Wikipedia:WikiProject Space 2019/OTD/July 20

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 * 1779 – Tekle Giyorgis I began the first of his six reigns as Emperor of Ethiopia.


 * 1940 – The Arroyo Seco Parkway, one of the first freeways built in the United States, opened to traffic, connecting downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena, California.
 * 1944 – Adolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt by German Resistance member Claus von Stauffenberg, who hid a bomb inside a briefcase during a conference at the Wolfsschanze military headquarters in East Prussia.
 * 1982 – Members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army detonated two bombs in Hyde Park and Regent's Park in London, killing 11 people, 7 horses, and wounding over 50 other people.
 * 1987 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 was adopted, calling for an immediate ceasefire in the Iran–Iraq War.
 * 1997 – After being fully restored, USS Constitution, one of the United States Navy's first ships, sailed for the first time in 116 years.
 * 1999 – The Chinese government began a persecution campaign against Falun Gong, arresting thousands nationwide.
 * 2012 – Gunman James Holmes opened fire at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, U.S., killing 12 people and injuring 58 others.
 * Born/died this day: Gregor Mendel (b. 1822)·