and removing the judges who dissented from his measures; involved by his foreign, domestic, and ecclesiastical policy in quarrels with his parliaments; his first parliament, which met, June 1625, dissolved in-August, in consequence of its attacks on Buckingham and the king's Roman catholic leanings; dissolved in June 1626, after a four mouthssession, his second parliament, which, in spite of the devices of making the king's chief opponents sheriffs and imprisoning others, pressed charges against Buckingham; signed the statement of grievances which his third parliament, led by Sir Thomas Wentworth, submitted (thepetition of right, June 1628; opposed by Commons for his levy of taxes without parliamentary grant, and his ecclesiastical policy; dissolved parliament, lu March 1629; governed without parliament for eleven years; levied tonnage and poundage, 1629; exacted fines for not taking up knighthood, 1630, and for encroaching on forest hinds; raised money by granting monopolies, and by demanding ship-money from the seaports, 1634, and from the inland counties, 1635; showed marked favour to the papal envoys at the queen's court, 1834-7; supported Laud in his severe measures to enforce Arminian doctrine and church ceremonies on the puritan party in the church, 1633-7; obtained verdict in the ship-money case against John Hampden, 1638; was crowned in Scotland, 18 June 1633, giving offence by the episcopal ceremonial he required; caused great irritation by a fruitless order to Scottish ministers to use the surplice; riots in Edinburgh caused by his attempt (1637) to enforce the use of a liturgy, drawn up under Laud's influence; affronted by the signing of the national covenant 1638, and the abolition of episcopacy by the general assembly at Glasgow, November 1638; collected troops, and invaded Scotland, May 1639; compelled by want of funds to sign the treaty of Berwick, 1639; summoned parliament (April 1640), hoping to obtain supplies ! for renewing war with Scotland; dissolved it, 5 May 1640, on its demanding, under leadership of John Pym, i redress of grievances; elated by Stafford's success in raising an army in Ireland; lost Newcastle and Durham, which were occupied by the Scots, who on the invitation ! of parliament had crossed the Tweed, 1640; advised, by a council of peers convoked at York, to negotiate with the ! Scots and summon parliament, 24 Sept. 1640; defied by the Long parliament which met, 3 Nov. 1640, and at I once attacked Strafford and Laud; plotted to save Strafford, but finally assented to his execution, May 1641, and I pledged himself not to dissolve this parliament except by its own vote; indirectly caused the formation of two parties in the Commons, a party in favour of moderate episcopacy, and an extreme party which desired to abolish bishops and the prayer-book; went to Scotland, swkhiK support against the extremists, August 1641; discredited by a plot formed among his courtiers to murder the Scottish leaders the Incident; appealed for help to the Irish catholic peers, and was in consequence generally supposed privy to the Ulster massacres, October 1641; well received by London on his return, November 1641; resolved to resist the parliament's demands for a responsible ministry and church reform; tried to seize 'th five membersin the House of Commons, 4 Jan. 1642; left Whitehall to collect troops in the north, 10 Jan. 1642; declared war at Nottingham, 22 Aug. 1642; pushed   asifle the parliamentary army at Edgehill, 23 Oct., advanced as far as Brentford, November, but withdrew to winter in Oxford; formed plan, 1643, for Hoptou to advance on London from the west, Newcastle through the eastern counties, and Charles himself from Reading; baulked; carried on fruitless negotiations during the winter; entertained design, 1644, of operating from Oxford and attacking the parliamentary army in detail, a design which came to nothing through Rupert's defeat at Marstoii Moor (2 July); conducted fruitless negotiations at Uxbridge, January-February, 1645; vainly tried to obtain large forces from Ireland and from Lorraine; cheered by Montrose's success in the highlands, September 1644February 1645; his main army crushed at Naseby, 14 June 1646; again sought help from Ireland and France; left Oxford; surrendered to the Scots at Newark, 5 May 1646, and was conducted to Newcastle, 13 May; tried to negotiate separately with the Scots and with parliament, parliament meanwhile coming to terms with the Scots; taken by parliamentary commissioners to Holmby House, January 1647; tried to get terms from parliament, unfavourable to the army; taken in charge by Joyce's troopers, 4 June, and conducted to Hampton Court, 24 Aug., while the army occupied London; escaped to the Isle of Wight, 16 Nov. 1647, having offended parliament by dallying with the army proposals, but was there kept in custody by Colonel Hammond; refused his assent to fresh proposals of parliament, December 1647; made a secret treaty with the Scots by which he accepted presbyterianism and obtained promise of a Scots army; cavalier risings in his favour crushed before September 1648; negotiated with parliamentary commissioners at Newport, September-October 1648; his death demanded by the army in November; taken to Hurst Castle, 1 Dec., to Windsor, 23 Dec. 1648, and to St. James's, London, 19 Jan. 1649, all who favoured him in parliament having been excluded by the army leaders Pride's purge), 6 Dec. 1648; refused to plead before the court which the Commons constituted for his trial, 20 Jan.; condemned, 27 Jan., and executed, 30 Jan. 1649. 67-84
 * ✅Charles II Charles II (1630–1685), king of Great Britain and Ireland; second son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria; born at St. James's, London; given an establishment as Prince of Wales, 1638; took his seat hi the House of Lords, 1640; joined Charles I at York, March 1642; present at Edgehill; resided in Oxford, October 1642 to March 1645, and at Bristol, March to April 1645; at Barnstaple, June; withdrew to Cornwall, July; tried to hold Devon and Cornwall against Fairfax; at Falmouth, February 1646; withdrew to Scilly, March, and to Jersey, April; at Paris, July 1646; went to Helvoetsluys, July 1648; made a descent on the shipping at Thames month; tried to avert Charles I's execution, January 1649; proclaimed king in Edinburgh, 5 Feb., and in Ireland; returned to Paris; went to Jersey, 1649; withdrew to Breda, 1650; accepted the covenant and the terms of the Scottish commissioners, March; reached Cromarty Frith, and took up his residence at Falkland Palace, Fife, June 1650; practically a prisoner in the hands of Argyll and the presbyterian party; secretly negotiated with the English catholics; defeated at Dunbar, 3 Sept. 1650; tried to escape from Argyll to join Huntly ( * The Start ); crowned at Scone, 1 Jan. 1661, accepting the covenant: at Stirling, April; marched southwards, 1651; routed at Worcester, 3 Sept. 1661; dismissed all his followers, except Wilmot; reached Fecamp, Normandy, 1651; resided In poverty at Paris, October 1651-June 1654; withdrew to Cologne; went to Middelburg, March 1655, to wait the issue of a cavalier rising; removed his court to Bruges, 1666: dissoluteness of his court much spoken of; formally excluded from the succession by act of parliament, November 1666; offered to raise English troops for the Spanish service in Flanders; removed his court to Brussels, February 1668: withdrew to Breda, August: returned to Brussels, September 1658; went to Brittany, to wait the issue of a cavalier rising, August 1659; followed Mazarin to Spain to ask French and Spanish help; returned to Brussels, December 1659; negotiated with the English presbyterians and with Monck; went to Breda, and Issued his declaration there, 4 April 1660: proclaimed king in London; landed at Dover, 26 May; entered London, 29 May; urged the House of Lords to pass Act of Indemnity; issued a declaration for the settlement of Ireland, 30 Nov. 1660; dissolved the Convention parliament, 29 Dec. 1660, which had settled on him 1,200,UOO. a year; accepted by the Scottish parliament, 1661; threatened by Venuer's plot; formally crowned, 23 April 1661; married, 20 May 1662, Catherine of Bnuranza, and so became pledged to support Portugal agaiutt Spain; coldly supported the administration of Clarendon, 1660-7: aimed at securing toleration for English catholics, but thereby only excited the jealousy of parliament and the severities of the Act of Uniformity, May 1662; was thus forced to violate his promises to the presbyterian party made in his solemn declarations, April aud October 1660; the severe Conventicle Act, 1664, and the Five-mile Act, 1665, brought on by his Declaration of Indulgence, 1662; neglected to take efficient measures to recover estates forfeited during the Commonwealth, thereby bringing great odium on Clarendon; secretly allied himself with Louis XIV, receiving a large subsidy to attack Spain, 1661, selling Dunkirk and Mardyke to France, December 1662, and declaring war on the Dutch, February 1665; created a bastard son, James, Duke of Monmouth, 1663; withdrew to Salisbury, to avoid the plague, July 1665, and to Oxford, September, returning to London, January 1666; showed unwonted energy on occasion of the fl re in London, September 1666; hoped by means of the Dutch war to obtain the stadtholdership for his nephew, William of Orange, but the Dutch fleet destroyed the shipping in the Medway (June 1667), and Charles was forced to conclude peace, July 1667; the king protected himself by ordering Clarendon to leave England, November 1667; himself conducted secretly the most important negotiations, though the period (1667-74) is nominally that of the ascendency of Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale; received large subsidies from Louis XIV, promising hi return to favour French designs on the Netherlands aud to reduce England to Romanism; assented to the triple alliance with Sweden aud Holland, January 1668, in order to force Louis's hand: concluded with Louis the shameful secret treaty of Dover, May 1670; his Declaration of Indulgence in favour of English catholics, March 1671, cancelled, owing to parliamentary agitation, March 1673, and followed by the Test Act; forced by popular discontent to close the Dutch war (begun March 1672), February 1674; stopped payment* by the exchequer, January 1672, and abandoned himself with his court to excess; directed foreign policy, though Danby was nominally at the head of affairs, 1674-8; entered into a secret treaty not to oppose Louis XIV, 1676: forced by popular feeling against France to assent to the marriage of Princess Mary with William of Orange, November 1677, but renewed his secret treaty with Louis, 1678; gave way to the persecution engendered by the pretendedpopish plot August 1678, contenting himself with protecting the queen; dissolved parliament, January 1679, to shield Danby; repeatedly declared the Duke of Moumouth illegitimate, in order to foil the anti-court party, led by Shaf tesbury, which now set itself to secure the exclusion of James, duke of York, from the succession; ordered the Duke of York to withdraw from England, and offered to accept a protestant regency; dissolved parliament, July L 679 and January 1681, aud the Oxford parliament, March 1681, which violently opposed his efforts; warmly received in London, October 1681; laid the foundation-stone of Chelsea Hospital, February 1682: the whigs in Scotland grievously persecuted by his brother, the Duke of York; rigorously enforced penal laws against English nonconformists; his opponents discredited by the discovery of the Rye House plot, June 1683; Charles resolved to govern without a parliament, in compliance with the wishes of Louis XIV; popularly reported as being about to declare himself a Roman catholic, 1684, the Duke of York, in defiance of the Test Act, being reappointed acting lord high admiral, May 1684; had an apoplectic stroke, 2 Feb. 1685, and died 6 Feb., acknowledging himself a Roman catholic; buried at Westminster, 17 Feb. Thirteen of his mistresses are known by name, the chief being the Duchesses of Cleveland, Portsmouth, and Mazariu, and Nell Gwynn. Of his numerous illegitimate children six were created dukes. He was fowl of conversation, coarse wit, walking aud hunting, patronised the stage, and was interested in chemistry and naval architecture. 84-108

pp. 101ff

 * ✅Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir 108-111
 * ✅David Charles 111
 * Joseph Charles 111
 * Nicholas Charles 111-112
 * ✅Thomas Charles 112-114
 * ✅✅Edward Parker Charlesworth 114-115
 * ✅Maria Louisa Charlesworth 115
 * Rice Charleton 115-116
 * ✅Robert Charleton 116
 * ✅Walter Charleton 116-119
 * ✅Arthur Charlett 119-120
 * ✅John Charlewood 120
 * ✅Charlotte Augusta 120-122
 * ✅Charlotte Augusta Matilda 122-123
 * ✅Charlotte Sophia 123
 * ✅Edward Charlton 123-124
 * ✅Sir Job Charlton 124-125
 * ✅John de Charlton 125-127
 * ✅Lewis Charlton 127-128
 * Lionel Charlton 128
 * ✅Thomas Charlton 128-129
 * ✅Job Charnock 129-132
 * John Charnock
 * ✅Robert Charnock 132-134
 * ✅Stephen Charnock 134-135
 * ✅Thomas Charnock 135
 * ✅Anna Maria Charretie 135
 * ✅Francis Charteris 135-136
 * Henry Charteris 136-137
 * ✅Henry Charteris 137
 * Lawrence Charteris 137-138
 * Chintamanny Ragoonatha Chary 138
 * John Chase 138
 * Henry de Chastillon 139-140
 * ✅Clara de Chatelain 140
 * Jean-Baptiste François Ernest de Chatelain 140-1
 * John Baptist Claude Chatelaine 141
 * Edward Chatfield 141-142
 * William Simmonds Chatterley 142-143
 * ✅Henrietta Georgiana Marcia Lascelles Chatterton 143
 * John Balsir Chatterton 143
 * ✅Thomas Chatterton 143-154

pp. 151ff

 * William Andrew Chatto 154
 * Walter Chattodunus. See Catton

16

 * ✅Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?–1400), poet; son of John Chaucer (d. 1366), vintner, of London; page to Elizabeth de Burgh, wife of Lionel, duke of Clarence, third son of Edward III, 1357; accompanied the expedition to France, 1359; taken prisoner in Brittany; ransomed by Edward III, 1360; married Philippa (?Roet, d. 1387 V), a servant of the Duchess of Lancaster (wife of John of Gaunt), probably in 1366, certainly before 1374; received from Edward III pension of 13l. 6s. 8d., in 1367, being then yeoman of the chamber; in service in France, 1369; abroad, on the king's service, 1370; styled esquire (armiger), from 1372; on si mission to Genoa and Florence, 1372-3, when he met Boccaccio and perhaps Petrarch; received additional pension of 13l. 6s. 8d. from Edward III, 1374; appointed comptroller of.the customs and subsidy of wools, &c., London, June 1374; received pension of 107. from John of Gaunt, June 1374; resided over Aldgate, London, 1374-86, except when abroad on the king's service; sent on secret service to Flanders, 1376 and 1377; attached to embassies to France and Lombardy, 1378; a party to the abduction of Cecilia Chaumpaigue, 1380; appointed comptroller of petty customs, London, and allowed to have a deputy, 1382; allowed to have a deputy in his comptroller-ship of the customs, 1385; knight of the shire for Kent, 1386; removed from both comptroller-ships, 1386; went the Canterbury pilgrimage, April 1388; to raise money for his immediate needs, sold his two pensions from the king, 1388; clerk of the king's works at various places, acting by deputy, July 1389-September 1391; robbed by highwaymen, 9 Sept. 1390: joint forester of North Petherton Park, Somerset, 1391; sole forester, 1397; received pension of 201. from Richard II, 1394; received additional pension of 267. 13*. 4d. from Henry IV, 1399; lensed a house at Westminster, 1399; buried in Westminster Abbey; a monument erected to him, 1555. Chaucer's writings fall into three periods: (1) The period of French influence (1359-72), in which he uses the octosyllabic couplet. To this period belong The Boke of the Duchesse 1369, and a lost translation of the Roman de la Rose (2) The period of Italian influence, especially of Dante and Boccaccio, 1372-86, in which he leaves off the octosyllabic couplet, uses mainly the heroic stanza of seven lines, and begins to use the heroic couplet. To this period belong The House of Fame; * The Assembly of Foules; Troylus and Oryseyde; The Legende of Good Women; and the firstdrafts of some of his tales. (3) The period of his maturity, 1386-1400, in which he uses the heroic couplet. To this period belong the Canterbury Tales designed about 1387. The Canterbury Tales were first printed by Caxton in 1475; the collected works were first issued by W. Thyime in 1532. 154-167
 * ✅Thomas Chaucer 167-168
 * Hugh de Chaucombe 168
 * Charles Chauncey 168-169
 * Ichabod Chauncey 169
 * ✅Charles Chauncy 169-170
 * ✅Henry Chauncy 170-171
 * Isaac Chauncy 171-172
 * ✅Maurice Chauncy 172-173

17

 * William Chavasse 173
 * William Cheadsey. See Chedsey.
 * Douglas Cheape 173
 * Sir John Cheape 173-174
 * Thomas de Chebham. See Chabham.
 * ✅William Chedsey 174-175
 * ✅John Chedworth 175-176
 * Lord Chedworth. See John Howe.
 * William Cheeke
 * ✅Sir Henry Cheere 176-177
 * Thomas Cheesman 177
 * Richard Chefer 177
 * Henry Cheke 178
 * ✅Sir John Cheke 178-183
 * William Chelle 183
 * John Chelmeston 183
 * Baron Chelmsford. See Frederick Thesiger.
 * James Chelsum 183-184
 * ✅Thomas Chenery 184
 * ✅Richard Chenevix 184-185
 * ✅Richard Chenevix 185-186
 * Walter Chepman 186-188
 * David Cherbury 188
 * Robert Alexander Chermside 188
 * ✅Louis Chéron 188-189
 * ✅Andrew Cherry 189-190
 * Francis Cherry 190-191
 * ✅Andrew Chertsey 191-192
 * ✅William Cheselden 192-194
 * Francis Chesham 194
 * John Cheshire 194-195
 * ✅Charles Cornwallis Chesney 195
 * ✅Francis Rawdon Chesney 195-198
 * ✅Robert de Chesney 198-200
 * ✅Jane Agnes Chessar 200
 * ✅Robert Chessher 200
 * ✅John Chesshyre 200-201

pp. 201ff

 * Earl of Chester. See Randulph de Blundevill
 * ✅Joseph Lemuel Chester 201-203
 * ✅Robert Chester 203
 * ✅Robert Chester (poet) 203
 * Roger of Chester 203-204
 * William Chester 204-205
 * Earls of Chesterfield. See Stanhope
 * Countess of Chesterfield. See Stanhope'
 * Thomas Chesterfield 205-206
 * Lord Chesters. See Thomas Henryson
 * ✅Thomas Chestre 206
 * ✅Humphrey Chetham 206-207
 * James Chetham 207
 * ✅Henry Chettle 207-210
 * William Chettle. See William Ketell
 * Knightly Chetwood 210-211
 * William Rufus Chetwood 211-212
 * ✅Edward Chetwynd 212
 * John Chetwynd (clergyman) 212-213
 * ✅Walter Chetwynd 213

23

 * ✅William Richard Chetwynd Chetwynd 213-214
 * John Chevalier (chronicler) 214
 * Thomas Chevalier 214
 * ✅Anthony Rodolph Chevallier 214-215
 * John Chevallier (agricultralist) 215
 * ✅Temple Chevallier 215-216
 * Anthony Chewt. See Anthony Chute
 * Charles Cheyne 216-217
 * ✅George Cheyne 217-219
 * ✅Henry Cheyne 219

24

 * James Cheyne 219-220
 * ✅Lady Jane Cheyne 220
 * ✅John Cheyne 220-222
 * ✅Sir William Cheyne 222
 * ✅Francis Cheynell 222-224
 * John Cheyney 224
 * ✅Richard Cheyney 224-226
 * James Chibald 226

25

 * William Chibald 226
 * ✅Henry Chichele 226-231
 * Sir John Chicheley 231
 * ✅Sir Thomas Chicheley 231
 * Earls of Chichester. See Pelham
 * ✅Arthur Chichester 232-235
 * ✅Arthur Chichester 235-236
 * Sir Charles Chichester 236
 * Frederick Richard Chichester 236-237
 * ✅Robert Chichester 237
 * Thomas Chiffinch 237-238
 * William Chiffinch 238-239
 * Samuel Chifney 239-240
 * Samuel Chifney
 * William Chifney
 * Thomas Chilcot 240
 * Sir Francis Child 240-242
 * Francis Child 242
 * John Child 242-243
 * ✅John Child 243-244
 * ✅Josiah Child 244-245
 * ✅William Child 245-247
 * Elias Childe 247
 * Henry Langdon Childe 247-248
 * James Warren Childe 248
 * John Childerley 248
 * ✅Robert Caesar Childers 248-249
 * George Children 249
 * ✅John George Children 249-250
 * ✅✅Joshua Childrey 250-251

pp. 251ff

 * John Childs 251-252
 * Robert Childs
 * Charles Childs
 * ✅Edmund Chillenden 252
 * James Chillester 252
 * John Chillingworth 252
 * John Chillingworth 252
 * ✅William Chillingworth 252-257
 * John Chilmark 257
 * ✅Edmund Chilmead 257-258
 * ✅George Chinnery 258
 * Edmund Thomas Chipp 258-259
 * Thomas Paul Chipp 259
 * ✅Thomas Chippendale 259
 * David Chirbury. See David Cherbury
 * Edward Chisenhale 259
 * Alexander Chisholm 259-260
 * Æneas Chisholm 260
 * ✅Caroline Chisholm 260-261
 * Archibald Chisholm
 * Colin Chisholm 261
 * John Chisholm 261
 * Walter Chisholm 261-262
 * ✅William Chisholm 262
 * ✅William Chisholm 262
 * William III Chisholm 262-263
 * ✅Edmund Chishull 263-264
 * ✅John de Chishull 264-265
 * Richard Chiswell 265
 * Richard Chiswell 265-266
 * ✅Trench Chiswell 266
 * ✅Henry Chitting 266
 * Edward Chitty 266
 * ✅Joseph Chitty 266-267
 * ✅*Joseph Chitty
 * ✅Thomas Chitty 267
 * Sir Richard Choke 267-268
 * Hugh Cholmley 268
 * ✅Sir Hugh Cholmley 268-269
 * Sir Roger Cholmley 269-270
 * William Cholmley 270-271
 * ✅George Cholmondeley 271
 * ✅Hugh Cholmondeley 271
 * ✅Hugh Cholmondeley 271-272
 * ✅Mary Cholmondeley 272
 * ✅Robert Cholmondeley 272
 * ✅Charles Chorley 272-273
 * ✅Henry Fothergill Chorley 273-274
 * John Rutter Chorley 274-275
 * Josiah Chorley 275
 * Richard Chorley 275
 * John Chorlton 275-276
 * ✅Edward Christian 276-277
 * ✅Fletcher Christian 277-278
 * ✅Hugh Cloberry Christian 278-279
 * Thomas Christian 279
 * ✅William Christian 279-282
 * Alexander Christie 282-283
 * Hugh Christie
 * James Christie 283
 * James Christie 283-284
 * ✅Samuel Hunter Christie 284-285
 * ✅Thomas Christie 285-287
 * Thomas Christie 287
 * William Christie 287-288
 * William Dougal Christie 288-289
 * ✅Christina 289-290
 * ✅Sir Robert Christison 290-291
 * Gerard Christmas 291-292
 * Henry Christmas 292-293
 * Christopher À Sancta Clara. See Coleman.
 * ✅John Christopherson 293-295
 * Michael Christopherson 295
 * ✅Henry Christy 295-296
 * Thomas Chrystal. See Thomas Crystall.
 * ✅Charles Chubb 296-297
 * John Chubb
 * ✅Thomas Chubb 297-298
 * William Chubbes 298
 * ✅Elizabeth Chudleigh 298-301

pp. 301ff

 * Sir George Chudleigh, 1st Baronet 301-302
 * James Chudleigh 302-303
 * ✅Mary Chudleigh 303
 * Thomas Chudleigh 303
 * John Church 303-304
 * Ralph Church
 * ✅Sir Richard Church 304-305
 * Thomas Church 305-306
 * ✅Richard Churcher 306
 * Walter Churchey 306
 * Alfred Churchill 306-307
 * ✅Arabella Churchill 307
 * ✅✅Awnsham Churchill 307-308
 * Charles Churchill 308-309
 * ✅Charles Churchill 309-313
 * Fleetwood Churchill 313
 * ✅George Churchill 313-314
 * John Churchill 314-315
 * ✅John Churchill John Churchill, first Duke of Marlborough (1650-1722), eldest surviving sou of Sir Winston Churchill -; educated at St. Paul's School; favourite of the Duchess of Cleveland; page to James, duke of York; and afterwards his confidential servant; ensign in the foot guards, September 1667; served at Tangiers: captain of foot, 1672; served in Flanders, 1672-7; colonel in French service, 1674; colonel of foot, February, 1678; married, 1678, Sarah Jennings; envoy to the Prince of Orange and offered to serve under him, 1678; accompanied the Duke of York to Holland, 1679, and to Scotland, 1679-82, acting as agent between the duke and Charles II; created Baron Churchill of Ayinouth in the Scottish peerage, 1682; colonel of the 1st dragoons, 1683; envoy to Louis XIV, 1685; created Baron Churchill of Saudridge in the English peerage, 1685: chief instrument in crushing Monmouth's rebellion, July 1685; majorgeneral and colonel of the 3rd horse guards, 1685; lieutenant-general, 1688; entered into negotiations with the Prince of Orange, 1687, and expressed; readiness to support him, August 1688; vowed fidelity to James II, November 1688; in command at Salisbury; went over to the Prince of Orange, 24 Nov. 1688; employed in quieting   the troops; openly voted for a regency, but privately induced the Princess Anne to consent that William of Orange should reign over England for life; created Earl of Marlborough, 1689; commanded the English troops in Flanders, 1689; commander- in-chief in England, 1690; captured Cork and Kinsale, 1690; accompanied William III to Flanders, 1691; opened negotiations with James II, 1691; persuaded Princess Anne to write to her father, 1691; intrigued with the army; dismissed from his offices, 1692; imprisoned in the Tower for two mouths, 1692; revenged himself by causing the failure of the Brest expedition, 1694; his overtures to William III rejected, 1694; voted with the extreme tories in the Lords; voted for Sir John Fenwick's attainder, 1696; received back into favour, 1698; governor of the Duka of Gloucester (rf. 1700), 1698; restored to his commands; continued to vote with the tories, 1701; accompanied William III to Holland, July 1701; came into power on Anne's accession. 1702; K.G., 1702; captain-general of the forces, 1702-11; master-general of the ordnance, 1702-11; procured declaration of war with France, 1702; commander of the forces in Holland; delayed by the supineuess of his allies; crossed the Meuse, July 1702; took Venloo, September, and Rtiremonde and Li6ge, October 1702; created Duke of Marl I borough, December 1702; continued to vote with the tories; lost his only eon, February 1703; opened his next campaign by taking Bonn, 1703; his plans thwarted  I by the incompetency or treachery of the Dutch generals;  ! took Limburg, September 1703; opposed by the extreme tories; obtained their dismissal from office, but failed to conciliate the whigs; persuaded the Dutch to assent to a campaign on the Moselle, 1704; transferred his army to Bavaria; joined Prince Eugene, June 1704; forced the Schellenberg, 2 July; crushed the French and Bavarians at Blenheim, 13 Aug. 1704; arranged for a campaign on the Moselle in 1705; visited Berlin; created Prince of Mindelheim by the emperor (November 1705); voted Woodstock Manor and Blenheim Palace by parliament; failed to persuade the Dutch and Germans to support his favourite plan of invading France by the Moselle, AprilJune, 1705; invaded Brabant, July 1705; again thwarted by the Dutch general, Slangeuberg; visited Vienna, Berlin, and Hanover in order to pacify the allies; opposed at home by the extreme tories; failed to persuade the Dutch to undertake a campaign in Italy, April 1706; crushed the French at Ramillies, May 1706; occupied Brussels, Antwerp, Ostend, and other fortresses, May-October 1706; confronted by great jealousy between the Dutch and the emperor, which was fomented by Louis XIV's overtures; weakened by the growing influence of the whigs at home; began to lose Anne's good will; pensioned by parliament; visited the Elector of Hanover, Charles XII of Sweden, and the king of Prussia, 1707; deserted by the emperor, who sought to secure Naples by a separate treaty with France; unable to take the field effectually: became involved in the bitter party trife between the whig and tory leaders, and forced Anne to dismiss Harley, 1708; provided for defence against the Pretender's attempted invasion, 1708; delayed by the tardiness of the allies, May 1708; crushed the French at Oudeuarde, July 1708; took Lille and Ghent, December 1708; took part in abortive peace negotiations at the Hague, May 1709, missing an opportunity of closing the war on reasonable terms; took Tournay; his attack on the French at Malplaquet delayed by the allies, and the victory dearly bought in consequence, 11 Sept. 1709; took Mous, October 1709; completely lost Anne's personal favour through his duchess's bad temper and his application to be captain-general for life; attended the peace conferences at Gertruydenberg, February 1710; perceived that the state of English politics encouraged France to continue the war; began the cacvpaign in April; took Douay and some minor fortresses, 1710; lost favour of Queen Anne, January 1711, soon after the fall of the whig ministry; went abroad to conduct the campaign, March 1711; out-manoeuvred Villars, August 1711; took Bouchain, 14 Sept. 1711; accused of peculation soon after peace had been concluded with France by the tory ministry; returned to England, November: dismissed from all his offices, 31 Dec. 1711; charges against him dropped by the hostile ministry; withdrew to the continent, November 1712: lost his territory at Mindelheim, 1713; active in arranging for the Hanoverian succession, 1714; returned to England, August 1714; captain-general and master of the ordnance; had a paralytic stroke aud fell into senile decay, 1716.   315-341
 * John Spriggs Morss Churchill 341
 * ✅John Winston Spencer Churchill 341-342
 * Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough. See under John Churchill, First Duke of Marlborough

39

 * ✅Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill, commonly known as Lord Randolph Churchill (1849-1894), statesman; third son of John Winston Spencer Churchill, sixth duke of Marlborough; educated at Eton and Merton College, Oxford: B.A., 1870; conservative M.P. for Woodstock, 1874 and 1880; attracted attention by attack on subordinate members of Disraeli government, 1878: became exponent of a resolute and aggressive toryism, assisted by Sir Henry Drummond Volff, Mr. (afterwards Sir John) Gorst, and, occasionally, Mr. Arthur Balfour; his followers received nickname of the 'Fourth Party supported Charles Bradlaugh: attacked Irish Compensation for Disturbance Bill, and while advocating the policy of conciliation in Irish affaire, strongly opposed any compromise with home rule: fostered conservatism among working classes by promoting, with Mr. Gorst's assistance, the establishment of conservative clubs, and by establishing and popularising the Primrose League; took prominent part in discussion of franchise bill, and by advocating extension of franchise to Ireland, came into antagonism with a section of his own party, but was subsequently officially accepted as one of the party leaders; visited India, 1884: secretary of state for India, 1885-6, during which period the annexation of Burmah was effected; unsuccessfully opposed Bright in central division of Birmingham at election of 1885. and was returned for South Paddington; opposed home rule bill; re-elected for South Paddington, 1886; chancellor of exchequer aud leader of House of Commons, 1886; resigned offices, December 1886, being unable to agree with the demands on the public purse made by the ministers for the army and navy; honorary LL.D. Cambridge, 1888; travelled for health and recreation in South Africa, 1891, and contributed series of letters to Daily Graphic (published, 1892, asMen, Mines, and Animals in South Africa; re-elected for South Paddington, 1892: attacked home rule bill and Mr. Asquith's Welsh church bill; died of general paralysis.
 * ✅Sarah Churchill
 * Winston Churchill (17th century)
 * ✅Thomas Churchyard
 * Edward Churton
 * ✅Ralph Churton
 * William Ralph Churton
 * Anthony Chute
 * ✅Chaloner Chute
 * ✅Saint Ciaran

40

 * ✅Saint Ciaran

pp. 351ff

 * ✅Caius Gabriel Cibber
 * ✅Charlotte Cibber

38

 * ✅Colley Cibber
 * ✅Susannah Maria Cibber
 * ✅Theophilus Cibber
 * Saint Cilian
 * Cimelliauc
 * ✅Giovanni Battista Cipriani
 * ✅Richard of Cirencester
 * ✅✅Nicholas Clagett (Puritan)
 * ✅✅Nicholas Clagett (archdeacon)
 * ✅Nicholas Clagett

39

 * William Clagett (controversialist)
 * Charles Clagget
 * ✅Clara Mary Jane Clairmont
 * Baron Clanbrassil
 * Earl of Clancarty
 * Earl of Clancarty
 * Claneboye
 * ✅William Reid Clanny
 * Earl of Clanricarde
 * Earl of Clanwilliam
 * David Clapham
 * Henoch Clapham
 * ✅Samuel Clapham
 * Richard Clapole
 * ✅Hugh Clapperton
 * Richard Clapwell
 * Earls of Clare
 * Viscounts Clare
 * Family of de Clare
 * ✅Elizabeth de Clare
 * ✅Gilbert de Clare
 * ✅Gilbert de Clare
 * ✅Gilbert de Clare
 * ✅Gilbert de Clare
 * John Clare (Jesuit)
 * ✅John Clare
 * ✅Osbert de Clare
 * Peter Clare
 * Sir Ralph Clare
 * Richard de Clare
 * Richard de Clare
 * Richard de Clare
 * Richard de Clare
 * Roger de Clare
 * Walter de Clare
 * Clarembald
 * Dukes of Clarence
 * Duke of Clarence and Avondale
 * Earls of Clarendon
 * Sir Roger Clarendon
 * Sir Thomas Clarges
 * Claribel
 * Richard Claridge
 * Baron Clarina
 * John Chalk Claris
 * Sir Andrew Clark
 * Charles Clark
 * Edwin Clark
 * Frederick Scotson Clark
 * George Aitken Clark
 * George Thomas Clark
 * James Clark
 * Sir James Clark
 * Jeremiah Clark
 * John Clark
 * John Clark
 * John Clark
 * John Clark
 * Joseph Clark
 * Josiah Latimer Clark
 * Richard Clark
 * ✅✅Richard Clark (musician)
 * Samuel Clark (educationist)
 * Thomas Clark
 * Thomas Clark
 * Thomas Clark (painter)
 * ✅William Clark (priest)
 * William Clark
 * William Clark
 * William Clark
 * William George Clark
 * William Tierney Clark
 * John Clark-Kennedy
 * Adam Clarke
 * Alured Clarke
 * Sir Alured Clarke
 * Charles Clarke
 * ✅✅Charles Clarke
 * Charles Clarke
 * Charles Cowden Clarke
 * ✅Charles Mansfield Clarke
 * Cuthbert Clarke
 * ✅✅Edward Clarke (diplomat)
 * Edward Clarke (rector)
 * Edward Daniel Clarke
 * Edward Goodman Clarke
 * George Clarke
 * George Clarke
 * Harriet Ludlow Clarke
 * Henry Clarke
 * ✅✅Hewson Clarke
 * Jacob Augustus Lockhart Clarke
 * ✅✅James Clarke
 * James Fernandez Clarke
 * ✅✅James Stanier Clarke
 * Jeremiah Clarke
 * John Clarke
 * ✅John Clarke (1609–1676)
 * John Clarke (Jesuit)
 * John Clarke
 * ✅John Clarke (Dean of Salisbury)
 * John Clarke
 * John Clarke
 * John Clarke
 * John Clarke
 * John Randall Clarke
 * John Sleeper Clarke
 * Joseph Clarke (clergyman, 18th century)
 * Joseph Clarke (physician)
 * Joseph Clarke (clergyman, 19th century)
 * Marcus Andrew Hislop Clarke
 * Mary Anne Clarke
 * Mary Victoria Clarke
 * Matthew Clarke
 * Matthew Clarke
 * Matthew Clarke
 * Robert Clarke (judge)
 * Robert Clarke (poet)
 * Samuel Clarke (orientalist)
 * ✅Samuel Clarke (minister)
 * Samuel Clarke (annotator)
 * ✅Samuel Clarke
 * ✅Samuel Clarke
 * Theophilus Clarke
 * Sir Thomas Clarke
 * Thomas Clarke
 * ✅✅Timothy Clarke (physician)
 * William Clarke
 * William Clarke (physician)
 * ✅✅William Clarke (antiquary)
 * William Clarke
 * William Branwhite Clarke

pp. 451ff

 * William Fairlie Clarke
 * ✅✅David Clarkson (minister)
 * John Clarkson
 * Laurence Clarkson
 * Nathaniel Clarkson
 * Thomas Clarkson