Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 36


 * ✅ Thomas Robert Malthus
 * ✅James Malton
 * ✅✅Thomas Malton, the elder
 * ✅Thomas Malton
 * John Maltravers (born 1266)
 * ✅✅John Maltravers
 * William of Malvern
 * John Malverne
 * John Malverne
 * ✅ William Malvoisin
 * Gerard Malynes
 * ✅ Henry Man (writer)
 * James Man
 * ✅John Man
 * ✅Manasseh Ben Israel
 * Aaron Manby
 * Charles Manby
 * ✅George William Manby
 * Peter Manby (Dean of Derry)
 * Peter Manby (Jesuit)
 * Thomas Manby (painter)
 * ✅Thomas Manby
 * Dukes of Manchester
 * ✅Earls of Manchester
 * ✅ William Manderstown
 * Robert Mandevil
 * ✅ Bernard Mandeville
 * Geoffrey de Mandeville
 * Sir John Mandeville
 * William de Mandeville
 * John Manduit
 * ✅Sir James Manfield
 * James Mangan
 * ✅Thomas Mangey
 * Edward Mangin
 * James Mangles (Royal Navy)
 * ✅ Ross Donnelly Mangles
 * ✅ Richmal Mangnall
 * Frederick Edward Maning
 * ✅Antony Manini
 * ✅✅Henry Manisty
 * Mary De La Riviere Manley
 * Sir Roger Manley
 * Thomas Manley
 * Edward Manlove
 * ✅✅Timothy Manlove
 * ✅Gother Mann
 * Horace Mann
 * ✅✅Nicholas Mann (antiquarian)
 * Robert James Mann
 * Theodore Augustus Mann
 * ✅William Mann (astronomer)
 * ✅Catherine Manners
 * Charles Manners
 * ✅Charles Cecil John Manners
 * Edward Manners
 * ✅Francis Manners
 * George Manners
 * Henry Manners
 * ✅John Manners
 * John Manners
 * ✅John Manners
 * ✅John Manners
 * Robert Manners (d.1355)
 * Robert Manners (1408–1461)
 * ✅Lord Robert Manners (Royal Navy officer)
 * Roger Manners
 * ✅ Thomas Manners
 * ✅Charles Manners-Sutton
 * ✅Charles Manners-Sutton
 * John Henry Thomas Manners-Sutton
 * ✅Thomas Manners-Sutton
 * James Mannin
 * Anne Manning
 * Henry Edward Manning Henry Edward Manning (1808–1892), cardinal-priest; educated at Balliol College, Oxford, under Charles Wordsworth, and with William Ewart Gladstone; M.A., 1833; obtained post in colonial office, 1830: fellow, Merton College, 1832; curate of Woollavington-curnGraffbam, 1832, and rector, 1833: rural dean, 1837: archdeacon of Chichester, 1840; select preacher at Oxford, 1842; published The Unity of the Church an able expoition of Anglo-catholic principles, and Sermons 1844; disapproved of Tract XGY and preached antipapal sermon at Oxford on Guy Fawkes* day, 1843: voted against William George Ward's degradation by the Oxford convocation, 1846; travelled abroad and (1848) visited Pius IX; supported resistance to government grants ill aid of elementary schools, 1849; protested against Gorham judgement, 1860, ami wrote The Appellate Jurisdiction of the Crown in Matters Spiritual denying the jurisdiction; resigned archdeaconry and became Roman catholic, 1851; published The Grounds of Faith 1862; superior of Congregation of the Oblates of St. Charles at Bayswater, 1857: occupied himself in preaching, education, mission work, and literary defence of papal temporal power; appointed at Rome domestic prelate and monsignore, 1860; published letters To an Anglican Friend 1864, and on The Workings of the Holy Spirit in the Church of England addressed to Pusey; nominated Roman catholic archbishop of Westminster, 1865: published The Temporal Mission of the Holy Gh and 1875: as archbishop was autocratic and a thorough ultramontane; established Westminster Education Fund, 1868; supported infallibility of the pope, and published 'Petri PrivilegitinV 1871, and National Education 187J, in favour of voluntary teaching: contributed articles to various papers defending his orthodoxy and ultramontane theory; published The Vatican Decrees 1875, in answer to William Ewart Gladstone; published in the Daily Telegraph letters on the infallibility of the Roman church, in answer to Lord Redesdale, 1876 (reprinted, 1875); cardinal, 1875; carried on crusade against drink; a zealous philanthropist: sat on royal commisrinns on boosing of the poor. 1884-5, and Education Acts, 18801887, and published articles on those topics; favoured 3ll2  Gladstone's domestic politics in later life; great pr.:-lr  and ecclesiastical statesman: of apcvtu- T.-np.T: a subtle but speculative controversialist; pntilisli.il in late years  rnal Priesthood 1883, sermons, and other works.
 * James Manning
 * Marie Manning
 * Owen Hanking
 * Robert Manning
 * Samuel Manning (the younger)

9

 * Samuel Manning (the elder)
 * Samuel Manning
 * ✅Thomas Manning
 * William Manning (minister)
 * William Oke Manning
 * ✅John Manningham
 * ✅ Sir Richard Manningham
 * ✅Thomas Manningham
 * John Mannock
 * ✅Walter de Manny

10

 * Robert Mannyng
 * ✅Charles Grenville Mansel
 * ✅Henry Longueville Mansel
 * ✅John Mansel
 * ✅William Lort Mansel
 * ✅Francis Mansell
 * ✅Sir Robert Mansell
 * Sir Thomas Mansell
 * ✅Earls of Mansfield
 * ✅Charles Blachford Mansfield

11

 * ✅Henry de Mansfield
 * ✅James Mansfield
 * ✅ Sir William Rose Mansfield
 * Henry Manship
 * Henry Manship
 * ✅David Manson
 * ✅George Manson
 * ✅ Richard Mant
 * Walter Bishop Mant
 * ✅ Thomas Mante

12

 * ✅ Gideon Algernon Mantell
 * Joshua Mantell
 * ✅ Sir Thomas Mantell
 * John Manton
 * ✅ Joseph Manton
 * ✅Thomas Manton
 * ✅ Cosmo Manuche
 * ✅ Roger Manwaring
 * ✅ John Manwood
 * ✅ Sir Peter Manwood

13

 * ✅ Sir Roger Manwood
 * ✅ Walter Map
 * John Maplet
 * ✅ John Maplet
 * ✅John Mapletoft
 * ✅Robert Mapletoft
 * Earls of Mar
 * ✅ Donald, 10th Earl of Mar
 * ✅ Donald, 12th Earl of Mar
 * ✅ Thomas Mar
 * William Mar

14

 * ✅ Gertrude Elizabeth Mara
 * William de Mara
 * John Marbeck
 * ✅ Roger Marbeck
 * ✅ Alexander John Gaspard Marcet
 * Jane Maecet
 * Earls of March
 * Earls of March
 * ✅Mrs March
 * ✅John March
 * John March
 * William March
 * ✅ Nathaniel Marchant
 * ✅ Giuseppe Filippo Liberati Marchi
 * John Marchiley
 * Earls of Marchmont
 * ✅ John Marckant
 * Robert Samuel Marcuard
 * John Mardeley
 * John Mardisley
 * Sir Peter De La Mare
 * Thomas De La Mare
 * ✅ Maredudd ab Owain
 * ✅Maredudd ab Bleddyn Maredudd
 * Philip Marett
 * ✅ Robert Pipon Marett
 * John Marfeld
 * St Margaret
 * ✅Margaret, Queen of Scots
 * ✅Margaret of France, Queen of England
 * ✅Margaret Stewart, Dauphine of France
 * ✅Margaret, Maid of Norway
 * ✅ Margaret of Anjou Margaret of Anjou (1430–1482), queen consort of Henry VI; daughter of Rene of Anjou; brought up by her grandmother, Yolande of Aragon in Anjou; truce of Tours confirming her betrothal to Henry VI siifnrl, Mil; married by proxy at Nancy, 1445, these events being brought about by Beaufort and the peace party: i-ntm-l London and crowned at Westminster Abbey in Ml 1446; devoted her abilities towards identifying IHTM It and Henry VI with one faction, the Beaufort-Suffolk party: brought about Henry's surrender of possession* in Maine, 1445; appropriated greedily part of Duke Humphrey's estates on his death, 1447: on fall of Suffolk (14-J'J ti -.inferred her confidence to Somerset, who incurred unpopularity by his loss of Normandy and Gulenue: liberated Somerset from prison, 1450, and drove Richard, duke of York, into violent courses; displayed covetousness and high-handedness: foundol, with Andrew Doket, QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1448; gave birth to son Edward, 1463; failed to secure regency on Henry's prostration, but on his recovery (1455) tried to crush York; defeated at St. Albans, 1455, when Somerset was killed, on which York again became protector: left Henry in disgust, 1456; was seemingly reconciled to York, 1458, but forthwith stirred up country against his party; communicated secretly with Breze, seneschal mandy: on Henry's defeat at Northampton, MI". rtd with the prince into Cheshire, and after many adventures took refuge successively at Harlech Cu-tl.-, at Denbigh, and in Scotland; signed treaty at Liiu-ludvn consenting to Edward's marriage with Mary of BooUaad and surrendering Berwick, 1461; after victory at Wakefield (1460) marched to London and defeated Warwick at St. Albans, 1461; showed great bruUility in execution of her enemies: after defeat at Towton ( March 1461 ) retired again to Scotland with Henry, surrendering Berwick to the Scot*: went to Brittany and Anjou and appealed to Louis XI, 1462; invaded Northumberland with Brea* and French troops, but failed, 1462: protected by a robber: landed at Sluy*, 1463, almost d-.tituu-; took refuge in finally with her father: sent Jasper Tudor ": made treaty with Warwick    470- landed at Wevmouth with forces, 1471, Wnwhile Warwick had been killed tan*     her Mm being slain on the field and her husband niarderedsoon after, 1471: rematnei imprisoned till, 1476; was conveyed    released by treaty of Peoquigny, 1476; was conveyeu braid and pensioned by Lonis XI, but compelled to surrender all rights of Buccession to French territory; lived in extreme poverty and isolation in Anjou, and was buried at Angers; Commemorated by Chastellain and Drayton 8hApere probably little responsible for the portrait of her in King Henry VI
 * ✅ Margaret of Denmark
 * Margaret
 * Margaret Beaufort
 * ✅ Margaret Tudor Margaret Tudor (1489–1541), queen of Scotland ; eldest daughter of Henry VII: married James IV of Scotland at Holyrood, 1503: crowned, 1504; gave birth to six children, two of whom survived, James (afterwards James V) and Alexander; supported English party against the French; on James IV's death at Flodden, 1513. became regent and guardian of young king, but met with great opposition; secured peaoj with England, 1514; married Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus,  1514, whereby she strengthened French party; was besieged in Stirling and compelled to give up regency and young king to John Stewart, duke of Albany, 1615; escaped to England and gave birth to Margaret, afterwards Countess of Lennox: returned to Edinburgh, 1617, but the promise made her of dower, rents, and access to her son never fulfilled; quarrelled with her hnsband, Angus, 1518: joined French party; was allowed accesK to the king, but constantly changed sides; allied herself with Albany, 1621; was accused ofover-tenderness* for him, and caused withdrawal of her husband, Angus, to France; played with both parties; carried off her son James to Edinburgh, and abrogated Albany's regency, but alienated support by rash actions, 1524; fired on Angus when he broke into Edinburgh, but admitted him to the regency, 1525; regained influence over her son .linn.--, but retired to Stirling on his refusal to allow return of Henry Stewart, first lord Methven, her favourite; obtained divorce from Angus, 1527, and married Ptewart, and together with him became James's chief adviser on fall of Angus, 1528; helped to bring about peace with England, 1634; accused by James of taking bribes from England, and treated with coldness by Henry VIII; interceded with Henry VIII for her daughtei Lady Margaret Douglas, 1536; endeavoured unsuccessful!, to procure divorce from Henry Stewart; attempted tc escape into England, but was overtaken, 1537; troubled Henry VIII with various complaints; died at Methven Castle; buried in the church of St. John at Perth.
 * ✅ Augustus Raymond Margary
 * ✅ James Margetson
 * ✅ Moses Margoliouth
 * Ralph Marham
 * Scotus Marianus
 * Marianus Scotus
 * ✅ William Mariner
 * Earls Marischal
 * Adam de Marisco
 * Geoffrey de Marisco
 * Hervey de Marisco
 * Richard de Marisco
 * Thomas Markaunt
 * Mrs Markham
 * Francis Markham
 * Frederick Markham
 * Gervase Markham
 * Sir Griffin Markham
 * John Markham
 * Sir John Markham
 * John Markham (Royal Navy officer)
 * Peter Markham
 * ✅William Markham
 * Abraham Markland
 * James Heywood Markland
 * Jeremiah Markland
 * ✅ Henry Stacy Marks
 * Nathaniel Markwick
 * Dukes of Marlborough
 * Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough
 * Earls of Marlborough
 * Henry of Marlborough
 * Thomas de Marleberge
 * William Marlow
 * Christopher Marlowe Christopher Marlowe (1564–1593), tist; son of a Canterbury shoemaker; educated at King's School, Canterbury, and Corpus Cbri*ti College, Cambridge; M.A.. 1587; attached himself to Earl of Nottingham's theatrical company, which produced most of bis plays: acquainted with leading men of letters, including Raleigh; wrote, not later than 1587, Tamburlaine (published, 1590), in which he gave new development to blank verse; wrote The Tragedy of Dr. Faustos (first entered on StationersRegister 1601, but not apparently published till 1604), which was well received: produced after 1688,The Jew of Malta* (first published, 1633), Edward II the best-constructed of his plays, 1593 (first published, 1594), and two inferior pieces, the Massacre at Paris(probably published, 1600), andTragedy of Dido(joint work of Marlowe and Nash), published, 1594: pointed to as part author of Shakespeare's "Titus Andronicus by internal evidence: wrote much of the second and third parts of Henry VI which Shakespeare revised and completed, and ofEdward III translated Grid's Amores (published with Sir John Davies's Epigrammes and Elegies e. 1597); paraphrased part of Mosseus's Hero and Leander(completed by George Chapman and published, 1698); translated The First Book of Lacan*s Pharsalia (published, 1600): wrote the song Come live with me and be my love(published in "The Passionate Pilgrim 1599, and in England's Helicon; held and propagated atheistical opinions, and a warrant issued for his arrest, !: killed in a drunken brawl at Deptfonl probably not guilty of the blasphemy and gross immoiality often ascribed to him: spoken of with affection by Edward Blount, Nashe, and Chapman: his mighty line noken of by Ben Jonson: quoted and apostrophised by Bbjkkamue mAs yon like it.* Marlowe excelled in portraying human ambition and exerted much influence over Shakespeare, His collected works were first published, :,;.
 * Philip Marmion
 * Robert Marmion
 * Robert Marmion
 * Shackerley Marmion
 * Robert Marnock
 * Carlo Marochetti
 * Frederick Marrable
 * ✅ Giacinto Marras
 * William Marrat
 * John Marrey
 * Charles Marriott
 * Sir James Marriott
 * John Marriott
 * John Marriott
 * Wharton Booth Marriott
 * George Marrowe
 * Florence Marryat
 * Frederick Marryat
 * Thomas Marryat
 * ✅✅John Buxton Marsden
 * John Howard Marsden
 * ✅Samuel Marsden
 * ✅William Marsden (orientalist)
 * William Marsden (surgeon)
 * Alphonso Marsh the elder
 * Alphonso Marsh te younger
 * Charles Marsh (antiquary)
 * Charles Marsh (MP)
 * Francis Marsh
 * George Marsh
 * Henry Marsh
 * Herbert Marsh
 * James Marsh
 * John Marsh
 * ✅ John Fitchett Marsh
 * Narcissus Marsh
 * William Marsh
 * Anne Marsh-Caldwell
 * Andrew Marshal
 * Anselm Marshal
 * Ebenezer Marshal
 * Gilbert Marshal
 * John Marshal (warrior
 * John Marshal(Marshal of Ireland)
 * Richard Marshal
 * Walter Marshal
 * ✅William Marshal William Marshal, first Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1219), regent of England; son of John Marshal (d. 1164 ?); hostage in Stephen's hands, 1152; trained in Normandy; accompanied his nncle, Earl Patrick, to Poitou, 1168, but was wounded and captured: ransomed by Queen Eleanor; guardian of Prince Henry, 1170: sided with the prince in his rebellion against his father: left the court. 1182; went to France; recalled, 1183; on death of young Henry started for the Holy Land to bear Henry II's cross to the holy sepulchre and performed great exploits there; returned, c. 1187; became member of king's household; present at conference of Oisors, 1 188, and volunteered to fight as champion; promised the band of the heiress of Pembroke and Striguil; failed in mission to King Philip of France at Paris, 1189; took part in engagement*; spared Prince Richard's life in battle: remained faithful to Henry II to the last at Chinon; joint-marshal at Richard I's coronation, 1189; subordinate justiciar under Longchamp; subsequently joined in opposition toLongchnmp; received Nottingham Castle to bold for Richard I, 1 191: associated in govern  . with Walter de Coutances and excommunicated by Longchamp; retained Richard I's favour: took up arms against Earl John, brother of Richard I, 1193; accompanied Richard to Normandy, 1194, and took part in    fighting: made treaties with counts of Boulogne and Flanders, 1196; appointed custodian of Rouen by Richard before his death, 1199; declared for King John, and with Hubert secured his peaceful succession in England, 1199; invaded Wales, 1204; with John's consent did homage to King Philip oi France for his Norman lands, 1204; refused to accompany John's projected expedition to Poitou, 1205; entrusted with defence of England in John's absence, 1206; visited his estates in Ireland, 1207; recalled to England, and his Irish lands ravaged by John's direction: returned to Ireland, 1208, and obtained full possession: received William de Braose, 1208; compelled to give hostages to John; protested against papal encroachments, 1212; returned to England, 1213: became John's chief adviser, 1213; witnessed charter of resignation to pope, 1213; made guardian of John's eldest son, and guardian of England, 1214, during John's absence abroad; one of John's envoys to the barons, but also one of the counsellers of Magna Carta, 1215; sent to France to avert threatened invasion, end of 1216: executor of John's will, 1216; regent, 1216: republished Great Charter with omissions, 1216; took Lincoln, 1217, while Hubert defeated French fleet; effected treaty of Lambeth (1217) with Louis, and made himself responsible for payment of 10,000 marks; established order in the kingdom; took habit of a Templar before his death at Caversham, near Reading; possessed lands in Ireland, England, Wales, and Normandy.
 * ✅William Marshal
 * Arthur Milnes Marshall
 * Benjamin Marshall
 * Charles Marshall (Quaker)
 * Charles Marshall (painter)
 * Charles Ward Marshall
 * Edward Marshall (mason)
 * Emma Marshall
 * Francis Albert Marshall
 * George Marshall
 * Henry Marshall
 * James Marshall (minister)
 * ✅Sir James Marshall
 * Jane Marshall
 * John Marshall (1534–1597)
 * John Marshall (schoolmaster)
 * John Marshall (naval author)
 * John Marshall (statistician)
 * ✅John Marshall
 * John Marshall
 * Joshua Marshall
 * Nathaniel Marshall
 * Stephen Marshall
 * ✅Thomas Marshall (dean)
 * Thomas Falcon Marshall
 * Thomas William Marshall
 * Walter Marshall
 * William Marshall (translator)
 * William Marshall (engraver)
 * William Marshall (agriculturist)
 * William Marshall (composer)
 * William Marshall (organist)
 * William Marshall (minister)
 * ✅ William Calder Marshall
 * Sir John Marsham
 * Thomas Marsham
 * ✅George Marshe
 * John Clark Marshman
 * Joshua Marshman
 * Barons Marston
 * John Marston
 * John Westland Marston
 * Philip Bourke Marston
 * ✅Henry Marten (politician)
 * ✅Henry Marten (regicide)
 * Maria Marten
 * ✅Richard Martial
 * John Martiall
 * ✅Martin
 * ✅Lady Martin
 * Martin of Alnwick
 * Anthony Martin
 * Bendal Martin
 * Benjamin Martin
 * David Martin
 * Edward Martin
 * Elias Martin
 * Francis Martin
 * Frederick Martin
 * Sir George Martin
 * George William Martin
 * Gregory Martin
 * Harriet Letitia Martin
 * Hugh Martin
 * James Martin
 * James Martin (premier)
 * Sir James Ranald Martin
 * John Martin (nonjuror)
 * John Martin (baptist)
 * John Martin (painter)
 * John Martin (bibliographer)
 * John Martin (meteorologist)
 * ✅John Martin (Ireland)
 * John Frederick Martin
 * Jonathan Martin (organist)
 * ✅Jonathan Martin
 * Josiah Martin
 * Leopold Charles Martin
 * Martin Martin
 * Mary Letitia Martin
 * Matthew Martin (philanthropist)
 * Peter John Martin
 * ✅Richard Martin (Lord Mayor of London)
 * ✅Richard Martin (Recorder of London)
 * ✅Richard Martin (politician)
 * Robert Montgomery Martin
 * Samuel Martin
 * ✅Sir Samuel Martin (politician)
 * Sarah Martin
 * ✅Thomas Martin
 * ✅ Thomas Barnewall Martin
 * Sir Thomas Byam Martin
 * ✅William Martin
 * ✅William Martin (naturalist)
 * William Martin (painter)
 * William Martin (philosopher)
 * William Martin (writer)
 * ✅Sir William Martin (judge)
 * William Charles Linnaeus Martin
 * Sir William Fanshawe Martin
 * Adam Martindale
 * Miles Martindale
 * Gabriel Martindell
 * ✅✅George Martine (historian)
 * ✅✅George Martine (physician)
 * Harriet Martineau
 * James Martineau
 * Robert Braithwaite Martineau
 * Russell Martineau
 * Benjamin Martyn
 * Elizabeth Martyn
 * Francis Martyn
 * Henry Martyn
 * ✅John Martyn (botanist)
 * Richard Martyn (Bishop of St David's)
 * ✅Thomas Martyn (jurist)
 * Thomas Martyn (died 1816)
 * ✅Thomas Martyn
 * ✅✅William Martyn (historian)
 * Andrew Marvell (died 1641)
 * ✅Andrew Marvell Andrew Marvell, the younger (1621–1678), poet and satirist; son of Andrew Marvell the elder; educated under his father at Hull grammar school; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1638; contributed verses to Musa Oantabrigiensis 1637; travelled abroad; wrote poems, including satire on death of Thomas May; tutor to Mary, daughter of Lord Fairfax, e. 1650; wrote poems in praise of gardens and country life, and became ardent republican; recommended unsuccessfully to council of state by Milton to be his assistant in the secretaryship for foreign tongues, 1653; resided at Eton, In house of John Oxenhridge, as tutor of William Dutton, Cromwell's ward, 1653; became Milton's colleague in Latin secretaryship, 1657; wrote several poems in the Protector's honour, including Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland 1650, his greatest achievement (first printed, 1776) and elegy upon his death; thrice elected M.P., Hull, 1660 and 1661; guarded vigilantly interests of his constituents and corresponded with corporation; went to Holland, 1663; accompanied Earl of Carlisle, ambassador to northern powers, as secretary, 1663-5, publishing an account of the mission, 1669; vigorously defended Milton; opposed Bill for Securing the Protestant Religion, 1677; became disgusted at management of public affairs, and wrote, for private circulation, bitter satires, first attacking ministers, but afterwards Charles II himself, and advocating republic; wrote the Rehearsal Transprosed 1672 and 1678, against Samuel Parker, afterwards bishop of Oxford, a leading champion of intolerance; took part al.o in controversy about predestination, 1 678; wrote, anonymously, Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government in England 1677, which produced great sensation; according to his biographer, Cooke, refused court favours; intimate with James Harrington and Milton; wrote prefatory lines extolling themighty poetto second edition ofParadise Lost and rebuked Dryden for attempting to convert it into a rhyming opera; as pamphleteer was admired by Swift; his work as poet belongs to pre- Restoration period.
 * Charles Thomas Marvin
 * William Marwood
 * ✅Mary I of England Mary I (1516–1558), queen of England and Ireland ; third but only "nrviving child of Henry VIII and Catherine of Arragon; tentatively betrothed to son of Francis I, and subsequently to the Emperor Charles V; made princess or governor of Wales at Ludlow Castle, 1 525; studied Greek, Latin, French, Italian, science, and music, and read Erasmus's Paraphrases and More's Utopia; attended by Countess of Salisbury, mother of Reginald Pole; was separated from her mother on Queen Catherine's divorce, 1532, but boldly avowed sympathy with her; was declared illegitimate, 1533, but refused to give up title of princess; sent to Hatfleld to reside there with her half-sister Princess Elizabeth, under care of Lady Shelton, aunt of Anne Boleyn; ill-treated, denounced by Henry, and her life threatened; received much public sympathy and had a protector in the Emperor Charles V; after Queen Anne Boleyn's execution was reconciled vith Henry VIII on acknowledging her illegitimacy and the king's ecclesiastical supremacy; chief mourner at funeral of Queen Jane Seymour, 1537; proposed in marriage to Duke Philip of Bavaria, 1539; declared capable of inheriting crown after Henry's legitimate children, 1544; translated Erasmus's Latin paraphrase of St. John; on friendly terms with her half-brother Edward and her half-sister Elizabeth after her father's death and Edward's succession to the throne, 1547; received proposal of marriage from Lord Seymour; refused to give up mass on passing of Act of Uniformity, 1549; was supported by Charles V, who prepared for her escape to the continent; on Edward VI's death and proclamation as queen of Lady Jane Grey, took refuge at Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, 1553; on country declaring for her accession to the throne, journeyed to London, and was proclaimed queen 18 July; released Duke of Norfolk, Stephen Gardiner, and other prisoners in the Tower of Londou; first queen regnant of England; announced her intention abroad to re-introduce Homan Catholicism, but promised in England that religion should be settled by common consent; restored Gardiner and Bonner to their sees and made Gardiner chancellor and chief adviser, 1553; executed the Duke of Northumberland, but for the time spared Lady Jane Grey; crowned with great splendour, 1 Oct. 1553; in first parliament abolished new treasons and felonies and Edward VI's religious laws; had her legitimacy declared; announced (contrary to Gardiner's and to the French ambassador's wishe-) intention of marrying her cousin Philip of Spain, a suitor agreeable to her on account of his fanatical Roman Catholicism; evoked by her steadfast pursuit of this project three insurrections, 1554; showed courage in rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt, who marched into London but was defeated in the city; executed Wyatt, Duke of Suffolk, Lady Jane Grey and her husband, and many others, and imprisoned Princess Elizabeth; began campaign against protestantism and expelled married clergy; married Philip of Spain at Winchester, 25 July, 1564, and pardoned Elizabeth; with Philip opened parliament which reversed Cardinal Pole's attainder and passed acts restoring papal power; imagined herself to be pregnant; gave consent to re-enactment of statute against lollardy and set on foot great persecution, ninety-six protestants suffering death, including Bishop Hooper, during 1555, and three hundred before end of the reign; restored some of the property taken by the crown from the church and re-established many monasteries; had disputes with her husband, who left the country (Aug. 1555): suffered from continued ill-health and grief caused by Philip's absence; received Philip at Greenwich, 1567; agreed to join in his schemes of war with France; said farewell to Philip, July 1557; successfully resisted appointment by the pope of new legate in place of Pole, 1557; demanded forced loans to support war against France and Scotland; lost Calais, Jan. 1658; took measures during her last days to secure accession of Elizabeth; buried in Westminster Abbey. Religious devotion to the catholic faith was the central feature of Mary's life, inducing her to marry Philip, one of the great errors of her reign, and to persecute her protestant subjects. Owing mainly to her persecution of the protestants, her personal character has been assailed with fanatical animosity,
 * ✅Mary II of England Mary U (1662–1694), queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland; eldest child of James II and Anne Hyde, lived with her grandfather, Clarendon, at Twickenham.;md later at Richmond P.ihice; brought tip a protrstan: n-i-ived r.MOM irm nmpmn, bishop of London; rrwrru-d William of Orange, tin- marriage being part of Danby's policy for pacifying parliament; left with her husband for Holland, 1677; at first n! tM by William; received visit* from the Duke and DH.II.S of York and from Monmouth, 1679; received the latter again, 1685; obtained great popularity itch by her noble and amiable character; estranged from English court on expedition of Monniouth; promised William that he should always bear rule. 1686; obliged to dismiss Burnet, 1687; joined with William in protesting against Declaration of Indulgence; received proselytising letters from her father, James II, 1687-8; identified herself completely with William In subsequent events; believed birth of Prince of Wales a fraud. 1688; repudiated idea of reigning as sole sovereign i-tod by Danby); arrived in England, 1689; accepted crown with William and assented to Declaration of Righto; interfered little in public affairs, bat was very popular; settled at Hampton Oourt and Kensington Palace; endeavoured to improve social morals, and in accordance with her puritan opinions abolished singing of prayers at the Chapel Royal, Whitehall; became estranged from her sinter, Princess Anne; governed England during William's absence, and in a time of great crisis, 1690-1; exercised wise patronage in church matters, and endeavoured to obtain lenient treatment for nonjuring bishops; alarmed by conspiracy of Anne and the Marlboroughf, 1692; administered government, 1692; disturbed by fears of a French invasion, conspiracies against her life and that of William, and William's defeats in Holland; addressed letter of confidence to the navy; issued orders to magistrates for enforcing law against vice; resumed regency, 1698 and 1694; requested and obtained loan from city of London of 300,0007.: died of small-pox, to the great grief of William and England and Holland, her scheme of Greenwich Hospital being carried out by William in memory of her; buried in Henry VII's chapel, Westminster Abbey. Obliged by fate to choose between father and husband, she chose the latter, making devotion to William Ill's interest* almost a religious duty, but retaining kindly feelings for James II till his connivance in Grand vaal's attempt on William's life, 1692. She endowed William and Mary Missionary College, Virginia, and supported S.P.C.K.
 * Mary of Modena Mary of Modena (1658–1718), queen of James II of England; only daughter of Alfonso IV, duke of Modena; brought up religiously and strictly; intended becoming a nun; married James, duke of York, through influence of Louis XIV, who aimed at England's conversion and subservience to French policy, 1673; received with great honours on tor way to England at Versailles and elsewhere; found favour at court and was attached to her husband's daughters, Mary and Anne, but shared unpopularity of James with the public; gave birth to five children, 16751682, who all died young; visited Mary in Holland, 1678; her secretary, Edward Coleman (d. 1678), fatally Involved in thePopish plot though she herself was innocent; accompanied James, on his withdrawal from England, to the Netherlands, 1679, and to Scotland; returned with him to England, 1680, and again to Scotland; finally came to London with him, 1682; on accession of James II to the throne became identified with aggressive Roman catholic faction; became ill and distressed by the king's infidelities, 1685; announced her pregnancy, 1687; gave birth to Prince of Wales, 1688, an event beyond question, but then commonly disbelieved, suspicion being greatly increased by absence of the proper witnesses; fled to France, followed soon afterwards by James; in contrast with James made very favourable impression on French court; supported schemes for Invasion of England and for exciting religious war; corresponded with Jacobites; resided at St. Germains Palace, retiring frequently to nunnery at Chaillot; gave birth to Princess Louisa, 1692; received with James pension of fifty thousand crowns a month from Louis, and after bis death, 1701, annuity of a hundred thousand francs: buried at Chaillot; was praised by St. Simon and Madame de Sevigne, but was always unpopular in England.
 * Mary Queen of Scots Mary Queen of Scots (1542–1587), third child and only daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise; queen in infancy on her father's death,   164*: sent to France, 1548, the agreement for her marriage with the dauphin of France (Pn:  y the estate*: educated with royal children of Prance: brought up strict Roman catholic, and taught various accomplishments, but not English: famou* for her beauty and grace; the great hope of Catholicism; married Francis, 1558, and made secret treaty delivering Scotland to France in case of her death without heir: laid claim to English throne on dengreat-granddaughter of Henry 1    Mtb of Mary I, 15*8, as VII; styled berseU qoasn her husband Praneto IPs    of England; was prostrated by 1 death, 1560; entertained various proposals of marriage which were brought forward by the Guises, bat obstructed by Catherine de Medici: determined to return to Scotland; arrived, 1561, accompanied by Brantome, Chastelard, and others; heard mass in her chapel; bad stormy with Knox, who had denounced the idolatry; informed the pope of her determination to restore Catholicism; carried on negotiation* with Elizabeth for a reconciliation, 1: entered into sports of the nobles and life of the people, and disarmed hostility: conferred on the protestant Lord James Stewart, afterwards earl of Moray (1531 7-1670), the title of Earl of Mar, and sanctioned expedition against George Gordon, fourth earl of Hnntly, 1562: sent Maltland to England to claim right of succession to Elizabeth, 1563; showed imprudent partiality for Chastelard, who was executed, after being found concealed in her bedroom, 1563; ber project of marriage with Don Carlos of Spain thwarted by the French; pretended to be guided in choice of a husband by Elizabeth, who proposed the Earl of Leicester, 1563; married in 1565 Henry Stewart, earl of Darnley, thus strengthening her claims as heir-presumptive and defying Elizabeth; marched with a force to Glasgow to capture Moray and rebellious lords, on which Moray took refuge in England; determined to make herself absolute and to impose Roman catholic-ism on the country; quarrelled with Darnley, who was supported ly the nobles; her favourite, Rizzio, murdered, 156G; determined on revenge, but for the time was reconciled to ber husband; fled to Dunbar with Darnley and entered Edinburgh with a powerful force; gave birth to a prince (afterwards James I of England), 1566; became finally estranged from Darnley and showed more marked favour to James Hepburn, fourth earl of Bothwell; visited Darnley at Glasgow, 1567; persuaded him to accompany her to Edinburgh, and was met by Bothwell, who conveyed them to a house in Kirk-oField, which was blown up in her temporary absence, Darnley being killed; was probably actuated, in conniving at the murder, by motives of revenge and love for Bothwell; co-operated with Bothwell and others in making trial of murderers a fiasco, and left for Seton with Bothwell and others implicated; was carried off to Dunbar, probably at her own instigation: refused offer of a rescue; married to Bothwell at Edinburgh with protestant rites, 1567; consented to prohibition of cathedral services throughout Scotland, 1567; joined Bothwell, who had escaped from Borth wick Castle, and rode with him to Dunbar; delivered herself to the lords at Carberry Hill, and was imprisoned at Locbleven, 1567; was allowed to choose between a divorce, a trial at which the Casket letters were to be adduced as evidence, and abdication: chose the last and nominated Moray regent; escaped from Lochleven (1568) with George Douglas to Hamilton Palace, where she was joined by nobles and six thousand men; watched the battle of Langside, and seeing all was lost escaped to England, 1568; guarded closely at Carl'sle and denied interview by Elizabeth till she had cleared herself of Darnley's murder; refused to allow Elizabeth's jurisdiction when conferences meeting at York and Westminster finally reached a formal verdict that nothing bad been proved against either party: was nevertheless kept for life a prisoner by Elizabeth; removed to care of Earl of Shrewsbury, 1569, to Tutbury, and to Wingfleld; accepted proposal of marriage with Norfolk, and joined plot formed for her escape and for a catholic rising, 1569: on advance of Northumberland and Westmorland to Tutbury was    Sheffield; her death contemplated by Elizabeth after R idol ft plot, 1572, and the massacre of t. Bartholomew; made plans for escape, but achieved nothing by treating with both parties; proposed to pope and Philip conquest of England, and superintended details of projected in ration under toe Duke of Ouiae; was accused unjustly by Countess of Shrewsbury of criminal intrigues with Shrewsbury, and removed onoe more to Wingfii-ld: was ignored by her son James VI in negotiations between England and Scotland, 1684, on which she bequeathed her crown to Philip II of Spain: was removed to Tutbury and then to Ohartley, 1686: involved lT,i-lf. through facilities afforded her by Walsingbatn, in the Babington conspiracy; was removed to Fotheringay; put on her trial there, 1586, condemned to death, and was at length executed, 1687, Elizabeth maintaining that she bad never intended the execution to take place. A woman of much cultivation, she wrote verse of no great merit. Adieu plaisant pays de France sometimes ascribed to her, was* really written by Meusuier de Querlon.
 * Mary of Gueldres
 * Mary of Guise Mary of Guise (1515–1560), queen of James V of Scotland, and mother of Mary Queen of Scots ; daughter of Claude, count of Guise; married Louis of Orleans, 1534, and gave birth to a son, Francis, 1635: sought in marriage by Henry VIII on death of her husband, 1537; married James V of Scotland at Paris, 1538, and brought him as dower 150,000 livres; after giving birth to two princes, who died, became mother of a daughter, Mary, 1542; almost at the same time received news of disaster of Solway Moor and death of James; failed in preventing nomination to regency of James Hamilton, second earl of Arran and duke of Chatelherault, who as next heir after the infant princess was regent according to constitutional precedent, but being a protestant and supporter of English interests came under her displeasure; carried off by David Beaton, her chief adviser, with her daughter to Stirling, 1543: accused of too great familiarity with Beaton; accepted French offers of help against England, on which war was declared; desired to marry her daughter in France, but was opposed by Arran and Beaton; secured support of the Douglases, 1544, and was left leading figure in Scotland by murder of Beaton, 1546; resisted Somerset's attempts to force Mary's marriage with Edward VI; showed great courage in subsequent disasters; obtained consent of nobles and parliament to Mary's marriage with the dauphin, 1548; sent the princess to France; made peace, 1650; went to France and was received with great honour: on her way back to Scotland visited Edward VI, 1551; became regent of Scotland, 1554; bent on bringing Scotland into line with policy of her family, the Guises; but in order to promote French marriage was obliged to temporise with protestant party; provoked war with England, 1657, but failed to raise force for invasion; succeeded in bringing about marriage of Mary and dauphin, 1688, and subsequently (1559) treated reformers with severity, with the result that civil war broke out; received help from France, while the protestante were encouraged by Cecil, by English money, and the aid of Arran; fortified Leith with French help on approach of English force to besiege Leith, took refuge in Edinburgh Castle and died there.
 * Mary of France
 * ✅Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
 * ✅Princess Mary of Great Britain
 * ✅Princess Mary
 * ✅Mary of Buttermere
 * ✅Viscounts Maryborough
 * ✅Baronet Maryborough
 * Stephen de Marzai
 * Edward James Mascall
 * ✅✅Leonard Mascall
 * Robert Mascall
 * Paul Mascarene
 * Michael Maschiart
 * Francis Maseres
 * Abigail Masham
 * Damaris Masham
 * ✅Samuel Masham
 * Samuel Masham
 * William Maskell
 * Nevil Maskelyne
 * Charles Mason (priest)
 * ✅Charles Mason
 * Francis Mason (archdeacon)
 * Francis Mason
 * George Mason
 * ✅ ✅George Heming Mason
 * George Henry Monck Mason
 * Henry Mason (clergyman)
 * Henry Joseph Monck Mason
 * James Mason (engraver)
 * James Mason (writer)
 * ✅John Mason (diplomat)
 * John Mason (Corpus)
 * ✅John Mason (governor)
 * ✅John Mason (c.1600–1672)
 * John Mason (poet)
 * John Mason (minister)
 * John Charles Mason
 * John Monck Mason
 * Sir Josiah Mason
 * Martin Mason
 * Richard Mason
 * Robert Mason (died 1635)
 * Robert Mason (secretary)
 * ✅Thomas Mason (clergyman)
 * Thomas Mason (poet)
 * ✅✅William Mason (stenographer)
 * ✅William Mason (poet)
 * William Monck Mason
 * ✅William Shaw Mason