Wikipedia:WikiProject Weather/Project resources/Tropical cyclone

Welcome to the Tropical cyclone task force's resource section, which provides helpful links that can easily be utilized as sources or general research on tropical cyclones. These sources are generally considered reliable and verifiable information. If you found a useful link that has not been included here, feel free to add it to the appropriate section. Furthermore, if you find a link here that no longer functions, feel free to remove it. For convenience some links are repeated.

General links

 * 1991 - 001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 018, 019, 020, 021, 022.


 * 1992 - 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 040, 041, 042, 043,044, 045, 046, 047, 048, 049, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 057, 058, 059, 060, 061, 062, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 068,069,070,071,072,073, 074.


 * 1993 - 075, 076, 077 078 079, 080 081, 082, 083, 084, 085, 086, 087, 089, 090, 091, 092, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126.


 * 1994 - 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, [ 146], 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162,163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178.


 * 1995 - 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230.


 * 1996 - 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254.
 * Note — Jack Beven also compiled the Mariners Weather Logs Hurricane Alley for a while, as a result some of the Mariner Weather Logs Hurricane Alley which were more detailed.


 * Monthly Weather Review Search
 * Gary Padgett Summaries – Track data and detailed tropical discussion from October 1997 to February 2009
 * Historical Hurricane Tracks – Interactive map for locating tropical cyclone tracks. Useful for see also sections. May need to refresh several times to work
 * IBTrACS Database – Worldwide best track data utilizing information from several RSMCs, TCWCs, and other centers
 * Joint Typhoon Warning Center – Provides operational data on tropical cyclones in all basins
 * Mariners Weather Log – Marine-based meteorological journal, with archives dating back to 1998
 * Monthly Weather Review – Journal from the American Meteorological Society dating back to 1872
 * National Research Laboratory Tropical Cyclone Page – Dynamic, updated page relaying JTWC and satellite data
 * Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center Tropical Cyclone Page – Derivative of the NRL Tropical Cyclone page
 * Tropical Cyclone Rainfall – Contains rainfall data for tropical cyclones primarily in the United States, but may also include data for US dependencies, Canada, and Mexico
 * Unisys Archive – Contains basic best track data from JTWC and NHC resources

Northern Hemisphere

 * Creative Commons Search – Browses for images compliant with Creative Commons licenses
 * Earth Observatory – Selected NASA image content
 * Global ISCCP B1 Browse System (GIBBS) – Various satellite images at 3 hour intervals since 1974
 * NASA Worldview (Alpha) – Interactive visualization of MODIS data beginning on May 8, 2012
 * National Research Laboratory Image Archive – Large database of archived satellite imagery from all basins dating back to 1997
 * NOAA Environmental Visualization Laboratory – Numerous satellite images and visualizations of weather data
 * NOAA Photo Library – Miscellaneous public domain images provided by the NOAA
 * Operational Significant Event Imagery – Various images on tropical cyclones from 1992 to 2010
 * Visible Earth – Catalog of NASA images, including SeaWiFS and MODIS images
 * NRL satellite depository – Large source of satellite images of years 2009 through present, including full resolution and rapid scan
 * HURSAT – Extensive coverage of tropical cyclone images from 1978 through 2009, includes AVHRR and SSMI
 * Daily Weather Maps (1899-1971) – Historical weather maps of the northern hemisphere daily at 1300 UTC. 1899-1971
 * Synoptic Northern Hemisphere Surface Analysis (1879-2015) – Historical weather maps of the northern hemisphere at 00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z times daily. Currently only 1978 and 1979 are available.
 * MODIS Products – FTP source of MODIS products
 * NIMBUS products – FTP source of NIMBUS images. Currently only 1964 and 1966 are available
 * AVHRR, MODIS, VIIRS products – FTP source of satellite data, including AVHRR, MODIS, and VIIRS
 * MODIS, VIIRS, SeaWiFS products – Source of satellite data, including MODIS, VIIRS, and SeaWiFS
 * SeaDAS – Software to process most satellite data, this includes re-projection, atmospheric correction (only unix based), and adding boundaries


 * Dartmouth Flood Observatory – Data on worldwide flood events dating back to 1985
 * EM-DAT Disaster List – Contains damage and fatality data on numerous disasters worldwide
 * Google News – Contains large repository of news links and scanned newspaper articles
 * Newspapers.com – Contains large repository of scanned newspaper articles. Check WP:TWL for access.
 * NewspaperArchive – Same as above, check WP:TWL for access.
 * Google Scholar – Searches for academic journals and publications
 * ReliefWeb – Reports and publications on disaster and relief operations worldwide, esp. United Nations reports
 * USAID - Worldwide Disaster History Report - Separated by Each Country (1900-1993)


 * Central Pacific Hurricane Center
 * CPHC Rebest 1966 - 2003 (XLS version)
 * CPHC Rebest 1966 - 2003 (CSV version)


 * Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT – Highly detailed meteorological synopsis of all storms analyzed by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project
 * Historical Hurricane Information Tool – Information on Atlantic tropical cyclones in the first half of the 19th century
 * HurricaneCity City Database – Information on impacts of tropical cyclones in various Atlantic locales
 * HURDAT (rev. 2012) – Official best track database for the North Atlantic, usable with the Atlantic hurricane best track template
 * Monthly Weather Review Atlantic Hurricane Season Publications – Summary of Atlantic hurricane seasons 1872–2009 as provided by the Monthly Weather Review journal
 * National Hurricane Center – Official RSMC for the North Atlantic and Northeastern Pacific
 * Compilation of Tropical Cyclone Reports – Contains various .pdf files of tropical cyclone reports, particularly in the mid 20th century
 * NHC Archive – Archive of various NHC products
 * Tropical Cyclone Reports and "Wallets"
 * 1958·1959
 * 1960·1961·1962·1963·1964·1965·1966·1967·1968·1969
 * 1970·1971·1972·1973·1974·1975·1976·1977·1978·1979
 * 1980·1981·1982·1983·1984·1985·1986·1987·1988·1989
 * 1990·1991·1992·1993·1994·1995
 * Tropical cyclone reports after 1995 can be found at the previously provided archive link.


 * Canada
 * Canadian Hurricane Center (Environment Canada) – Canadian page for Atlantic hurricanes
 * Storm Impacts Summaries – Detailed database of tropical cyclones affecting Canada, 1900–2004
 * Canada storm summaries archive
 * Caribbean Islands
 * Mexico
 * Bermuda
 * Bermuda: Past Storms
 * The Royal Gazette - primary newspaper in Bermuda
 * Bermuda Weather Service hurricane reports
 * Bermuda Climatology 2000-Present
 * United States
 * Hurricane-Spawned Tornadoes in the United States – Database of tornadoes produced by tropical cyclones
 * National Weather Service – Meteorological agency of the United States of America
 * NCDC Storm Events – NCDC database for local storm incidents, beginning from January 1996
 * Rainfall Associated With Hurricanes (1956) – Details rainfall associated with tropical cyclones in the United States from 1900–1956
 * Storm Data – Monthly NCDC journal detailing local storm reports, beginning from January 1959
 * The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones
 * Original link: 1978, 1983, 1990, 1996 2000, 2004, 2007, 2011


 * Archived link: 1978, 1983, 1990, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2011


 * The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1994


 * Elsewhere


 * North Indian Ocean - Arabian Sea (1975-1999)
 * North Indian Ocean - Bay of Bengal (1971-1996)


 * Japan Meteorological Agency
 * Joint Typhoon Warning Center


 * Storm2K Forums – Online forum for tropics discussion

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Impact and Climatology by Location

 * Cuba and Caribbean Hurricanes
 * Huracanes de Cuba
 * Caribbean News Reports: 1997-Present
 * Caribbean: Stormcarib.net (back to 1996)
 * Caribbean - 1980-1999
 * Caribbean- Trinidad and Tobago
 * Jamaica - 1655-1915
 * Mexico: 1997-Present (in Spanish)
 * Saipan: 1980-1999
 * United States: NCDC Storm Events (back to 1993)
 * United States: FEMA Disaster Declarations (back to 1953)
 * United States, Post Storm Assessments
 * United States- Alabama
 * United States- California: Weather History from 1891-2003
 * United States- Florida: Government of Florida
 * United States- Florida: 1871-1996
 * United States- Florida Keys
 * United States- Florida- Melbourne back to 1996
 * United States- Florida- Miami
 * United States- Florida- Tallahassee Red Cross Reports
 * United States- Florida: Tampa
 * United States- Georgia
 * United States- Hawaii: CPHC Archive
 * United States- Hawaii: Rainfall 2005-2007
 * United States- Louisiana (1527-1997)
 * United States- Maine: 1869-1996
 * United States- Maryland
 * United States- Mississippi: 2002 to present
 * United States- Missouri and Illinois
 * United States- North Carolina: 1586-1997
 * United States- North Carolina: Significant Local Weather Events Back to 2003
 * United States- North Carolina: Local Weather Events Back to 1995
 * United States- Pennsylvania: Philadelphia/Mount Holly, NJ (Back to 1999)
 * United States- South Carolina: Significant Local Weather Events Back to 2004
 * United States- South Carolina State Climatology Office (1871-2006)
 * United States- South Carolina rainfall for tropical cyclones
 * United States - Texas (1527-2008)
 * United States- Virginia: 1635-2004
 * United States: Virginia: 1564-1999

General Archives
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 * JTWC Archive
 * Random newspaper pics
 * 1800-1850 Atlantic hurricane seasons
 * List of tropical-cyclone spawned tornadoes

1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970.


 * 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, [1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019

Original: 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
 * 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 2018, 2019

Southern Hemisphere
1993-94, 1994-95, 1995-96, 1996-97, 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999-00, 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09,


 * Australia: Monthly Weather Summaries
 * Australia: Severe Weather Events
 * Australia: New South Wales Tropical Cyclones
 * Australia: Tropical Cyclones in Queensland
 * Australia: Tropical Cyclones in the Northern Territory
 * Australia: Western Australia Seasonal Summaries 1993-Present

1978-79, 1979-80, 1980-81, 1981-82, 1982-83, 1983-84,1984-85, 1985-86, 1986-87, 1987-88 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91, 1991-92, 1993-94, 1994-95, 1995-96, 1996-97, 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999-00, 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06

Original Links: 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999-00, 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09.

Webcited Links: 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999-00, 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07,

Other (PDN): 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999-00, 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06,


 * Original Links: Dolly 1970 (W), Norman 1977 (W), Tusi 87/4 (N), Sally 1987(N), Nancy 1990(N), Ofa 1990(N), Peni 1990(N), Hilda 1990(N), Rae 1990(N), Sina 1990(N), Lisa 1991(N), Tia 1991(N), Val 1991 (N), Arthur 1991 (N), Betsy 1992 (N), Daman 1992 (N), Esau 1992 (N), Fran 1992 (N), Innis 1992 (N), Joni 1992 (N), Nina 1992 (N), Kina 1992 (N), Mick 1993 (N), Nisha 1993 (N), Polly 1993 (N), Prema 1993 (N), Theodore 1994 (N), Tomas 1994 (N), Vania 1994 (N), William 1994 (N), Gavin 1997 (N), Hina 1997 (N), Ian 1997 (N), Cora Tonga NDMO Report (T), Vaianu (T), Tam/Urmil (T), Gene 2008 (N), Lin (T), Mick 2009 (N), Wilma 2010 (T), Tomas 2010 (N).


 * Webcited copies: Dolly 1970, Norman 1977, Tusi 1987, Sally 1987, Nancy 1990, Ofa 1990, Peni 1990, Hilda 1990, Rae 1990, Sina 1990, Lisa 1991, Tia 1991, Val 1991, Arthur 1991, Betsy 1992, Daman 1992, Esau 1992, Fran 1992, Innis 1992, Joni 1992, Nina 1992, Kina 1992, Mick 1993, Nisha 1993, Polly 1993, Prema 1993, Theodore 1994, Tomas 1994, Vania 1994, William 1994, Gavin 1997, Hina 1997, Ian 1997 Gene 2008, Mick 2009, Tomas 2010.


 * Original links: Ami 2003, Cliff/TD F,


 * Pacific Disaster.net: Ami, Cliff/TD F, Daman, Gene, Mick, Tomas

Sourcing guidelines
The core content policies on Wikipedia (neutral point of view, no original research, and verifiability) all apply to articles tagged by WikiProject Tropical cyclones. The project's style guidelines also provide information on how to cite sources effectively.

Relevant guidelines discussing the WikiProject's tropical meteorology articles may also be found at WP:SCICITE and WP:SCIRS.

Meteorological data
Reports, bulletins, and other products issued by Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers are the authoritative source on meteorological information pertaining to tropical cyclones in their respective basins. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information about a storm's characteristics, including intensities, durations, and locations. The most recent post-storm assessments take precedence over operational data. Thus, post-season revisions to a storm's "best track" file, new information presented in a tropical cyclone report, or official database adjustments made by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project, or other official reanalyses supersede operational information where they disagree. Data in operational RSMC products can still be used if later data does not dispute them.

Information from other public agencies can also be used, but generally require in-text attribution. While the original best track data from meteorological agencies is a reliable source and can be referenced, readers often find difficulty interpreting them. Consider using IBTrACS, a more easily understandable track database, which is endorsed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), for this information. Because the Automated Tropical Cyclone Forecasting System (ATCF) used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and National Hurricane Center is liable to change frequently in realtime, they should not be used for currently active storms. Forecasts from these agencies and RSMCs should only be used to cite the forecasts themselves; in other words, they can only be used to describe what was expected to occur, and never to describe what did occur.

Maps and other graphics published by meteorological agencies may be used to describe events (see the associated essay). However, they should only be referenced if they are explicit in conveying the supported information and do not require any rigorous meteorological interpretation (such as satellite analysis or drawing conclusions over what the arrangement of meteorological features represents).

For storms where the above are not applicable (in the case of storms before the advent of meteorological agencies), follow the reliable sourcing and due weight guidelines.

In general, self-published sources should not be used as sources for present or historical storm intensities. However, information contained in articles from reliable sources or commentary from established tropical cyclone experts can be used as sources for information not covered by WMO-endorsed agencies. If such sources dispute WMO-endorsed meteorological data, commentary on the disputed information may be used, making sure to attribute claims and giving due weight.

Information on storm effects
Storm effects are typically referenced with a wide array of published sources. These may include news organizations, risk assessment organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGO), government agencies, and impact databases. So long as they are reliable sources, they can be used as references for tropical cyclone impacts.

Note that figures from early impact reports, often disseminated by the first NGO situation reports and news reports, may quickly be outdated in light of newer information. When sourcing damage totals or casualty figures, use the most recent value from a reliable source, as these values tend to be more stable and use more up-to-date information. If such figures are disputed by other reliable sources, this should be noted in the article, making sure to attribute claims and giving due weight. Routine calculations of damage and casualty figures (for instance, adding casualties from different countries) are acceptable as long as they arise from reliable sources.