Wikipedia:WikiProject Women scientists/Did you know

Transcluding 10 of 923 total
 * ... that Laura Veale was the first woman to practise as a doctor in the town of Harrogate?
 * ... that Josephine Kenyon moved from recommendations of rigid scheduling to "on-demand" scheduling in editions of her book Healthy Babies Are Happy Babies?
 * ... that British physician Georgiana Bonser (pictured) investigated whether chemicals used in the dyeing industry caused bladder cancer?
 * ... that Alison Frantz photographs played a crucial role in the decipherment of Linear B?
 * ... that gynecologist Linda Giudice found that bisphenol A contamination in water systems correlates with higher miscarriage rates?
 * ... that Kate Gleason would wear her most feminine attire available as a strategy to sell bevel gears?
 * ... that gynecologist Mary Lake Polan wrote a medical mystery novel to "demystify" the procedures behind in vitro fertilisation?
 * ... that Mary Clutter used her directorial position at the National Science Foundation to require scientific conferences to include women speakers when presenting research done by them?
 * ... that chemist Betty Lou Raskin said in 1958 that society was wasting the "brainpower" of women, and blamed the media for making the mink coat the "symbol of female success" and not the lab coat?
 * ... that Carmen Scheibenbogen was awarded the German Cross of Merit for her work on ME/CFS at the suggestion of patients and relatives?
 * ... that Dora Goldstein exposed mice to alcoholic vapor to investigate the biochemistry of alcohol addiction and alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
 * ... that scientist Adelaida K. Semesi was known as "mama mangroves" due to her specialist knowledge of their ecology?
 * ... that biochemist Susan Berget was heavily involved in the discovery of split genes, but was excluded from credit and later the Nobel Prize for the research?
 * ... that although Olga Hartman believed that her basic research on marine worms had no practical value, it was applied to experimental studies of oysters?
 * ... that Hannah Davis authored highly cited articles on long COVID while battling the disease herself?
 * ... that Julie Cliff revealed that an outbreak of konzo in Mozambique was caused by cyanide in insufficiently processed cassava?
 * ... that Susan Murabana created Africa's first permanent planetarium?
 * ... that professor Ruth Ann Davis made the largest ever single contribution to Potomac State College of West Virginia University to support nursing scholarships in memory of her mother?
 * ... that Lillian V. Holdeman Moore identified a spike in hydrogen-gas-producing bacteria in Skylab astronauts?
 * ... that Premana Premadi is the first Indonesian female astronomer to have an asteroid named in her honor?
 * ... that when Valerie Cowie was appointed a senior lecturer, one of her referees wrote that his "only reservation is that the post ... does not adequately do justice to her high academic status"?
 * ... that Helene Ollendorff Curth was first to introduce a set of criteria for associating some rashes as possible indicators for internal cancers?
 * ... that Thelma Bates colleagues tried to discourage her from establishing the first palliative care team at a British hospital, saying it would ruin her career?
 * ... that the Blackburnian warbler (example pictured) is named after Anna Blackburne, who provided specimens to Thomas Pennant?
 * ... that former German chancellor Angela Merkel grandfather likely fought against Germany in World War I?
 * ... that as an undergraduate, battery engineer Celina Mikolajczak discovered a supernova?
 * ... that before becoming the first woman president of the American College of Sports Medicine, Barbara L. Drinkwater had an undefeated season as a women's college basketball coach?
 * ... that during World War II, pilot G. E. Clements (pictured) was removed from training for secret missions associated with the Manhattan Project when senior officers realized she was a woman?
 * ... that Catherine de Parthenay (pictured), a 16th-century Huguenot leader, was a member of "a highly successful network of information" during the French Wars of Religion?
 * ... that Evelyn Pruitt was the highest-ranking woman scientist in the United States Navy when she retired in 1973?
 * ... that a report led by academic Cathy Nutbrown concluded that qualifications for vocational courses in childcare and early education were laxer than in animal welfare?
 * ... that Karen Hanghøj, the 2023 winner of the William Smith Medal for applied geology, became the first female director of the British Geological Survey 183 years after it was founded?
 * ... that Caroline Breese Hall and her father, who were both pediatricians, once wrote the same book?
 * ... that Louise Willingale is developing ZEUS, which is projected to be the most powerful laser in the United States?
 * ... that Lamia Al-Gailani Werr helped rebuild the Iraq Museum after it was looted in the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq?
 * ... that Ruth Northway is the United Kingdom's first professor of learning disability nursing?
 * ... that Celine-Marie Pascale work focuses on how race and class impact the way "business practices and government policies create, normalize and entrench economic struggles" to benefit the wealthy?
 * ... that Wanda Wesołowska has named 40 genera and 572 species of animals?
 * ... that quantum materials researcher Tina Brower-Thomas attempts at chemistry as a youth led to her concoctions eating holes into her coat?
 * ... that NASA astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar (pictured) flew on five space missions and has spent more than 50 days in space?
 * ... that excavations led by archaeologist Judith Marquet-Krause disproved that the Book of Joshua was a factual account of the city of Ai?
 * ... that French astrochemist Christine Joblin co-created a webcomic to popularize her research on the origins of cosmic dust?
 * ... that Fionula Brennan experiments with cytokines led to new therapies to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
 * ... that Kurnianingrat helped historian George McTurnan Kahin smuggle speeches by leaders of the Indonesian revolution from the Dutch?
 * ... that Enriqueta Medellín, a Mexican surgeon, has an ecological center and environmental prize named after her in the state of Aguascalientes?
 * ... that Wilhelmine Key (pictured) studied wasps as a child, and as an adult she kept them as pets?
 * ... that aerospace engineer Sabrina Thompson (pictured) founded a streetwear brand after she felt the "artist inside of me was internally starving", despite being satisfied with her career?
 * ... that in 1908, American otorhinolaryngologist Margaret F. Butler became the first woman to preside over an international congress of physicians?
 * ... that the uncommon Florida lichen species Gyalectidium yahriae was named after Rebecca Yahr of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in Scotland?
 * ... that Eleanor Hadley, a 29-year-old doctoral candidate in economics, was recruited by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to implement antitrust policies in occupied Japan?
 * ... that astrophysicist Suzanna Randall (pictured) continued her research at the European Southern Observatory while training for the spaceflight programme Die Astronautin?
 * ... that the Danish geologist Tove Birkelund (pictured) received a gold medal for her early work on fossils of Scaphites in Greenland?
 * ... that Beryl Benacerraf, pioneer of the nuchal scan, wrote that dyslexia caused her to live in a world of images where "anomalies jump out at me like a neon sign"?
 * ... that Nicole Lloyd-Ronning returned to astrophysics research after a ten-year hiatus, aided by an American Physical Society award for women with interrupted careers?
 * ... that there was an initial agreement for chimpanzees from the private zoo of Rosalía Abreu (pictured) to be part of an experiment to breed a humanzee?
 * ... that Rabab Al-Kadhimi was threatened with deportation from Egypt due to the political nature of her poetry?
 * ... that Ruth Huenemann was one of the first researchers to make a connection between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity?
 * ... that American psychologist Mildred Newman and her husband treated so many celebrities that the two were known as "therapists of the stars"?
 * ... that cosmetic chemist Balanda Atis created the foundation worn by Lupita Nyong'o in advertisements for Lancôme?
 * ... that the unacknowledged contributions of Eunice Newton Foote to climate change research were recovered by Elizabeth Wagner Reed, whose research in genetics were also obscured?
 * ... that Alena Analeigh Wicker is the youngest Black person to be accepted into medical school in the United States and the youngest person to work as an intern at NASA?
 * ... that Laura J. Crossey has shown that travertines (example pictured) are more likely to form when meteoric groundwater mixes with deeper groundwater from the Earth's mantle?
 * ... that Katja Husen was the speaker of the Green Youth, a member of the Hamburg Parliament, and the CEO of the Centre for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg?
 * ... that when Jo Ann Evansgardner ran for a position on the Pittsburgh City Council, she asked voters to "put this woman in her place"?
 * ... that 17th-century entomologist Eleanor Glanville raised her own moths and butterflies, and wrote some of the earliest detailed descriptions of butterfly rearing?
 * ... that Ursula Sillge attempt to organize a 1978 national lesbian gathering in East Germany led to the banning of Charlotte von Mahlsdorf's venue for LGBT meetings?
 * ... that research on short-finned pilot whales (example pictured) by Natacha Aguilar de Soto is leading scientists to reassess foraging models for the behavior of marine predators?
 * ... that prior to Mary Manhein forensic-anthropology work in Louisiana, unidentified bones (examples pictured) "usually ended up in a box"?
 * ... that Franziska Seidl, born 130 years ago today, finished school after her husband's death and then went on to research ultrasound (illustration pictured) at the University of Vienna?
 * ... that Sophie Freud, the granddaughter of Sigmund Freud, criticized his theory of psychoanalysis as a "narcissistic indulgence"?
 * ... that British oceanographer Sonya Legg has studied the South China Sea, where waves can be taller than 200 metres (660 ft)?
 * ... that neuroscientist Beatriz Rico and her team discovered a link between a protein called Brevican and short-term spatial memory?
 * ... that Ana Štěrba-Böhm became the first Slovene woman with a doctorate in science in 1911?
 * ... that ornithologist Elaina Marie Tuttle discovered that the white-throated sparrow has four sexes?
 * ... that Olga Ehrenhaft-Steindler, the first woman to earn a physics doctorate at the University of Vienna, co-founded the first Viennese commercial academy for girls?
 * ... that Lisa Winter (pictured) took part in robot battles at 10 years old?
 * ... that forensic scientist Angela Gallop has investigated the stomach contents of Diana, Princess of Wales, alleged alien abductions, and the presence of boar sperm in a hospital patient's intestines?
 * ... that astronaut Dr. Judith Resnik flew in space with "Tarzan" and "Cheetah"?
 * ... that Malika Louback believes her three engineering degrees make her a better fashion model?
 * ... that Elizabeth Pierce Blegen (pictured) was one of the "Quartet" of archaeologists who lived and worked together in Greece as a family, along with Ida Hill, Carl Blegen, and Bert Hodge Hill?
 * ... that Jennifer Webster-Cyriaque (pictured) assisted in the founding of Malawi's first dental school in 2019?
 * ... that American psychoanalyst Helen Block Lewis was one of the first researchers to study the difference between shame and guilt?
 * ... that Finnish linguist Eeva Leinonen was one of four women to be inaugurated as heads of Irish universities in 2021, the others being Maggie Cusack, Linda Doyle and Kerstin Mey?
 * ... that Professor of Engineering and the Arts Linda Doyle in 2021 became the first female provost (head) of Trinity College Dublin since its 1592 foundation by Elizabeth I?
 * ... that Smithsonian archivists are rediscovering the work of photography pioneer Louisa Bernie Gallaher (pictured) after they were misattributed to her boss?
 * ... that record-setting airplane spinner Catherine Cavagnaro is also a professional mathematician?
 * ... that Papuan anthropologist Marlina Flassy is the first woman to be appointed a dean at Cenderawasih University?
 * ... that Nandivada Rathnasree, who ran Delhi's planetarium, proposed that astronomers could be taught using India's stone-built observatories?
 * ... that Mary Earle (pictured) was born near Ben Nevis, and although she became a professor of food technology in New Zealand, she never forgot her Scottish roots?
 * ... that zoologist Ruth Crosby Noble 1945 book on animal behavior was said to have the "rare quality of combining entertainment with sound scientific value"?
 * ... that Elisabeth Geleerd became one of the most influential American psychoanalysts of her time while chronically ill and raising a family?
 * ... that archaeologist and prehistorian Jacquetta Hawkes (pictured) co-founded the Homosexual Law Reform Society and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament?
 * ... that Kitty Ponse successfully changed the sex of toads?
 * ... that Sherita Hill Golden demonstrated that diabetics were more likely to develop depression and that those with depression were more likely to become diabetic?
 * ... that the English botanists Jane Ingham and Joseph Hubert Priestley were the first to separate cell walls from meristematic tissues in broad beans?
 * ... that after men took all the 2021 Nobel Prizes for science, one of the selectors, Eva Olsson (pictured), said "we want to have more women nominated"?
 * ... that Colombian-born Susan Bernal is developing new cements that can reduce the substantial CO2 emissions currently caused by concrete?
 * ... that Małgorzata Kalinowska-Iszkowska was awarded a Polish Gold Cross of Merit for her work in information technology?
 * ... that Chen Wenxin discovered that planting legumes and grasses together can increase yield?
 * ... that 100 years after Mary Emily Sinclair wrote a master's thesis in mathematics on the discriminants of quintic polynomials, Helaman Ferguson based a sculpture on her work?
 * ... that Anna Apostolaki, the first Greek woman to work as a professional archaeologist, was also a feminist educator who promoted women's traditional crafts?
 * ... that Devon Powers argues in Writing the Record that 1960s counter-culture music journalists Richard Goldstein and Robert Christgau acted as public intellectuals despite working outside of academia?
 * ... that Shirley Chiang captured the first image of individual benzene molecules?
 * ... that mathematician Gunilla Kreiss, the daughter of Heinz-Otto Kreiss, later became his granddaughter?
 * ... that infectious diseases specialist Jameela Al Salman has supported the development of medical robots and called their use in Bahrain a "pioneering experiment"?
 * ... that award winner Lillian Comas-Díaz became interested in psychology after consoling classmates recovering from a destructive hurricane?
 * ... that Chilean psychologist Neva Milicic Müller wrote a book about parent–child separation that can help children and caregivers during COVID-19 lockdowns?
 * ... that Piper Harron's 2016 mathematics doctoral thesis has been described as "feminist", "unique", "honest", "generous", and "refreshing"?
 * ... that when María Elena Medina-Mora Icaza was appointed to lead the psychology department at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, she proposed a "zero tolerance" policy for gender violence?
 * ... that Nilima Arun Kshirsagar developed and patented liposomal amphotericin B, which was used to treat "black fungus" during the COVID-19 pandemic in India?
 * ... that Maria Simon and her husband met through a Jewish youth group in Austria but did not marry until ten years later after reconnecting while living as exiles in England?
 * ... that Grenadian anatomic pathologist Kathleen Coard is the first female professor of pathology in the Caribbean?
 * ... that Pamela Trotman Reid, the first Black president of University of Saint Joseph, developed the GO-GIRL program?
 * ... that Carolyn Huntoon (pictured) was the first woman to serve as the director of the Johnson Space Center?
 * ... that German-Chilean research psychologist Susana Bloch created a technique actors have been using to access their basic emotions?
 * ... that Cuilin Zhang leads a study of about 4,000 women who had diabetes in pregnancy to identify factors in the progression from gestational diabetes to type 2 diabetes?
 * ... that Gretchen Campbell research on Bose–Einstein condensates may provide insight into the expansion of the early universe?
 * ... that the new director of DARPA, Stefanie Tompkins, was paid by NASA to analyze moon rocks?
 * ... that when mathematician Josephine M. Mitchell married another University of Illinois faculty member, the university revoked her tenured position so her husband could keep his untenured one?
 * ... that when Ruth Stokes defended her dissertation on the theory of linear programming in 1931, she became the first person to earn a doctorate in mathematics from Duke University?
 * ... that Canadian geneticist Phyllis McAlpine was among the first to promote a unified gene nomenclature system and helped found the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee?
 * ... that when Rosa M. Morris scored 130 percent in her mathematics exams, a special case had to be made at graduation to avoid handicapping other students?
 * ... that Xiaohong Rose Yang conducted a genome-wide search for copy number variations to identify the first susceptibility gene for familial chordoma?
 * ... that biologist Joni L. Rutter (pictured) led the development of the All of Us research program to include more than a million participants to advance precision medicine?
 * ... that as part of her influential research on the garden strawberry, Vivian Lee Bowden discovered the unpublished drawings of early French botanist Antoine Nicolas Duchesne?
 * ... that Kathy Hudson, an expert in science policy and genetic discrimination, helped assemble a team that led to the passage of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act?
 * ... that professor Emma Baker trained her pharmacology students to perform mass COVID-19 testing on their fellows so that they could go home for Christmas?
 * ... that Diane Damiano (pictured), a biomedical scientist and physical therapist, helped create a robotic exoskeleton designed to aid children with cerebral palsy to learn how to walk?
 * ... that the most senior of the African-American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project, William Knox, supervised the otherwise-white staff of the Corrosion Section at Columbia University?
 * ... that chemist Ana Kansky (pictured) became the first person to be awarded a doctoral degree by the newly established University of Ljubljana in 1920?
 * ... that Sandra Wolin, a physician-microbiologist, devised an early ribosome profiling method as a postdoctoral researcher in Peter Walter's lab at the University of California, San Francisco?
 * ... that physician-scientist and cancer researcher Giovanna Tosato (pictured) had just crossed the finish line when the Boston Marathon bombing started?
 * ... that Lucia Votano (pictured) was the first woman to be appointed director of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, the largest underground research center in the world?
 * ... that physician Clare Fowler and surgeon Prokar Dasgupta were the first in the UK to use Botox injections, using a flexible cystoscope, to treat people with overactive bladders?
 * ... that botanist Rosemary Margaret Smith had both an entire genus and a separate species named after her for her major discoveries and classification of ginger?
 * ... that "noted controversialist" Mary Aldis (depicted) tried to get Auckland City Council to stop a woman being fired from a cannon in 1887?
 * ... that the Homeward Bound leadership program organized the largest all-woman expedition to Antarctica in 2019?
 * ... that Adi Utarini (pictured) was listed as one of Nature 10 in 2020 after she released infected mosquitoes all over Yogyakarta?
 * ... that the German anthropologist Aparna Rao studied the impact of the Kashmir conflict on both lives and the environment?
 * ... that arachnologist Ekaterina Andreeva wrote the first original monograph published in the USSR about Central Asian spiders?
 * ... that Spanish physicist Teresa Rodrigo worked on the discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN and the discovery of the top quark at Fermilab?
 * ... that Israeli physicist Shikma Bressler, a researcher at the CERN particle accelerator in Switzerland, is also an initiator of the "Black Flag" protests against Benjamin Netanyahu?
 * ... that medieval ceramics expert Jean Le Patourel was also an expert in the archaeology of dog collars?
 * ... that folklorist and archaeologist Ethel Rudkin was the first to quantify and categorise sightings of ghostly black dogs?
 * ... that German native Marianne Ignace is helping to preserve indigenous languages in British Columbia?
 * ... that Daisy Yen Wu helped establish the new field of nutrition research at Peking Union Medical College?
 * ... that Dámasa Cabezón was contracted by the Bolivian government to establish a school for girls in La Paz after having done so in Santiago de Chile?
 * ... that Ukrainian-born Stefania Berlinerblau was one of the first Jewish women to practice surgery in the United States?
 * ... that the French painter Genskof is a pioneer in laser eye surgery?
 * ... that Taneko Suzuki, an expert in protein chemistry, led the development of a fish-based product that had the texture of hamburger and could be seasoned to taste like beef?
 * ... that Ivy Hooks was one of only two women assigned to the original design team for the Space Shuttle orbiter?
 * ... that the 2019 film Lucy in the Sky is loosely based on the life of astronaut Lisa Nowak (pictured)?
 * ... that scientist Emma Teeling of the BatLab in Dublin studies a genus of bats which do not appear to die of old age?
 * ... that West Virginia State College professor Angie Turner King was an educator and mentor to entomologist Margaret S. Collins and NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson of Hidden Figures?
 * ... that Maria Ovsiankina studied the Zeigarnik effect of how people remember unfinished tasks more than completed ones, and described the Ovsiankina effect of how likely they are to resume those tasks?
 * ... that linguist Esther T. Mookini translated many works of 19th-century native Hawaiians, including the 1838 Anatomia, the only medical textbook written in the Hawaiian language?
 * ... that ornithologist Corina Newsome and herpetologist Earyn McGee held events as part of the inaugural Black Birders Week, an effort to highlight the challenges faced by Black nature enthusiasts?
 * ... that Irena Sawicka, a Polish archeologist, educator and communist activist, helped Jews during the Holocaust and perished in the Warsaw Uprising?
 * ... that Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman co-founded the Sadie Collective, which aims to increase representation of black women in economics and other quantitative fields?
 * ... that Portuguese HIV researcher Odette Ferreira flew from Lisbon to Paris with test tubes of blood in her coat to maintain the right temperature for testing at the Pasteur Institute?
 * ... that Gabriella Morreale de Escobar established a national newborn-screening program for congenital hypothyroidism in Spain?
 * ... that Angèle Dola Akofa Aguigah demonstrated that the earthworks at Notsé in Togo were used to define separate social spaces, not for defence?
 * ... that neuroscientist Michela Gallagher research group showed that the epilepsy drug levetiracetam is a candidate to reduce mild cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease?
 * ... that Lisa Piccirillo solved a half-century-old mathematics problem in less than a week during her free time in graduate school?
 * ... that the veterinarian Janina Oyrzanowska-Poplewska, whose work led to the creation of the first Polish canine distemper vaccine, has been honored as a Righteous Among the Nations?
 * ... that Ipsita Biswas led the team that developed less-lethal plastic bullets for crowd control in Jammu and Kashmir?
 * ... that Linda Liau has developed a personalized vaccine against brain cancer?
 * ... that during the rule of the Greek military junta, archaeologist and museum curator Semni Karouzou was banned from conducting research in the National Archaeological Museum because of her political views?
 * ... that Barbara H. Bowman was one of the scientists who discovered the genetic difference responsible for variations in haptoglobin, a human blood protein?
 * ... that Julia Azari has shown that U.S. presidents increasingly defend their legitimacy by claiming to have a political mandate?
 * ... that Renate Brümmer (pictured) and Heike Walpot were the only two women originally selected for the German astronaut team, but neither has gone to space?
 * ... that Silke Bühler-Paschen was the first woman to become a full professor of physics at TU Wien in 2005?
 * ... that nephrologist and cellist Leah Lowenstein, an advocate for women in medicine, was the first female dean of a co-educational medical school in the United States?
 * ... that Laverne Antrobus has appeared on the BBC giving advice and information on child psychology since 2004?
 * ... that although Constance Kies was a nutrition scientist, she majored in English, and minored in history, geography, library science, and home economics?
 * ... that political scientist Elizabeth Theiss-Morse has written a book on the flexibility of the American national identity?
 * ... that while studying dance, Anca Giurchescu joined the Romanian national shooting team and won individual and team medals at the 1955 European Shooting Championships?
 * ... that Chiara Daraio has used a version of Newton's cradle to create "sound bullets", and walls filled with ball bearings to create one-way barriers for sound?
 * ... that nuclear scientist Clarice Phelps has been recognized as the first African-American woman to be involved with the discovery of a chemical element?
 * ... that psychologist Susan Folkman coined the terms "problem-focused coping" and "emotion-focused coping"?
 * ... that Latvian folklorist Anna Bērzkalne wrote her 1942 doctoral thesis in English instead of German as a form of non-violent resistance to the Nazi occupation of Latvia during World War II?
 * ... that Mary Helen Johnston (pictured) was awarded the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal before being selected as an astronaut, but has never gone into space?
 * ... that the 2005 BBC documentary Dead Mums Don't Cry follows Grace Kodindo efforts to stem the maternal mortality rate in Chad, where pregnant and childbearing women had a 9 per cent chance of dying?
 * ... that neuroscientist Cristina Alberini uses both mammals, and invertebrates such as sea slugs, to study memory?
 * ... that Magdalena K. P. Smith Meyer was known as the "mother of red-spider mites of the world"?
 * ... that former college basketball star Amy Langville is an expert in ranking systems, and has applied her ranking expertise to basketball bracketology?
 * ... that researcher Heejung Kim found that the influence of the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR on social behavior depends on cultural context?
 * ... that Egyptian radiologist Sahar Saleem has used CT scans of Tutankhamun's body to theorise that he died from the effects of a knee fracture?
 * ... that Wang Jin, one of China's first female archaeologists, participated in the discovery of the Neolithic Qujialing culture?
 * ... that neuroscientist Kate Jeffery correctly predicted that her postdoctoral advisor John O'Keefe would win a Nobel Prize in 2014?
 * ... that Elin C. Danien, an expert on ancient Maya ceramics, claimed that "archaeology is the most fun you can have with your pants on"?
 * ... that gerontologist Elaine Brody used the term "women in the middle" to refer to women who care for their elderly parents while raising their children?
 * ... that epidemiologist Li Lanjuan was the first to propose a lockdown of Wuhan during the present coronavirus outbreak?
 * ... that even after narrowing the list of suspects in Geetha Angara's unsolved killing, 15 years ago today, down to three men, police could not charge any of them?
 * ... that Romanian neuroscientist Viviana Gradinaru was part of the research team from Caltech that found that serotonin is necessary for sleep in zebrafish and mice?
 * ... that archaeologist Winifred Lamb had previously worked in Room 40, the Royal Navy's cryptanalysis section, during World War I?
 * ... that computer scientist Sheree Atcheson has been recognised by Computer Weekly as one of the "most influential women in UK tech"?
 * ... that mathematician Pamela E. Harris co-founded the online platform Lathisms to promote Hispanic and Latino American participation in mathematics?
 * ... that Austrian neurologist Adele Juda concluded that Mozart was "psychiatrically normal"?
 * ... that pediatrician Noni MacDonald was invested into the Order of Nova Scotia in 2019?
 * ... that Irish neuroscientist Sabina Brennan was a soap actress in the television series Fair City before she started investigating dementia?
 * ... that Carole Ann Haswell was part of the team that discovered the super-Earth-like exoplanet Barnard's Star b?
 * ... that Lucinda L. Combs, the first female medical missionary to serve in China, established Beijing's first women's hospital?
 * ... that Lisa Ainsworth leads a project that involves studying plants under atmospheric conditions that are predicted for 2050?
 * ... that evolutionary biologist Rebecca Kilner has found that mites can give burying beetles a competitive advantage?
 * ... that Miriam Salpeter and her husband Edwin Ernest Salpeter collaborated to study how nerves and muscle fibers interact?
 * ... that Eleanor Vadala (pictured), the third woman in the U.S. to receive FAA certification as a balloon pilot, also studied and repaired balloons, and drove chase cars after them?
 * ... that British neuroscientist Rebeccah Slater led a study that showed that not only do babies experience pain, they may be more sensitive to it than adults?
 * ... that scientist KC Claffy was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame for her work on measuring the Internet?
 * ... that Australian biologist Lee Berger identified Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis as being responsible for the decline and extinction of hundreds of amphibian species?
 * ... that Olivia Salamanca, one of the founding members of the Philippine Anti-Tuberculosis Society, died from the disease at the age of 24?
 * ... that neuroengineer Maryam Shanechi and her research team developed a method to determine a person's mood from their brain activity?
 * ... that Kavya Manyapu led the development of a dust-repelling fabric for space suits using carbon nanotubes?
 * ... that HIV researcher Diane Havlir was the U.S. national short track champion in 1974?
 * ... that English scientist Nicola Curtin donated to charity the £865,000 she received for helping develop the cancer drug Rubraca?
 * ... that Catriona Ida Macleod has received a Social Change Award from Rhodes University for her work in promoting African-based psychology?
 * ... that Esther Killick repeatedly "gassed herself for science" in order to study carbon monoxide poisoning and acclimatisation?
 * ... that Lu Shijia, founder of China's first university aerodynamics program, twice declined nominations to the Chinese Academy of Sciences?
 * ... that before becoming a professional mathematician, Chikako Mese was a record-breaking high school softball player?
 * ... that research on pain in fish by Victoria Braithwaite resulted in new rules in the UK, Europe, and Canada to make fisheries more humane?
 * ... that Adaora Adimora, an American professor who studies sexually transmitted infections among minorities, was named one of the top 100 African American leaders by The Root in 2009?
 * ... that tropical ecologist Winifred Hallwachs helped develop and expand the Área de Conservación Guanacaste in Costa Rica, which is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
 * ... that during the Apollo 11 program, biomedical engineer Judy Sullivan was instantly identifiable if she made an error as she was the only female voice on NASA's headset link?
 * ... that Kurdish civil engineer and politician Hevrin Khalaf, who worked for tolerance among Christians, Arabs, and Kurds, was killed in the 2019 Turkish offensive into Syria?
 * ... that Order of Canada recipient Thelma Finlayson was Simon Fraser University's first professor emerita?
 * ... that Anne C. Morel was the first woman to become a full professor of mathematics at the University of Washington?
 * ... that Anne L. Stevens disguised herself in order to enroll in the male-only mechanics pit crew at a race track?
 * ... that Xia Peisu (pictured), the "mother of computer science" in China, and her husband Yang Liming, who helped explain magic numbers, were elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences at the same time?
 * ... that structural biologist Erica Ollmann Saphire traveled to Africa to observe rodents in the field in order to study how viruses like Ebola are spread?
 * ... that after Ruth Darrow son died from hemolytic disease of the newborn, she was inspired to study the disease, and became the first person to identify its cause?
 * ... that Józefa Joteyko believed that wages should be based upon scientific research and the amount of effort required to do a job, rather than arbitrary factors like gender?
 * ... that botanist Betty Flint continued research in a voluntary capacity at Lincoln University and Landcare Research until she was 100 years old?
 * ... that mathematician Dona Strauss left South Africa over apartheid, lost a faculty job at Dartmouth for joining an anti-war protest, and helped found European Women in Mathematics?
 * ... that medical researcher Shuping Wang may have saved tens of thousands of lives by defying authorities and exposing an HIV/AIDS scandal in China?
 * ... that according to dietician Amy Brown, a researcher of social barriers to breastfeeding, smacking children is acceptable to more British people than breastfeeding in public?
 * ... that pediatric oncologist Brigid Leventhal was one of only six women in her graduating class from Harvard Medical School in 1960?
 * ... that Lisa Gordon-Hagerty (pictured), head of the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration, once said, "I have more important things to do than advise Nicole Kidman"?
 * ... that Swedish scientist Marie Dacke discovered that dung beetles can use the Milky Way to navigate at night?
 * ... that Emirati geneticist Habiba Alsafar was named as one of the "100 Most Powerful Arab Women" of 2015?
 * ... that Polish resistance member Alicja Iwańska became an academic and compared political, religious, and racial persecution in Europe to U.S. segregation restrictions?
 * ... that Dorothy Christian Hare was the first woman general physician to be elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians?
 * ... that Australian astrophysicist Kirsten Banks was inspired to learn about her Wiradjuri heritage while training at the Sydney Observatory?
 * ... that South African theoretical physicist Adriana Marais was one of 100 candidates chosen for Mars One?
 * ... that Pandrosion may have been an earlier female contributor to mathematics than Hypatia?
 * ... that the work of C. Doris Hellman on the Great Comet of 1577 led historians of science to recognize the comet's key role in the success of the Copernican Revolution?
 * ... that Cynthia Whitchurch discovery of a novel role for DNA in nature is credited with creating a paradigm shift in the study of biofilms?
 * ... that after pyrimethamine was price-hiked by 5000 percent, Sydney University chemists Matthew H. Todd and Alice Motion supported the high school students who showed it could be synthesised cheaply?
 * ... that Kristine M. Larson (pictured) and her research team were the first to demonstrate that GPS could be used to detect seismic waves?
 * ... that Sylvia Stoesser was called the "nasal chemist" because she could often identify the ingredients in an unknown laboratory mixture by smelling it?
 * ... that Karen Saywitz developed "non-leading" techniques for interviewing child witnesses and victims?
 * ... that American academic Amy Wax graduated from Harvard Medical School before becoming a lawyer?
 * ... that Summer Rayne Oakes has been called "the world's first eco-model" because she only models clothes made from organic or recycled materials?
 * ... that Paula R. Pietromonaco found that attachment styles affect how people think and behave during conflict?
 * ... that cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova made 42 trips outside the Soviet Union between 1963 and 1970 in response to invitations she received after becoming the first woman in space?
 * ... that Mae Jemison, the first black woman in space, worked at a Cambodian refugee camp in Thailand and was a medical officer for the Peace Corps before becoming an astronaut?
 * ... that according to a study conducted by epidemiologist Xifeng Wu and her colleagues, fifteen minutes of moderate exercise per day can increase lifespan by an average of three years?
 * ... that Eleanor C. Pressly helped develop and launch a series of Aerobee rockets during the 1957–1958 International Geophysical Year?
 * ... that Gao Xiaoxia abandoned her PhD studies to leave America in 1951, just before the US government banned Chinese students from returning home?
 * ... that in 1953, Satyawati Suleiman became the first woman to receive a degree in archaeology from the University of Indonesia?
 * ... that researcher Leslie Leve has found that parents' depression is associated with an increased likelihood of behavioral problems in their children?
 * ... that Joanne Berger-Sweeney is the first African-American and first woman to serve as president of Trinity College, Connecticut?
 * ... that Women and Politics in Canada by Janine Brodie was the first book to study Canadian women in political campaigns between 1945 and 1975?
 * ... that reproductive immunologist Anne Croy was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for her work with uterine natural killer cells during pregnancy?
 * ... that developmental researcher Marion Underwood found that a group of ninth-grade students sent an average of 1,321 text messages a month?
 * ... that Dutch physician Aletta Jacobs legal challenge to be added to the Amsterdam electoral rolls backfired, leading to a constitutional amendment granting voting rights to men only?
 * ... that Kitty O'Brien Joyner (pictured) was the first woman engineer at NACA, the predecessor to NASA?
 * ... that although Isabella Forshall did not go to school, she gained two university degrees and four postgraduate diplomas in medicine and surgery?
 * ... that Zhang Dongju, Chen Fahu, and J.-J. Hublin discovered that a fossil jaw from Baishiya Cave belonged to the first known Denisovan outside Siberia and the first known human on the Tibetan Plateau?
 * ... that Lydia Manley Henry, the first woman to graduate from the University of Sheffield medical school, was awarded the Croix de Guerre?
 * ... that the deep-sea coral species Gersemia juliepackardae was named for Julie Packard (pictured), executive director of Monterey Bay Aquarium, for her work as an ocean conservationist?
 * ... that Wenona Giles helped 59 people in the Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya, earn a Certificate of Completion in Educational Studies from Canada's York University?
 * ... that Oriana Wilson discovered a new species of bat, which was then named after her?
 * ... that imaging scientist Katie Bouman first learned of the Event Horizon Telescope in 2007, while still in high school, and joined the project six years later?
 * ... that Stella Abidh is believed to be the first Indo-Trinidadian woman to become a medical doctor?
 * ... that former astrophysicist Alejandra Melfo now works on preserving microbial life from Venezuela's rapidly receding last glacier?
 * ... that according to research led by Dana Lepofsky, some clam gardens on the Pacific Northwest Coast are up to 3,500 years old?
 * ... that Cynthia García Coll from Puerto Rico has researched the psychological resilience of children born to teen mothers and of immigrant children?
 * ... that Sabine Hyland discovered that the Incas may have written phonetic information in knotted cords called khipus?
 * ... that Jane Somerville has "Unicorns" all around the world?
 * ... that when Barbara Low and Dorothy Hodgkin determined the structure of penicillin in 1945, it was the largest molecule ever to be successfully investigated by X-ray crystallography?
 * ... that researchers Eileen Shore and Frederick Kaplan discovered the mutation responsible for a disease that turns muscle into bone?
 * ... that sexual-health doctor Mags Portman and activist Greg Owen worked together to provide accessible HIV medication, preventing thousands of new HIV infections in the United Kingdom?
 * ... that Wang Yening helped establish China's first specialization in X-ray metal physics?
 * ... that the 1961 book Ishi in Two Worlds by Theodora Kroeber told the story of Ishi (pictured), the last known member of the Yahi people?
 * ... that Lulu Grace Graves was co-founder and first president of the American Dietetic Association when it formed in 1917?
 * ... that Elena Ivanovna Barulina 1930 paper became a standard guide to lentils (seeds pictured)?
 * ... that Chuang Shu-chi was the first licensed female practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan?
 * ... that Freeman Dyson used a result by Marian Pour-El on the mathematical undecidability of the wave equation as evidence for the superiority of analog to digital forms of life?
 * ... that the work of physician Elizabeth Ross is still commemorated annually in Serbia despite her having spent only three weeks in the country?
 * ... that NASA exobiologist Darlene Lim studies underwater volcanoes and desert stations in the Canadian High Arctic to prepare humans for missions to Mars?
 * ... that in 1909, Ivy Woodward became the first female member of the Royal College of Physicians?
 * ... that a bracelet lost by Josephine Heffernan during the First World War was found in 2002, and returned to her family in 2017?
 * ... that computational biologist Bette Korber describes her development of a mosaic antigen vaccine against HIV as creating "little Frankenstein proteins"?
 * ... that in 1959, Lois Graham became the first woman in the United States to earn a PhD in mechanical engineering?
 * ... that while raising two young children, Li Minhua (pictured) became the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering at MIT?
 * ... that Zhang Yonglian, who spent 20 years doing classified research for the Chinese government, founded a laboratory to study sperm?
 * ... that Wang Enduo survived breast cancer to become an academician of both the Chinese Academy of Sciences and The World Academy of Sciences?
 * ... that this month, the armour and explosives researcher Penelope Endersby became the first female chief executive of the Met Office?
 * ... that over the course of 45 years of conservation work by ornithologist Helen Hays (pictured), the tern population of Great Gull Island increased tenfold?
 * ... that based on her discoveries, Chen Saijuan developed treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia, turning it into a highly curable disease?
 * ... that in 2008, a team led by French astrophysicist Anne-Marie Lagrange directly imaged Beta Pictoris b, an exoplanet, confirming predictions of a massive planet existing around the star Beta Pictoris?
 * ... that in 1910, Indian obstetrician and gynaecologist Dossibai Patell became the first female member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England?
 * ... that neuroscientist Yang Dan and her team discovered that mice either enter a dream state or eat more in response to activation of certain brain neurons?
 * ... that bryologist Margaret Sibella Brown was awarded an honorary master of arts degree from Acadia University at the age of 84?
 * ... that Yang Dan was awarded the TWAS Prize for synthesizing bioactive natural compounds?
 * ... that neuroendocrinologist Catherine Woolley found evidence of brain plasticity using a technique described in 1873?
 * ... that Joan L. Mitchell co-invented JPEG?
 * ... that racist graffiti on mathematician Chawne Kimber college campus, along with George Carlin's seven dirty words, inspired her to politicize her quilting?
 * ... that in 1934, the Austrian biochemist Regina Kapeller-Adler (pictured) developed an innovative test for early pregnancy based on the presence of histidine in urine?
 * ... that the company set up by horticulturist Theodosia Burr Shepherd is considered the foundation of the California seed industry?
 * ... that in 2017, Renee Rabinowitz successfully sued El Al after the airline forced her to move at the request of a Haredi Jewish man who refused to sit beside her?
 * ... that Eleonore Trefftz was the second woman to become a scientific member of the Max Planck Society?
 * ... that sociologist Ashley Mears conducted an ethnography of the fashion industry while working as a model in New York and London?
 * ... that in 2001, HIV/AIDS campaigner Minoo Mohraz defied a media ban by using the word "condom" on Iranian national television?
 * ... that Margaret Storkan made seven trips to the developing world on the hospital ship SS Hope where she was the only dermatologist?
 * ... that Mary Blair Moody became the first woman to earn an MD from Buffalo Medical College?
 * ... that a story by Argentine mathematician Magdalena Mouján about a Basque family that travels back in time to their homeland was blocked by the Franco regime?
 * ... that a solar-powered device for extracting water from the air, co-designed by Evelyn Wang, has been compared to the moisture vaporators in Star Wars?
 * ... that air conditioning refrigerant HFO-1234yf, developed by a team led by Barbara Haviland Minor, is believed to be used in 50% of new vehicles produced in 2018, to help counter global warming?
 * ... that the research of 2017 Spinoza Prize winner Eveline Crone has led the Netherlands to extend its juvenile detention age limit from 18 to 23?
 * ... that Li Lin, her husband, and her father (pictured together with her mother) were all academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences?
 * ... that 98 years ago, biologist Edith Roberts founded the first ecological laboratory in the US, inspiring landscape architect Elsa Rehmann to use native plant communities in garden design?
 * ... that Princess Vera Gedroits (pictured)—good author but indifferent poet, lesbian but married a man—was a Russian military surgeon who pioneered battlefield laparotomy?
 * ... that after she was fired by fascists for being a Jew, agronomist Elza Polak ran a network of gardens to feed the Yugoslav Partisan resistance movement during World War II?
 * ... that Jill S. Tietjen tries to supply more role models for women in engineering and technology by regularly nominating candidates for awards and halls of fame?
 * ... that despite being a Serb, Tatjana Ljujić-Mijatović stayed in Serb-besieged Sarajevo and became the only woman member of the wartime Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina?
 * ... that Croatian oceanographer Mira Zore-Armanda had difficulty gaining passage on research vessels because she was a woman?
 * ... that Birgit Arrhenius revealed that a Torslunda plate helmeted figure, thought to represent Odin, had its eye deliberately struck out, consistent with the associated legend?
 * ... that Greta Arwidsson, Sweden's first female professor of Scandinavian and Comparative Archaeology, turned to the subject while excavating the Valsgärde boat graves in school?
 * ... that Hungarian mathematician Márta Svéd earned her Ph.D. at age 75?
 * ... that Emily Riehl, former bassist for the band Unstraight, wrote about "unstraightening" in her research as a professional mathematician?
 * ... that when the English surgeon Frances Ivens joined the military hospital at Royaumont in France during the First World War, she had no experience in treating men?
 * ... that oceanographer and former Florida State University dean Nancy Marcus was also a magician and ventriloquist?
 * ... that the Pugwashite, Patricia Lindop, worked with Nobel Prize winner Joseph Rotblat on the effects of radiation on living organisms?
 * ... that in 1896, Arthur Schuster illustrated his lectures on the newly-discovered X-rays with images of his daughter Norah Schuster (hands pictured) that required a 10-minute exposure?
 * ... that Annalisa Crannell brings chopsticks to art galleries as a tool for finding vanishing points?
 * ... that Australian mathematician Katherine Heinrich was the first female president of the Canadian Mathematical Society?
 * ... that before becoming chair of the Millennium Development Authority, Yaa Ntiamoah Badu worked at the University of Ghana as a zoologist?
 * ... that Margaret O'Flynn and her husband John Foley were the first wife-and-husband fellows of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists?
 * ... that Ilya Espino de Marotta, lead engineer for the Panama Canal expansion project, wears a pink hard hat on site to make a statement that women can do the job?
 * ... that Gwen Fleming, the first female major in the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps, was called "sir" by her colleagues during the Second World War?
 * ... that Genius Grant winner Regina Barzilay helped decipher the ancient language Ugaritic?
 * ... that when He Luli was 14, an assassin's bombs killed her younger sister?
 * ... that US-educated sociologist Lei Jieqiong (pictured) served as vice-mayor of Beijing and taught at Peking University until the age of 100?
 * ... that Carys Bannister drove rally cars and exhibited corgis when not performing brain surgery?
 * ... that Eugénie Henderson taught Far Eastern languages to the British Armed Forces during World War II?
 * ... that Mollie McGeown set up the first dialysis unit in Northern Ireland?
 * ... that Rosemary Biggs and her colleagues discovered the Christmas factor?
 * ... that the asteroid 11441 Anadiego was named after Ana Teresa Diego, an Argentine student activist who was forcibly disappeared?
 * ... that a silverback gorilla sat on Hilary Swarts` head?
 * ... that Marjorie Hahn, a retired mathematics professor and international senior-level tennis player, approaches tennis games with the same plan that she uses for mathematical proofs?
 * ... that Nicole Grobert, professor of nanomaterials at the University of Oxford, was awarded a Royal Society Industry Fellowship in 2016, her third fellowship from the Royal Society?
 * ... that marine biologist Marie Darby, the first New Zealand woman to visit the Antarctic mainland, sailed to the Ross Sea on a tourist boat that ran aground on its first trip?
 * ... that Diana Beck performed brain surgery on Winnie-the-Pooh author A. A. Milne?
 * ... that Jenny Morton discovered that sheep can recognise human faces?
 * ... that the British paediatrician Tina Cooper assisted the Sierra Leone government in establishing a national immunisation programme?
 * ... that Gillian Hanson was a world expert on treating the condition that ultimately killed her?
 * ... that Elizabeth M. Bryan wedding was attended by 25 sets of twins?
 * ... that Jeanne LaDuke worked alongside Natalie Wood as a child actor before becoming a professional mathematician?
 * ... that Jane Wynne taught her fellow paediatricians to identify signs of child abuse?
 * ... that Olive Scott was Britain's first dedicated paediatric cardiologist?
 * ... that biologist Inez Whipple Wilder made contributions to the study of fingerprints and salamanders?
 * ... that Amy H. Herring led a study whose data showed many American women were reportedly virgins at the birth of their first child?
 * ... that the English neurologist Honor Smith was sent to Morocco by the WHO to investigate an outbreak of paralysis caused by contaminated cooking oil?
 * ... that Judith Kingston pioneered the use of chemotherapy to treat retinoblastoma, an eye cancer found in children?
 * ... that in her first senate speech, socialist politician Fatma Hikmet İşmen accused the Directorate of Religious Affairs of fueling discrimination against Alawites by Sunni Muslims?
 * ... that Barbara A. Bailar resigned from the United States Census Bureau in 1988 to protest a decision not to adjust the 1990 results for systematic undercounting of minorities?
 * ... that Anna Marguerite McCann, the first female American underwater archaeologist, published the earliest research on deep-sea shipwrecks?
 * ... that Jean Ginsburg established one of the first clinics in Britain for menopausal women?
 * ... that computer science lecturer Cynthia B. Lee promoted the use of gender-neutral language across her department at Stanford University?
 * ... that Abbie Hutty hopes there really is life on Mars?
 * ... that Melahat Okuyan, a Turkish female microbiologist and AIDS activist, once proposed the establishment of male brothels for homosexuals and cross-dressers in order to improve public health?
 * ... that Averil Mansfield, a former president of the British Medical Association, was Britain's first female professor of surgery?
 * ... that Selna Kaplan led the first clinical trials of artificial growth hormone in the United States?
 * ... that Fannie Eleanor Williams created blood storage techniques used in the first Australian blood bank?
 * ... that Alison Van Eenennaam is working on a collaborative research project focused on the production of hornless dairy cattle through gene editing?
 * ... that Annie Nicolette Zadoks Josephus Jitta unusual name inspired a book?
 * ... that Christine Murrell was the first woman elected to the British General Medical Council, but died before she could take her seat?
 * ... that Maryam Mirzakhani won the Ruth Lyttle Satter Prize for women in mathematics a year before she won the Fields Medal for the same work?
 * ... that Anette Hosoi designed a robot snail that moved by rippling over artificial snail slime?
 * ... that Kim Cobb used coral to profile El Niño over seven thousand years?
 * ... that the hull of USS Albacore (launch pictured) had the Lyon Shape that was originally designed for airships by a woman?
 * ... that when Elissa P. Benedek was named president of the American Psychiatric Association in 1990, she was only the second woman to fill that post since the group's founding in 1844?
 * ... that Canadian theoretical physicist Helen Freedhoff was doctoral advisor to Schrödinger's grandson?
 * ... that Constance Wood was the first to install a cyclotron in a hospital, but was teased by one of her patients with a rat?
 * ... that Bencie Woll was the first person to hold a professorship in sign language in the United Kingdom?
 * ... that Kate Devlin is a computer scientist working in the field of sex robots and human-computer interaction?
 * ... that Frieda Fraser and Edith Williams corresponded for 24 years before they were able to acquire a home to live together in 1941?
 * ... that Krebiozen, an expensive cancer treatment scam, was unmasked in 1963 by chemist Alma Levant Hayden (pictured)?
 * ... that Mary M. Crawford became Brooklyn's first female ambulance surgeon after the hospital forgot to exclude women from applying?
 * ... that Margot Shiner, who fled Nazi Germany as a teenager, was instrumental in establishing the medical subspecialty of paediatric gastroenterology?
 * ... that Linda Laubenstein was one of the first physicians in the United States to recognize the AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s?
 * ... that Kong Tai Heong, the first Chinese woman to practice medicine in Hawaii, was credited by Ripley's Believe It or Not! as having delivered over 6,000 babies?
 * ... that astronomer Sidney C. Wolff was the first woman to direct a major observatory in the United States?
 * ... that Anne Penfold Street, one of Australia's leading mathematicians, earned bachelor's and master's degrees in chemistry before switching to mathematics?
 * ... that Gail G. Shapiro was the first democratically elected president of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology?
 * ... that African-American mathematics professor Thyrsa Frazier Svager and her physics professor husband Aleksandar Svager lived on one salary to build a scholarship fund?
 * ... that the linguistic research of Elena Georgieva showed that Bulgarian word order may change based on the emphasis a speaker wants to convey?
 * ... that Louise Nixon Sutton was the first African-American woman to be awarded a PhD in mathematics by New York University in 1962?
 * ... that the Australian teacher Lorna Hodgkinson (pictured) was the first woman to receive a Doctorate of Education at Harvard University?
 * ... that microbiologist Jane Gibson established through her 1954 discovery that selenium, a trace element, is essential for coliform bacterial growth?
 * ... that Egyptologist Caroline Ransom Williams supervised the reception and installation of the Tomb of Perneb at the Metropolitan Museum of Art?
 * ... that Susannah Fox, the U.S. government's chief health technology executive, cited the maker movement as a promising source of future healthcare innovation?
 * ... that the molecular biologist Nessa Carey cites the slight figure of actress Audrey Hepburn (pictured) to illustrate the possible impacts of epigenetics?
 * ... that Joe Biden went door-to-door with Stephanie Hansen to help her win a recent special election to the Delaware Senate?
 * ... that Marjorie G. Horning demonstrated that drugs and their metabolites can be transferred from a pregnant woman to her developing child?
 * ... that Alice Bowman, Mission Operations Manager of the New Horizons Pluto exploration mission, is also a bassist and clarinetist?
 * ... that Maria Eugenia Bozzoli was one of the founders of anthropology in Costa Rica?
 * ... that the British anthropologist Karin Barber started her academic career at the University of Ife, where she was required to teach in Yoruba?
 * ... that Czech-Israeli food technology researcher Zdenka Samish said that every fruit and vegetable can be made into jam?
 * ... that Mary Jackson (pictured) became the first black female engineer at NASA after successfully petitioning the City of Hampton, Virginia, to allow her to attend required graduate courses at a whites-only school?
 * ... that as CEO of Intel Israel, Maxine Fassberg encouraged women, Arabs, Druze, and Haredi Jews to enter the high-tech sector?
 * ... that when Sarah Bavly arrived in Jerusalem to open a nutrition department in a new health center, she was forced to hide in the building for a week due to the outbreak of the 1929 Palestine riots?
 * ... that before starting her pioneering genetic studies of complex human diseases such as atherosclerosis, Nobuyo Maeda researched sea snake venoms?
 * ... that after Agnes Fay Morgan conducted a nutritional study with foxes, she presented her data wearing a stole made from the fur of her subjects?
 * ... that epidemiologist Yasmin Altwaijri encourages other Saudi Arabian women to become scientists, arguing that this need not "cross the boundaries of our societal norms and customs"?
 * ... that Salinee Tavaranan and her Border Green Energy Team installed solar panels and micro-hydro turbines at the Mae La refugee camp?
 * ... that cancer biologist Lubna Tahtamouni earned her PhD abroad and encouraged students from underprivileged regions of her native Jordan to do the same?
 * ... that Bronx High School of Science graduate Naomi Amir is credited as "the founder of modern child neurology in Israel"?
 * ... that mathematician Moon Duchin was inspired to break gender barriers in mathematics by a book on baseball player Jackie Robinson's struggles against racism?
 * ... that Nancy Sottos helped create the first polymeric self-healing material, announced in Nature in 2001?
 * ... that Ami Radunskaya, a mathematician who heads the Association for Women in Mathematics, spent ten years as a cellist and music composer between high school and college?
 * ... that the labour studies scholar Kendra Coulter calls for interspecies solidarity between human and animal workers?
 * ... that Helen Boyle was the first female president of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association?
 * ... that the bioarchaeologist Charlotte Roberts once worked as a nurse on a burns unit?
 * ... that 18th-century chemist Claudine Picardet translated scientific articles from Swedish, English, German, and Italian into French?
 * ... that Lisbeth Hockey was the first nurse to be awarded an honorary fellowship by the Royal College of General Practitioners?
 * ... that in addition to becoming the first female full professor at Northwestern University, botanist Margery C. Carlson had a nature preserve named after her?
 * ... that the entomologist Alice Gray became known as the "Bug Lady" for her work with the public at the American Museum of Natural History?
 * ... that in 2010 Joanne M. Maguire became the first woman to receive the International von Kármán Wings Award?
 * ... that in 2000, Susan Hanson became the first female geographer to be elected to both the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences?
 * ... that Margaret Ursula Jones directed work at Mucking, the largest archaeological excavation ever undertaken in Britain, for thirteen years, while living on site year round in a small caravan?
 * ... that botanist Dame Margaret Blackwood studied pine trees and maize, and had a species of fungus named after her?
 * ... that physicists Justin Khoury and Amanda Weltman proposed an explanation for the existence of dark energy when the latter was 24 years old?
 * ... that a 1923 book by Progressive Era activist Kate Claghorn has been called "the one significant contemporary study of the immigrant and the American legal system"?
 * ... that as acting commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Aryness Joy Wickens was the highest-paid woman in the US civil service in 1954?
 * ... that Jane Hamilton Hall oversaw the construction of the Clementine, the world's first fast reactor, the first to be fueled by plutonium and the first to use a liquid metal coolant?
 * ... that Jeanne Burbank designed batteries for the first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus (SSN-571)?
 * ... that the botanist Ethel Thomas designed the University of London's botany garden in Regent's Park?
 * ... that Lois Jones led the first all-woman science team to Antarctica in 1969?
 * ... that Elizabeth Truswell used ancient pollen to show that plants existed in Antarctica before the ice cap formed?
 * ... that Helen Fricker was a member of the first group to drill into an Antarctic subglacial lake?
 * ... that In-Young Ahn (pictured) was the first Korean woman to visit Antarctica?
 * ... that a 1980s slide show of Asian lesbians in history and literature created by June Chan and Katherine Hall has been called "grassroots scholarship"?
 * ... that Rita Harradence and her husband synthesised penicillamine?
 * ... that Ukrainian-American endocrinologist Ricka Sapiro Finkler began using the name Rita after Saint Vincent's Hospital offered her a job which they later retracted when they discovered she was a woman?
 * ... that Margarete Zuelzer, only the 37th woman to earn a doctorate at the University of Heidelberg, had to get special permission from her professors to attend their classes?
 * ... that Utako Okamoto, discoverer of tranexamic acid, worked with her infant daughter on her back in the laboratory, as she could not find child care?
 * ... that Ora Mendelsohn Rosen and her colleagues achieved a scientific breakthrough by cloning the human insulin receptor gene?
 * ... that Louise Stevens Bryant, a secretary for the Girl Scouts, also worked with the English sexologist Havelock Ellis?
 * ... that Mary Cabot Wheelwright (pictured as a child) recorded details about Navajo ceremonies in the early 20th century from medicine man Hosteen Klah?
 * ... that Barbara Tsakirgis worked at archaeological excavation sites in Sicily for her doctoral thesis on the subject of Hellenistic houses at Morgantina?
 * ... that, speaking at the 2014 Conference on the Culture of Peace, Vijaya Melnick said that violence against women "continues to be our greatest shame and tragedy"?
 * ... that the Welsh professor Karen Holford entered the first rounds of the 2004 Formula Woman Championship behind the wheel of a Caterham 7?
 * ... that Ina Plug research work on fossils from a site of an Early Iron Age settlement in the farm "Diamant" near Ellisr in South Africa was of domestic dogs dated to 570 AD?
 * ... that Helen Matusevich Oujesky pursued environmental research on pollution of soil and water, particularly of toxic wastes?
 * ... that forensic chemist Mary Louisa Willard was referred to as "Lady Sherlock" for assisting law enforcement officials?
 * ... that Emily Temple-Wood says she will create a Wikipedia article about a woman scientist for every harassing email she receives?
 * ... that NSA cryptanalyst Dorothy Blum was using the Fortran programming language three years before its public release in 1957?
 * ... that biologist Katherine Sanford was the first person to successfully clone a mammal cell in vitro?
 * ... that cell biologist Ruth Lehmann studied maternal effect genes in fruit flies?
 * ... that conservation biologist Leela Hazzah began a program teaching Maasai hunters to protect lions instead of hunt them?
 * ... that medical geneticist Meena Upadhyaya has developed tests to diagnose more than 20 genetic diseases?
 * ... that Dame Lesley Fallowfield was the UK's first professor of psycho-oncology?
 * ... that bioanalytical chemist Cynthia Larive uses NMR and mass spectroscopy to authenticate the contents of pomegranate juice?
 * ... that Doris Mackinnon had a reputation for never repeating a lecture in 30 years?
 * ... that the political scientist Siobhan O'Sullivan argues that animal activists should focus on the inconsistent treatment of animals relative to other animals, not relative to humans?
 * ... that Yue Qi was a winner of the Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology as a graduate student, and then went on to do research for General Motors?
 * ... that Ann Bowling studied hereditary diseases in animals that were genetically linked to their coat color?
 * ... that the British plant pathologist Mary Glynne climbed Mount Fuji when she was 68?
 * ... that Suzanne Duigan was a botanist who specialised in palynology, particularly the study of fossil pollen?
 * ... that Olga Tufnell assisted in unearthing the biblical city of Lachish?
 * ... that Christiane Floyd was the first female professor of computer science in Germany?
 * ... that Canada's status as a bilingual country inspired Janet Werker to study language acquisition?
 * ... that Jennifer Childs-Roshak is the first person with a medical degree to become the chief executive of a Planned Parenthood affiliate?
 * ... that Zvezdelina Stankova brought ideas from her Bulgarian mathematical education to California by founding the Berkeley Math Circle?
 * ... that Norma Cox Astwood, a clinical psychologist, became Vice President of the Senate of Bermuda?
 * ... that Beatrice Helen Worsley wrote the first program for the Manchester Mark 1, received the first PhD in computer science, and holds the record among WRENs for the longest time at sea?
 * ... that Angela Hartley Brodie's award-winning research led to the development of steroidal aromatase inhibitors as new treatments for breast cancer?
 * ... that while everyone else thought the field horsetail growing on nursery land in Palmerston North was ornamental, Dame Ella Orr Campbell correctly identified it as an invasive species?
 * ... that according to Lynne Kelly's theory, Stonehenge was used as a centre for recording and accessing knowledge?
 * ... that Velma Scantlebury, the first African American woman transplant surgeon in the United States, estimates she has completed over 2,000 organ transplants?
 * ... that Brenda Andrews co-led a team of scientists to create the first fully detailed cell protein map?
 * ... that one of the first women to work in radio astronomy, Elizabeth Alexander, actually preferred geology?
 * ... that nuclear chemist and Haitinger Prize winner Elizabeth Rona worked at the Bornö Marine Research Station for twelve summers analyzing sea sediments for their radium content?
 * ... that Cicely Blair discovered that people with albinism cannot get blackheads?
 * ... that Fanny Knight excavated a Roman villa, repaired a castle, wrote a book, and was an accomplished botanist and artist?
 * ... that Mary Amdur gassed her own guinea pigs to prove that breathing sulphuric acid was dangerous?
 * ... that French economist Laurence Tubiana, appointed Special Ambassador to the COP21 climate change meeting in Paris, managed the negotiations that led to a new agreement signed by 195 countries?
 * ... that haematologist Lucy Meredith Bryce was the director of the first blood transfusion service in Australia?
 * ... that, while studying interfacial phenomena, Heather C. Allen discovered that halides such as bromide are located close to the surface of water?
 * ... that Austrian physician Gisela Januszewska, famed for her work among Bosnian Muslim women and highly decorated for her World War I service, died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp?
 * ... that Victoria Bricker has studied the languages, astronomy, and ethnobotany of the Maya?
 * ... that Edith Irby made national news when she was accepted in 1948 as the first African American medical student in the Southern United States?
 * ... that Christian Ramsay (pictured), honorary member of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, was so dedicated to botany that she died with a list of plants in her hand?
 * ... that, although Elizabeth Gray died, her family's tradition of collecting fossils at Girvan lasted for 86 years?
 * ... that cell biologist Margaret Reed Lewis may have been the first person to successfully grow mammalian tissue in vitro?
 * ... that the British orthopaedic surgeon Samantha Tross made long jumps during her education?
 * ... that of the more than 3,000 midwives working in the state of Florida in the early 1920s, Victoria Joyce Ely was the only one who was trained and licensed?
 * ... that gastroenterologist Sara Murray Jordan co-wrote a cookbook titled Good Food for Bad Stomachs?
 * ... that physiotherapist Janet Carr specialised in rehabilitation after stroke?
 * ... that while working on her graduate degree in chemistry, Emīlija Gudriniece won the Latvian Women's Motorcycle Championship in 1949, and then won it again in 1953?
 * ... that Ruth Schmidt, an employee of the United States Geological Survey, was questioned in two McCarthyist hearings because of her association with a bookstore?
 * ... that molecular cell biologist Mónica Bettencourt-Dias also studied scientific communication, the way scientists communicate with the public?
 * ... that conservationist Rose Gaffney, known as "The Belle of Bodega Bay," helped halt the construction of a nuclear power plant in Bodega Bay, California?
 * ... that Elisa Oricchio identified that the ephrin receptor EphA7 plays a role in tumor development of follicular lymphoma?
 * ... that Doris Calloway studied farts, space food, and broccoli?
 * ... that at 101 years old, Esther Somerfeld-Ziskind was still attending patients at Los Angeles Children's Hospital?
 * ... that collaboration between botanists Elinor Francis Vallentin and A.D. Cotton resulted in the first comprehensive study of cryptogams from the Falkland Islands?
 * ... that Anne Beloff-Chain founded the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Buckingham?
 * ... that astrophysicist Naomi McClure-Griffiths discovered a new spiral arm in the Milky Way?
 * ... that May Owen discovered that the talcum powder used on surgical gloves caused infection and peritoneal scarring?
 * ... that Lidija Liepiņa worked with a team of other scientists in a mobile laboratory in a train boxcar, testing filters to create Russia's first functional gas mask?
 * ... that Catherine Feuillet led a team to successfully map the largest wheat chromosome, 3B?
 * ... that Japanese physicist Toshiko Yuasa studied in Paris under Frédéric Joliot-Curie and developed her own beta-ray spectrometer in Berlin?
 * ... that Vera Faddeeva 1950 book Computational methods of linear algebra was one of the first publications in that field of mathematics?
 * ... that Una Ryan and Una Ryan both emigrated from their countries, study infectious disease, and were honored with the Order of the British Empire and Prime Minister's Prizes for Science, respectively?
 * ... that Marguerite Lehr conducted a televised lecture course on mathematics in the 1950s?
 * ... that Louise Hay was the only woman to direct a math department at a major research university in her era?
 * ... that biochemist Kathryn Ferguson Fink developed radiolabeling techniques that were used to study the success of chemotherapy?
 * ... that Katherine Belov discovered that the contagious cancer decimating the Tasmanian devil spreads due to lack of genetic diversity?
 * ... that Singaporean fungi expert Gloria Lim was once summoned by her country's Ministry of Defence when their storage area developed mold?
 * ... that Diana Marcela Bolaños Rodriguez studies marine flatworms to learn about their regenerative abilities?
 * ... that Charlotte Sahl-Madsen introduced multiple intelligences into the Universe?
 * ... that after Cecilia Bouzat was given a L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science she was received by the President of Argentina?
 * ... that Catherine A. Lozupone created the UniFrac algorithm, which has allowed researchers to plot the relationships between microbial communities in the human gut?
 * ... that Andrea Ablasser discovered a molecule that warns nearby cells when it encounters a pathogen?
 * ... that American mechanical engineer Alice Agogino won the NSF's Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1985?
 * ... that Vera Fedorovna Gaze, who discovered around 150 emission nebulae, had a minor planet and a crater on Venus named for her?
 * ... that Stephanie Burns, an organosilicon chemist, served as President and CEO of Dow Corning?
 * ... that Yueh-Lin Loo invented nanotransfer printing, a technique that allows electrical circuits to be printed onto plastic surfaces?
 * ... that German astrophysicist Hanna von Hoerner designed the cosmic dust analyser onboard Rosetta?
 * ... that Dorothea Leighton is one of the founders of the field of medical anthropology?
 * ... that Patricia Numann founded the Association of Women Surgeons, chaired the American Board of Surgery, and was president of the American College of Surgeons?
 * ... that the Armitt Library is named for the polyglot Mary Louisa Armitt?
 * ... that Idelisa Bonnelly pushed for the first humpback whale sanctuary to be established and was inducted into the Global 500 Roll of Honour of UNEP for her defense of the environment?
 * ... that Tebello Nyokong is helping to pioneer a safer method of cancer detection and therapy that does not have the harmful side effects of chemotherapy?
 * ... that Omowunmi Sadik has developed highly sensitive microelectrode biosensors that can detect explosives?
 * ... that Frances Gertrude McGill, a Canadian forensic pathologist, was referred to as the "Sherlock Holmes of Saskatchewan"?
 * ... that after Olga Fedchenko husband died on Mont Blanc in 1873, she was asked to continue their work by Moscow's Society of Natural Scientists?
 * ... that bacteriologist Maria von Linden received a patent for her discovery that copper salts could be used as a disinfectant?
 * ... that Ida Shepard Oldroyd curated the world's second largest collection of mollusk shells?
 * ... that Tsuruko Haraguchi, the first Japanese woman to receive a PhD, helped establish an experimental psychology laboratory at Japan Women's University?
 * ... that towards the end of her life, biologist Mary Cynthia Dickerson had hallucinations of the Arctic explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson?
 * ... that Soviet physician Vera Lebedeva instituted a successful program to reduce infant mortality in her country?
 * ... that the Celsiella, a type of glass frog, was named after Josefa Celsa Señaris?
 * ... that Marie Lebour studied the life cycles of marine animals until she was 88?
 * ... that biologist Kono Yasui was only allowed to study outside of Japan if she listed "home economics research" alongside "scientific research" on her application and agreed not to marry?
 * ... that Ragnhild Sundby doctoral thesis concluded that fluctuations of miner moth populations were mainly caused by parasitic wasps?
 * ... that German biochemist Ulrike Beisiegel is the first woman to serve as president of the University of Göttingen?
 * ... that botanist and ecologist Edith Clements illustrated most of her own books?
 * ... that Michiyo Tsujimura discovery of vitamin C in green tea contributed to an increase in tea exports to America?
 * ... that theoretical physicist Mariangela Lisanti was named on MIT Technology Review TR35 list of innovators when she was 18 years old?
 * ... that neuroscientist Kay Tye has used light to identify connections in the brain that are linked to anxiety?
 * ... that Grace Medes discovered the human metabolic disorder of tyrosinemia in 1932?
 * ... that Canadian oncologist Kathleen I. Pritchard was one of the most cited researchers in the world in 2014 and 2015?
 * ... that Grace Oladunni Taylor was the first African to win the L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science and the second woman inducted into the Nigerian Academy of Science?
 * ... that Eva-Maria Neher, a German scientist in biochemistry and microbiology and founder of Göttingen Xlab, is married to Erwin Neher, a Nobel laureate?
 * ... that Myeong-Hee Yu won a L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science in 1998 for her work on the protein alpha-1 antitrypsin?
 * ... that the seaweed expert Mary Philadelphia Merrifield learnt Swedish so she could correspond with the naturalist Jacob Georg Agardh?
 * ... that biologist Marvalee Wake, an expert on caecilians, is married to an expert on salamanders?
 * ... that the glaciologist Moira Dunbar is the only female recipient of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society's Massey Medal?
 * ... that medal-winning ice dancer Kakani Katija Young is a bioengineer studying the contribution of sea creatures to tidal movement?
 * ... that the Japanese chemist Chika Kuroda helped to create an antihypertensive drug from an onion skin?
 * ... that Agathe L. van Beverwijk left her research role at the Amsterdam Cancer Institute because she refused to experiment on animals?
 * ... that Kathrin Barboza Marquez rediscovered a bat in Bolivia which had been thought to be extinct in the country?
 * ... that Alice Alldredge, an expert on marine snow, has been in the top 0.1% of the Web of Science's highly cited researchers list since 2003?
 * ... that by 1975, the year Marcy Cottrell Houle's book Wings for My Flight documents, only 324 pairs of peregrine falcons resided in the United States?
 * ... that Vida Latham advocated for women in dentistry and medicine throughout her career in both fields?
 * ... that Cecile Hoover Edwards, an expert on African-American nutrition, sought to identify low-cost foods with an optimal amino acid composition?
 * ... that after mathematician Hinke Osinga studied invariant manifolds in her doctoral dissertation, she made a crochet model of one?
 * ... that a street in Rome is named after female Italian mathematician Pia Nalli?
 * ... that Loretta Marron became known as "the Jelly Bean Lady" after using jelly beans to test bogus health products?
 * ... that Berta Bobath and her husband, who jointly won an award for working with people with disabilities, took an overdose together?
 * ... that UCSD biophysicist Rommie Amaro co-mentored a teen who won the 2013 Siemens Competition, the 2013 Google Science Fair, and the 2014 Intel Science Talent Search?
 * ... that chemist and science diplomat Nancy B. Jackson was the first implementer of the U.S. State Department's Chemical Security Engagement Program?
 * ... that genetics researcher and MIT professor emeritus Mary-Lou Pardue once declined a PhD and convinced her department to give her a master's degree instead?
 * ... that polymath Lina Eckenstein saw a link between the tomb of Pharaoh Seti I and the death of Cock Robin?
 * ... that Catherine T. Hunt, the 2007 president of the American Chemical Society, won the society's first election to use Internet voting?
 * ... that computer scientist Hilary Kahn advised Ph.D. students as a professor at the University of Manchester but never got a Ph.D. herself?
 * ... that Canadian tech entrepreneur Suhayya Abu-Hakima, who has founded two startups and holds 30 international patents, received a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012?
 * ... that astrobiologist and freediver Nathalie Cabrol selected the landing site for the Mars rover Spirit?
 * ... that Susan Bailey, a British specialist in child psychiatry, appeared as an expert witness in the James Bulger murder trial?
 * ... that Toni von Langsdorff was inspired to become a physician because of spinal tuberculosis, but was almost foiled by an ophthalmologist?
 * ... that Sarah Spiegel has received continuous funding for nearly 20 years from the National Institutes of Health to research the S1P molecule, which she discovered?
 * ... that Carden Wallace was in the team that discovered mass spawning on the Great Barrier Reef?
 * ... that a biography of the much-travelled Professor Josephine Tilden was titled "Algae of Acrimony"?
 * ... that Lucille Farrier Stickel (pictured) was the first woman to become director of a United States national research laboratory?
 * ... that Grace Eldering, along with Pearl Kendrick, developed the first successful pertussis vaccine and large-scale controlled trial for it?
 * ... that Elena Cattaneo "show[ed] the influence that individual scientists can have in fighting anti-science forces"?
 * ... that the Anita Borg Institute gave blind computer scientist Chieko Asakawa their Women of Vision Award?
 * ... that the computer scientist Jean Bacon became the first woman on the faculty of the Computer Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in 1985?
 * ... that Molly Shoichet is a fellow of all three Canadian National Academies, the only person to hold this distinction?
 * ... that Jeanne Lampl-de Groot, a Dutch psychiatrist and protégée of Sigmund Freud, fled the Nazis twice?
 * ... that Lucie Randoin was made a member of the Legion of Honour in 1958?
 * ... that an English computer was awarded a silver medal by the Vatican?
 * ... that cell biologist Zena Werb changed her undergraduate major from geophysics to biochemistry after being told there was no accommodation for women at a field site?
 * ... that Chien-Shiung Wu conducted the Wu experiment, which contradicted the hypothetical law of conservation of parity?
 * ... that Lixia Zhang coined the term "middlebox"?
 * ... that endocrinologist Neena Schwartz had a 50-year career in scientific research, but only came out as lesbian after she retired?
 * ... that the immunology professor Mary Collins studies ways to use genetically engineered HIV as a vaccine?
 * ... that evolutionary biologist Scott Edwards and social psychologist Jennifer Richeson were the only two black scientists elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 2015?
 * ... that Laura Forster was the first Australian woman doctor to volunteer her services as a medic in Belgium during World War I?
 * ... that Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin was the first female full professor of mathematics in France?
 * ... that Lady Katherine Sophia Kane was the first woman to be elected to the Botanical Society of Edinburgh?
 * ... that Nina Starr Braunwald designed, fabricated and implanted the first successful artificial mitral heart valve replacement in a human?
 * ... that Abbie Lathrop mouse number 57 was the origin of the C57BL/6 laboratory mouse (pictured)?
 * ... that Elda Emma Anderson prepared the first sample of pure uranium-235 at the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory?
 * ... that Qian Xiuling (pictured) interceded with the German General Falkenhausen to save nearly a hundred Belgians from execution?
 * ... that Laurel van der Wal—‌rocket scientist, cop, model, showgirl, art teacher, aircraft mechanic, switchman, casino shill—‌was "impatient with people who do not make full use of all their capabilities"?
 * ... that Sharon Anderson was the first woman to serve as president of the American Society of Nephrology?
 * ... that Cari Corrigan was one of the first to analyze a new nakhlite from Mars?
 * ... that German-American economist Edith Hirsch met her husband at the childhood home of Albert Einstein's wife?
 * ... that the asteroid 3241 Yeshuhua is named after a woman astronomer?
 * ... that Judith Vaitukaitis developed the chemical technique for the first home pregnancy test after trying to use it to diagnose cancer?
 * Vivian Pinn (article's talk page missing blurb)
 * ... that Alice H. Lichtenstein is the lead author of the American Heart Association's Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations?
 * ... that the psychologist May Smith spent three years studying the effects of fatigue on herself?
 * ... that during World War II, Genevieve Grotjan Feinstein (pictured) made "one of the greatest achievements in the history of U.S. codebreaking"?
 * ... that Angella D. Ferguson discovered that African-American infants learned to sit and stand at a younger age than European-American babies?
 * ... that marine biologist Anne Rudloe of the Gulf Specimen Marine Laboratory was also a Zen Buddhist Abbot?
 * ... that Maria Elizabetha Jacson was wary of offending her society's conventions by writing about sexual classification?
 * ... that the lack of minorities and women in Shirley M. Malcom college classes later inspired her to manage the National Science Foundation's Minority Institutions Science Improvement Program?
 * ... that Naomi Sager helped develop the first computer program to parse English?
 * ... that the Canadian-born psychiatrist Lydia Giberson was the first woman assistant vice president of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company?
 * ... that cardiologist and Gambian native Hannah Valantine is the Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity at the United States National Institutes of Health?
 * ... that Dagmar Hülsenberg, with a doctorate in both cost accounting and materials science, was the youngest professor in the German Democratic Republic?
 * ... that Constance Ellis was the first woman to receive a medical degree from the University of Melbourne?
 * ... that if not for her high scores in high school, Xuemei Chen might not have been able to study plant physiology at Peking University?
 * ... that Margaret Allen was the first woman to perform a heart transplant?
 * ... that the Chinese physicist He Zehui (pictured) researched nuclear physics in Heidelberg during World War II?
 * ... that Alice Perry was the first woman to graduate as an engineer in Ireland and the United Kingdom?
 * ... that Sinah Estelle Kelley helped mass-produce penicillin for the U. S. Department of Agriculture following the Second World War?
 * ... that Myra Adele Logan was the first woman to perform open heart surgery?
 * ... that Kimberly Bryant founded Black Girls Code, an organization that aims to teach one million African-American girls to code by 2040?
 * ... that Eliza Ann Grier (pictured), an emancipated slave, was the first African-American woman licensed to practice medicine in the state of Georgia?
 * ... that the first woman elected to the Geological Society of America, Mary Emilie Holmes, was also one of the cofounders of a historically black college?
 * ... that Frances Ames was the first woman to receive a Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Cape Town?
 * ... that the engineer Willie Hobbs Moore, credited with expanding Japanese manufacturing practices at Ford Motor Company, was the first African-American woman to receive a PhD in physics?
 * ... that Aleen Cust (pictured) was the first female vet recognised by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in Ireland and the United Kingdom?
 * ... that immunologist Mary Loveless collected and prepared some 30,000 insects to use for her research into insect venom allergies?
 * ... that in the 1960s, Kamal Ranadive established India's first tissue culture research laboratory at the Indian Cancer Research Centre in Mumbai?
 * ... that Huda Zoghbi (pictured), the physician–scientist who identified the gene that causes Rett syndrome, originally wanted to study literature?
 * ... that Columbia University professor Deborah Mowshowitz teaches introductory biology by having students solve famous historical problems?
 * ... that the scientist Lisa-Ann Gershwin, who has discovered 200 species of jellyfish, is related to George Gershwin?
 * ... that when Mary Brodrick (pictured) applied to study Egyptology at the Sorbonne in Paris, she was told, "But we do not take little girls here"?
 * ... that the book accompanying Computer Engineer Barbie was withdrawn in 2014 after protests that it depicts Barbie as incompetent with computers?
 * ... that Dr. Mary Cannon research group found that more than one-fifth of Irish 11- to 13-year-olds have experienced "auditory hallucinations"?
 * ... that James Colliander, Gigliola Staffilani, and Terence Tao are part of a collaborative group of mathematicians called the I-team?
 * ... that mathematician Linda Preiss Rothschild settled for graduate study at MIT after Princeton rejected her for being female?
 * ... that Elaine Surick Oran techniques for simulating dynamic fluid flows have been applied to phenomena as varied as the movements of fish and the explosions of supernovae?
 * ... that Ioana Dumitriu began taking graduate mathematics courses as a college freshman, and became the first female Putnam Fellow the following year?
 * ... that Iota Sigma Pi National Honorary Member award has gone to chemists Marie Curie, Gerty Cori, and Dorothy Hodgkin?
 * ... that British botanist Dorothea Pertz also trained as a masseuse?
 * ... that Canadian botanist, combat ambulance driver, and political activist Julia Wilmotte Henshaw (pictured) urged women voters to support conscription, yet was also anti-suffrage?
 * ... that the Clinton administration abandoned plans to nominate Alicia Munnell to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors following protest by ten Republican Senators?
 * ... that Maude Delap was the first person to breed jellyfish in captivity?
 * ... that Matilda Cullen Knowles is considered the founder of modern studies of Irish lichens?
 * ... that Elsie Dalyell was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire after travelling across Europe with the Royal Army Medical Corps to provide aid during World War I?
 * ... that while serving as chair of the US Atomic Energy Commission, Dixy Lee Ray was chauffeured to and from her office along with her Scottish deerhound and miniature poodle?
 * ... that in 1920 Louise Pearce tested a cure for the fatal epidemic of African sleeping sickness in the Belgian Congo?
 * ... that MacArthur Fellow Tami Bond, known for her study of black carbon, became interested in engineering after her car broke down?
 * ... that Hoylande Young was the first woman division head at the Argonne National Laboratory?
 * ... that the National Council of Women of Australia made Margaret Windeyer an honorary life president in 1918, though she had never been a member of the council's executive board?
 * ... that Bertha Lamme Feicht was both the first woman to ever receive a degree in engineering from Ohio State University and to be employed by Westinghouse Electric as an engineer?
 * ... that the popular science writers Elizabeth and Mary Kirby crowdsourced their first joint book in 1848?
 * ... that Susan Leeman was the first woman elected to the National Academy of Sciences in physiology and pharmacology?
 * ... that English biochemist Ida Maclean was the first woman on staff at the Manchester University chemistry department, and the first to be admitted to the London Chemical Society?
 * ... that Frances McConnell-Mills` father, a doctor, refused to pay for her medical school tuition because he thought medicine was "too hard a life for a woman"?
 * ... that quirky dogs and plural wugs helped Jean Berko Gleason show that young children extract linguistic rules from what they hear, rather than just memorizing words?
 * ... that Ivy Parker was the first woman to receive a PhD in chemistry from the University of Texas?
 * ... that Nancy M. Hill, one of the first women physicians in the United States, founded a society to provide shelter and support for unwed mothers and their babies in Dubuque, Iowa?
 * ... that Janet Greig and her sister Jane, both doctors, were founding members of Melbourne's Queen Victoria Hospital and inductees of the Victorian Honour Roll of Women?
 * ... that bacteriologist Sara Branham Matthews was considered to be one of the "grand ladies of microbiology"?
 * ... that Justina Ford (pictured) was the only African American woman to be licensed as a physician in Denver for nearly 50 years?
 * ... that Cassandra Pickett Durham was the first woman to earn a medical degree in the U.S. state of Georgia?
 * ... that in the last ten years, Lisa Kewley has won a Hubble postdoctoral fellowship, the Annie J. Cannon Award, the Newton Lacy Pierce Prize, and been elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science?
 * ... that astronomer Adelaide Ames joined the Harvard College Observatory as a research assistant because she could not find any jobs in journalism?
 * ... that biology teacher Blanche Evans Dean wrote several books about Alabama's natural history after becoming frustrated with the lack of books on the subject?
 * ... that Liebe Sokol Diamond, who was born without several fingers, became an orthopedic surgeon specializing in children's hand deformities?
 * ... that marine zoologist Daphne Gail Fautin, described as the world authority on sea anemones (pictured), lives and works in landlocked Lawrence, Kansas?
 * ... that chemist Madeleine M. Joullié developed indanediones, used by the U.S. Secret Service to detect fingerprints?
 * ... that Doris Huestis Speirs, after whom an annual prize bestowed by the Society of Canadian Ornithologists is named, exhibited her paintings with the Group of Seven and the Canadian Group of Painters?
 * ... that Vera Bogdanovskaia (pictured) was killed in 1896 while trying to make H-C≡P, a chemical not successfully synthesized until 1961?
 * ... that E. Gail de Planque was the first woman and first health physicist to become a Commissioner at the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission?
 * ... that Irene Greif is a founder of computer-supported cooperative work?
 * ... that Dr. Edith Claypole died of typhoid while working on immunizations for WWI troops, even though she had been immunized herself?
 * ... that Ada Hitchins measurements of atomic mass from uranium ores (pictured) provided the first experimental evidence for the existence of isotopes?
 * ... that after working on the Manhattan Project, Myrtle Bachelder went on to develop methods for the purification of the rare elements tellurium and indium?
 * ... that biochemist Sofia Simmonds, despite her scientific accomplishments, was not promoted to full professor at Yale until nearly 30 years after she started there?
 * ... that Emily Lakdawalla of The Planetary Society has identified places where Martian drones can land on Earth?
 * ... that June Lascelles was an Australian microbiologist who taught and researched into bacteria at Oxford and UCLA?
 * ... that between animal experiments, research physiologist Maria Carmela Lico (pictured) read novels by Argentinian writer Julio Cortázar?
 * ... that Catherine Clarke Fenselau was the first trained mass spectrometrist on the faculty of an American medical school?
 * ... that Adeyinka Gladys Falusi of Nigeria is a L'Oréal-UNESCO laureate for her molecular genetics research into hereditary blood disorders such as sickle-cell disease and alpha-thalassemia?
 * ... that chemist Pauline Gracia Beery Mack was the first woman to win the Silver Snoopy award?
 * ... that Mary Lura Sherrill is one of three women from the same research group who have independently won the Garvan Medal for women in chemistry?
 * ... that Julie Makani won the Royal Society Pfizer Award for her research into sickle cell disease in Tanzania?
 * ... that Beryl Platt helped design and test three WWII fighter planes: the Hurricane, the Typhoon, and the Tempest V?
 * ... that Professor Karimat El-Sayed learnt how to balance her scientific ambitions and her family life from Kathleen Lonsdale?
 * ... that pathologist Frieda Robscheit-Robbins did not share her male research partner's 1934 Nobel Prize, but he shared the prize money with her?
 * ... that Akiko Kobayashi got the L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science for creating a material that is both organic and metallic?
 * ... that Leila Schneps (pictured), mathematician, researcher, and author of Math on Trial also writes mathematically-themed murder mysteries under the pen-name Catherine Shaw?
 * ... that Marie Meurdrac 1656 book on Useful and Easy Chemistry, for the Benefit of Ladies had ten editions in three languages?
 * ... that before it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, Edith Marion Patch house nearly went up in flames?
 * ... that Edith Humphrey is thought to be the first British woman to obtain a doctorate in chemistry, in 1901?
 * ... that Vivian Wing-Wah Yam was the youngest member to be elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences?
 * ... that Nalini Anantharaman won a Mathematical Physics prize for her work on quantum chaos, Schrödinger equations and quantum unique ergodicity?
 * ... that cell biologist Rachael Dunlop and her colleagues discovered how an amino acid produced by blue-green algae might trigger the onset of ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease)?
 * ... that Jennie Patrick, a woman who was told she did not belong at the University in Berkeley in the 1970s, received the Outstanding Women in Science and Engineering Award in 1980?
 * ... that Josephine Silone Yates (pictured) was the first black woman to head a college science department in the United States?
 * ... that Vivienne Cassie Cooper is New Zealand's "leading expert" on the microscopic algae diatom?
 * ... that collections left by naturalists Frederick Lukis and his daughter Louisa, wife of Sark's feudal ruler William Thomas Collings, are the most significant natural history collections displayed by the museums of Guernsey?
 * ... that YinzCam, a Pittsburgh-based company providing official mobile apps for more than 30 professional sports franchises, was created by Carnegie Mellon University Professor Priya Narasimhan?
 * ... that anthropologist Nina Jablonski was inspired to study science by a National Geographic program on palaeontologist Louis Leakey?
 * ... that American astronomer Pamela L. Gay has directed citizen science projects enabling people to help map the surface of the Moon through an online mapping interface?
 * ... that former Chilean Environment Minister Adriana Hoffmann identified 106 new species of cacti?
 * ... that Janice Eberly was the first female National President of Future Farmers of America and then Chief Economist for the U.S. Treasury Department?
 * ... that Estelle Ramey name was formalized so that she could go to school?
 * ... that Judith Pipher has been referred to as the "mother of infrared astronomy"?
 * ... that Mary Hamilton Swindler was the first woman editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Archaeology (1932–46) since its inception in 1885?
 * ... that Emily Willingham, a biologist from Texas, was called "one of the sharpest science writers in the blogosphere" by Steve Silberman?
 * ... that of 143 gorillas studied by Magdalena Bermejo in October 2002, only 13 were still alive four months later?
 * ... that Susan Gerbi worked with Joseph Gall to develop in situ hybridization for her Ph.D. research?
 * ... that Nora Lilian Alcock was the Scottish government's first plant pathologist?
 * ... that British physiologist Mabel Purefoy FitzGerald attended Oxford before women were granted degrees and 75 years later received an honorary master's when she was 100 years old?
 * ... that Bertha Parker Pallan (pictured) was one of the first female Native American archaeologists?
 * ... that female physicist Elizabeth Laird came out of retirement during WWII to research radar?
 * ... that Anna Baetjer discovered the link between chromium exposure and cancer?
 * ... that mathematician Grace Bates was the only woman allowed to study differential equations in her final year at college?
 * ... that the Ph.D dissertation of taphonomist Kay Behrensmeyer suggested that sauropods were terrestrial?
 * ... that photographer Cecilia Glaisher compiled an illustrated book of ferns during the Victorian fern craze?
 * ... that pioneering petrographer Eleanora Knopf was the daughter of General Tasker H. Bliss?
 * ... that medical illustrator Audrey Arnott passed on techniques she learned from Max Brödel to other British illustrators?
 * ... that macromolecular crystallographer Martha L. Ludwig solved the first flavoprotein structure?
 * ... that ophthalmologist Antoinette Pirie investigated the effect of mustard gas on the cornea?
 * ... that mathematician Sibyl M. Rock (pictured) helped develop both analog and digital computers for use in mass spectrometry?
 * ... that the first modern cochlear implant was developed by Austrian electrical engineer Ingeborg Hochmair?
 * ... that the first person to isolate Vitamin E, Gladys Anderson Emerson, taught history before starting her career in biochemistry?
 * ... that Blanche Wheeler Williams and Harriet Boyd Hawes discovered the ancient Minoan complex at Gournia in 1901?
 * ... that Gloria Long Anderson, a chemist and school administrator, was appointed by President Richard Nixon to serve on the Corporation for Public Broadcasting's board?
 * ... that geneticist Florence Margaret Durham bred 6,983 guinea pigs for her study of whether daily doses of alcohol had hereditary effects?
 * ... that Diane Harper, who formerly worked on the clinical trials of the HPV vaccine, has since questioned the vaccine's safety and efficacy?
 * ... that Fatimata Seye Sylla has spearheaded efforts to get Senegalese women and children Internet access?
 * ... that Elizabeth Press worked with Rodney Porter for 25 years, contributing significantly to his 1972 Nobel Prize?
 * ... that the first female professor at Glasgow University, Delphine Parrott, was especially good at vivisecting mice?
 * ... that cryobiologist Audrey Smith scientific papers include "A Simple Method for Reanimating Ice-cold Rats and Mice" and "Resuscitation of Hamsters after Supercooling or Partial Crystallization"?
 * ... that the subjects of Marjorie Senechal books include quasicrystals, Albania, and silk?
 * ... that Jean Swank (pictured), who studied black holes and neutron stars, was awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal?
 * ... that biochemist Nancy Chang (pictured) became interested in biology after reading James Watson's book on the discovery of the double helix?
 * ... that Mary Anne Whitby, who had reintroduced sericulture to England in the 1830s, carried out selective breeding experiments on her silkworms which were published by Darwin?
 * ... that Kuwaiti electrochemist Faiza Al-Kharafi was the first woman to head a major university in the Middle East?
 * ... that paleobotanist Shya Chitaley named an extinct plant species for Cleveland's bicentennial and also had an extinct plant species named for her?
 * ... that  Alice Ball developed an injectable medicine that was the most effective treatment of leprosy before the 1940s?
 * ... that geologist Sharon A. Hill has investigated and reported on recent claims about Bigfoot DNA evidence?
 * ... that nuclear physicist Katharine Way co-edited a 1946 bestseller which included essays by Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein and Robert Oppenheimer, and sold over 100,000 copies?
 * ... that Leona Woods was the only woman present when the world's first nuclear reactor went critical?
 * ... that Lesley Yellowlees is the first female president of the Royal Society of Chemistry and is the subject of two portraits in the National Portrait Gallery?
 * ... that astrophysicist Joan Feynman (pictured), sister of noted physicist Richard Feynman, discovered that auroras are caused by the solar wind's magnetic field interacting with Earth's magnetosphere?
 * ... that Margaret Snyder was the first director of the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)?
 * ... that the research of Gertrude Van Wagenen (pictured) and John McLean Morris led to the development of the morning-after pill?
 * ... that Norwegian female academic pioneers from the 19th century included Dagny Bang, Kristine Munch, Louise Isachsen, Helga Eng and Rikke Nissen?
 * ... that Hilde Levi helped develop the radiocarbon dating equipment used to date the Grauballe Man?
 * ... that Tilly Edinger founded paleoneurology?
 * ... that Ynes Mexia collected 150,000 plant samples during a career that began at the age of 55?
 * ... that pioneering midwife Marie LaChapelle first delivered a baby when she was 15?
 * ... that American botanist Mary Katharine Brandegee earned her M.D. but never practiced medicine?
 * ... that Soviet botanist Nikolai Vavilov tried to lure Margaret Newton to work at Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences with an offer that included a camel caravan?
 * ... that Helen Wright researched the history of telescopes?
 * ... that Elaine Didier (pictured), director of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum in Michigan, sewed her own wedding dress?
 * ... that archeologist Anna Curtenius Roosevelt, the great-grandaughter of Theodore Roosevelt, described a pre-Columbian civilization in Brazil as having "outstanding indigenous cultural achievements"?
 * ... that in the early 1900s, Gabrielle Matthaei determined the role of temperature in photosynthesis, though the reaction does not bear her name today?
 * ... that in 2011, geneticist Riin Tamm (pictured) was chosen as one of 26 scientists to travel around Estonia and take part in events at schools and academic institutions?
 * ... that a few years after earning two degrees in marine toxicology, Riki Ott (pictured) became unexpectedly involved with the Exxon Valdez oil spill?
 * ... that Mary Barber discovered that natural selection caused penicillin resistance to increase in Staphylococcus bacteria?
 * ... that Helen Dyer discovered why chemotherapies with heavy metals are toxic?
 * ... that Leonora Bilger was the 1953 recipient of the American Chemical Society's Garvan–Olin Medal?
 * ... that Ida Barney was given the 1953 Annie J. Cannon Award in Astronomy for measuring the positions of over 150,000 stars?
 * ... that Irish algologist Anne Elizabeth Ball has two species of seaweed named for her?
 * ... that the collections of amateur natural historian Mary Elizabeth Barber may have influenced Charles Darwin's deliberations on the role of moths in orchid pollination?
 * ... that Judith Donath has explored the use of artificial emotions in avatars and their potential use in online advertising?
 * ... that British astronomer Isis Pogson was probably named after a river, and an asteroid was probably named after her?
 * ... that geologist Sydney Mary Thompson discovered a glacial erratic that redefined the westernmost extent of the Irish Sea Glacier?
 * ... that phycologist Mary Parke first described the oyster larvae food Isochrysis galbana?
 * ... that San Francisco Conservatory of Music faculty member Indre Viskontas (pictured) has performed research into the neurological basis of memory, reasoning, and self-identity?
 * ... that Hertha Ayrton's 1902 candidature to be the first woman elected Fellow of the Royal Society was turned down on the basis that as a married woman she had no standing in law?
 * ... that British mathematician Margaret Meyer was the first woman to be elected to the Royal Astronomical Society?
 * ... that biochemist Rosalind Pitt-Rivers co-discovered the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine in 1952?
 * ... that pharmacologist Edith Bülbring work on catecholamines and smooth muscle led to her election as a Fellow of the Royal Society?
 * ... that Ida Freund was the first female university chemistry lecturer in the United Kingdom?
 * ... that Beatrice Hicks, the founding president of the Society of Women Engineers, created a device that made the moon landings possible?
 * ... that anthropologist Beatrice Blackwood ran Oxford's Pitt Rivers Museum from 1938 until 1959?
 * ... that Marjory Stephenson, along with Kathleen Lonsdale, was one of the first two women to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society?
 * ... that Helen Porter helped to pioneer the use of radioactive tracers in botany?
 * ... that neuropsychologist Eleanor Maguire was awarded an Ig Nobel Prize for demonstrating that London taxi drivers have large hippocampi?
 * ... that organic chemist Darshan Ranganathan did pioneering work in protein folding?
 * ... that Mary Pickford was the first woman appointed to a medical professorship at Edinburgh University?
 * ... that Kamala Sohonie received the Rashtrapati Award for her work on supplementing tribal diets with the beverage neera?
 * ... that Ann Bishop, an early female protozoologist, studied treatments for parasitic diseases including amoebic dysentery and malaria?
 * ... that geochemist Terry Plank, awarded a 2012 MacArthur genius grant, grew up in a schist quarry and in third grade was the youngest member of the Delaware Mineralogical Society?
 * ... that Mary Buckland, a scientific illustrator, took a year-long geological tour as a honeymoon with her husband William Buckland?
 * ... that Margarete Bieber was the second woman to become a university professor in Germany?
 * ... that Tar Heel Annie Lowrie Alexander (pictured) was the first licensed female physician in the Southern United States?
 * ... that DARPA director Arati Prabhakar was the first female director of National Institute of Standards and Technology, and also the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in applied physics from Caltech?
 * ... that botanist Sara Plummer Lemmon authored the legislation to make the golden poppy (pictured) the state flower of California?
 * ... that Elizaveta Karamihailova pioneered nuclear research in Bulgaria and made some of the earliest observations of neutron radiation?
 * ... that anthropologist Gene Weltfish lost her Columbia University faculty job and could not find another when U.S. Senators investigated her for alleged un-American activities?
 * ... that anthropologist Alice G. Dewey was dissertation advisor for Barack Obama's mother Ann Dunham at the University of Hawaiʻi?
 * ... that pioneering immunologist Bunny Koshland helped develop an oral cholera vaccine before she worked on the Manhattan Project?
 * ... that the employment of Ruth Sawtell Wallis during the Depression was "unthinkable" because her husband was also a professor?
 * ... that swarms of Japanese soldier crabs of the species Mictyris guinotae, named after French biologist Danièle Guinot, can be used in place of the billiard balls in billiard-ball computers?
 * ... that Ada Initiative co-founder Valerie Aurora (pictured) chose Anita as her middle name, after the computer scientist Anita Borg?
 * ... that malacologist Myra Keen was called the "First Lady of Malacology"?
 * ... that Caroline Birley lifelong love of geology started with stones she collected as a child on family holidays?
 * ... that according to Russian sociologist Daria Khaltourina (pictured), Protestantism influenced positively the capitalist development of social systems through the promotion of literacy and Bible reading?
 * ... that in 2004, Arfa Karim became the youngest Microsoft Certified Professional at the age of nine years?
 * ... that Florence Violet McKenzie, Australia's first female electrical engineer, taught Morse code to thousands of sailors free of charge?
 * ... that Jane Dieulafoy (pictured) received special permission from the French government to wear men's clothing in public?
 * ... that peace activist Rachel MacNair founded the pro-life Susan B. Anthony List in 1993?
 * ... that Fay Ajzenberg-Selove had to fight a discrimination case against the University of Pennsylvania to be hired as a tenured professor of physics?
 * ... that Marimba Ani first introduced the term Maafa to describe the African holocaust?
 * ... that the American neuroscientist Jacqueline Crawley has been President of both the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society and the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society?
 * ... that Christiane Ziegler excavated the Tomb of Akhethetep (pictured) from 1991–1999?
 * ... that the first woman to write a book on childbirth was Louise Bourgeois Boursier?
 * ... that Elizabeth J. Feinler (pictured), better known as "Jake", ran the Network Information Center of the Internet until 1989?
 * ... that Dutch child psychologist Bloeme Evers-Emden was deported to Auschwitz on the same train as Anne Frank?
 * ... that Ann Preston was the first female dean of any medical school?
 * ... that Mary Frances Winston Newson was the first American woman to be awarded a PhD in mathematics from a European university?
 * ... that the prehistoric archaeologist Johanna Mestorf was the first female museum director in Germany, and at 71 became the first or second female professor?
 * ... that the New Zealand mushrooms Amanita australis, A. nothofagi, Entoloma haastii, Mycena cystidiosa, M. minirubra, and Oudemansiella australis were all described by Greta Stevenson as new to science?
 * ... that Ellen Hayes was not only a rare 19th-century female mathematics professor but was also the first woman to run for statewide office in Massachusetts?
 * ... that Graciela Chichilnisky, who proposed the Kyoto Protocol's market for carbon credit trading, obtained her PhDs in mathematics and economics without ever having been an undergraduate?
 * ... that after her Baby Tooth Survey showed kids took in strontium-90 from nuclear fallout, Dr. Louise Reiss son picked up the phone and heard the caller say "This is John Kennedy, can I talk to your mom?"
 * ... that for the 80th birthday of King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV of Tonga, Adrienne Kaeppler, curator of Oceanic Ethnology at the Smithsonian Institution, set up a special exhibition at the Tongan National Museum?
 * ... that Yin Yin Nwe, a Burmese geologist, was appointed UNICEF Representative to China on December 1, 2006?
 * ... that Mary J. Rathbun described over 1000 new crustacean taxa, but never attended college, and received a Ph.D. only after she retired?
 * ... that Annie Meinertzhagen spent part of her honeymoon studying birds at Walter Rothschild’s ornithological museum?
 * ... that the detection of supernova SN 2008D on January 9, 2008, by Alicia M. Soderberg using data from NASA's Swift X-ray space telescope marked the first time a supernova was observed as it occurred?
 * ... that Chilean Eloísa Díaz was the first female doctor in South America?
 * ... that anthropologist Ursula Graham Bower fought for the British Army as a guerrilla with the Naga people during World War II?
 * ... that Emil Spjøtvoll was the first rector of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, whose creation he originally opposed?
 * ... that Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prizewinner Antje Boetius believes life forms she discovered may be able to help control future climate change through anaerobic digestion of methane?
 * ... that 2004 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prizewinner for neurobiology, Hannah Monyer, can speak several languages and play the piano?
 * ... that the wife and husband Alette and Kristian Schreiner conducted medical research together, although Alette did not hold an academic position?
 * ... that more than twenty attendants of the Cécile DeWitt-Morette's summer school in the Alps were later awarded the Nobel Prize?
 * ... that despite having a Ph.D. and being a foremost North American authority on the difficult mushroom genera Lactarius and Russula, Gertrude S. Burlingham only ever taught high school biology?
 * ... that sex therapy pioneer Helen Singer Kaplan advocated for people to enjoy sexual intercourse as much as possible as opposed to seeing it as something dirty or harmful?
 * ... that Janet Vida Watson`s first job involved researching the growth of chickens, but that she went on to become the first woman  president of the Geological  Society of London?
 * ... that Canadian astrophysicist Victoria Kaspi was one of the first to observe the cosmic recycling of pulsars?
 * ... that 13-year-old Emer Jones`s "Research and Development of Emergency Sandbag Shelters" helped her win the 2008 Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition, the youngest ever and her school's debut?
 * ... that in 1974, Rudolf Jaenisch and Beatrice Mintz created the first transgenic mouse by injecting DNA from Simian virus 40?
 * ... that Stanford University biochemist Annette Salmeen was both an Olympic gold medalist and a Rhodes Scholar?
 * ... that Dr. Ruth L. Kirschstein, appointed as the director of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences in 1974, was the first woman to direct an institute at the National Institutes of Health?
 * ... that psychiatrist Marie Nyswander, who developed the methadone treatment for heroin addicts, was herself addicted to cigarettes?
 * ... that stand-up comedian and actress Retta said her role on Parks and Recreation is stressful because she was initially unsure the show would last due to poor reviews?
 * ... that Nancy Wexler, who discovered the location of the gene that causes Huntington's disease and created a genetic test for it, is herself at risk as the daughter of a sufferer?
 * ... that physical chemists Isabella Karle and her Nobel Prize-winning husband Jerome Karle retired in July 2009 after a combined 127 years of employment at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory?
 * ... that Romania's ruling Social Democratic–Democratic Liberal coalition was divided over Education Minister Ecaterina Andronescu's intervention in the appointment of school directors?
 * ... that Angelika Amon discovered two gene regulatory networks that regulate the exit of cells from mitosis to the G1 phase?
 * ... that Marcia McNutt, nominee for director of the United States Geological Survey, studied underwater demolition and explosives handling with the U.S. Navy UDT and Seal Team?
 * ... that theoretical biologist Mary Jane West-Eberhard says that she learnt more about science at high school from her English course on critical reading and writing than from her biology class?
 * ... that paleontologist Gerta Keller theorizes that dinosaurs did not become extinct until 300,000 years after the Chicxulub meteor, though she agrees that "I'm sure the day after, they had a headache"?
 * ... that Anna Goldfeder, a pioneering researcher in the fields of radiology and cancer treatment, worked as a research scientist in an abandoned building for two years before she secured enough grant money to move her laboratory?
 * ... that as a student, mathematician Audrey Terras was steered into math away from her other choice, history, by a post-Sputnik program that paid students to study mathematics?
 * ... that before being dismissed for flawed casework analysis, forensic chemist Joyce Gilchrist contributed evidence for 23 trials that resulted in death sentences?
 * ... that Ida Henrietta Hyde was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. at the University of Heidelberg?
 * ... that Elizabeth Lee Hazen developed the world's first useful antifungal antibiotic, nystatin?
 * ... that in 1980, planktologist Grethe Rytter Hasle was the only female representative of natural sciences in the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters?
 * ... that British anthropologist Kathleen Gough and her husband were believed to be on the FBI's watchlist due to their alleged Marxist leanings?
 * ... that Jane Sterk joined the Green Party of British Columbia after witnessing environmental degradation in Mexico and became its leader six years later?
 * ... that Eslanda Goode Robeson, wife of Paul Robeson, was the first black to head the Surgical Pathology Department at New York-Presbyterian Hospital?
 * ... that Lorene Rogers was described as the first woman to serve as head of a public university in the United States when she became president of the University of Texas at Austin in 1974?
 * ... that Marcia P. Sward, who created the children's environmental education program GreenKids, started her career as a mathematician?
 * ... that British plant physiologist Daphne Osborne showed that the gas ethylene is a natural plant hormone which regulates ageing and the shedding of leaves and fruits?
 * ... that Lisa Rossbacher, president of Southern Polytechnic State University, is the first female geologist to become a university president?
 * ... that linguist Carol Chomsky developed the technique of repeated reading, in which children gain fluency by reading along with a recording of a text until they can do so on their own?
 * ... that Łucja Frey (pictured) is considered to be one of the first female academic neurologists in Europe?
 * ... that Harriet Holter, an economist by education, has been described as a pioneer of women's studies in the Nordic countries?
 * ... that mathematician Karen Vogtmann co-authored a paper which produced a method for quantifying the difference and computing the distance between two phylogenetic trees?
 * ... that during the German occupation of Norway, Astrid Løken combined entomological field research with secret photography for the resistance group XU?
 * ... that Julia Morton was the "poison plant center in south Florida"?
 * ... that American Australian astronomer Penny Sackett has been appointed as the next Chief Scientist of Australia and will commence her duties in November 2008?
 * ... that chemosynthesis, the process enabling deep sea invertebrates to survive without sunlight, was discovered by Colleen Cavanaugh?
 * ... that Lydia Becker, founder of the Women's Suffrage Journal, was also an amateur botanist and friend of Charles Darwin?
 * ... that Australian naturalist and botanical artist Rica Erickson wrote her first book Orchids of the West in 1951?
 * ... that Dr. Maressa Orzack at Harvard Medical School stated that 40 percent of World of Warcraft players were addicted?
 * ... that Jane S. Richardson developed the ubiquitous ribbon diagram method of representing proteins?
 * ... that Yolngu aboriginal leader Raymattja Marika was Northern Territory's Australian of the Year in 2006?
 * ... that Safi Faye is a Senegalese film director whose work is better known in Europe than in her native Africa?
 * ... that by using the Bevatron and nuclear emulsion technique, Sulamith Goldhaber was the first person to observe nuclear interactions of the antiproton?
 * ... that Emmy Noether (pictured) was called "the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began" by Albert Einstein?
 * ... that the American mathematician Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler married a former professor, who was actually a Russian double agent named Sergei Degaev?
 * ... that the utility of heavy water as a moderator in a nuclear reactor was demonstrated by Klara Döpel and her husband Robert in the 1940s?
 * ... that Georgia Tech professor Rebecca Grinter supervised a 2005 study which found that iTunes users in the workplace experience "playlist anxiety"?
 * ... that Bess Thomas, a former Australian librarian, became the first female to be given the position of "Chief Librarian" in New South Wales?
 * ... that New York City-born mathematician Judith Roitman serves as the guiding teacher of the Kansas Zen Center?
 * ... that Helen Abbott Michael, originally trained as a pianist, became a plant chemist and earned her MD after a chance purchase of Helmholtz's Treatise on Physiological Optics on a trip to Europe?
 * ... that National Scientist Dr. Fe del Mundo was the first Filipina enrolled in Harvard Medical School and the only female student at that time?
 * ... that Ann C. Noble, inventor of the "Aroma Wheel", was the first woman hired as a faculty member of the UC Davis Department of Viticulture and Enology?
 * ... that Marsha Looper, a Republican state legislator elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 2006 by a 2-to-1 margin, is also a systems engineer, real estate broker, and rancher?
 * ... that Yoky Matsuoka, a neuroscience and robotics researcher, was once the 21st ranked tennis player in Japan?
 * ... that herpetologist Doris M. Cochran, the Smithsonian Institution's first female curator, died four days after her retirement?
 * ... that in 1902, 23-year-old British archaeozoologist Dorothea Bate discovered a new species of dwarf elephant in a cave on the island of Cyprus?
 * ... that Mdm2, whose role in regulating p53 was discovered by British scientist Karen Vousden, is a potential target for anti-cancer drugs?
 * ... that Amri Hernandez-Pellerano, a Puerto Rican electronics engineer and scientist, designed the power systems electronics for the NASA WMAP mission?
 * ... that Mercedes Reaves, a Puerto Rican research engineer and scientist, is responsible for the design of a viable, full-scale solar sail at the NASA Langley Research Center?
 * ... that Boston Legal actress Meredith Eaton-Gilden (pictured) is also a practicing clinical psychologist?
 * ... that Olga D. González-Sanabria, a Puerto Rican scientist and inventor, is the highest ranking Hispanic at NASA Glenn Research Center?
 * ... that National Medal of Science recipient Evelyn M. Witkin's interest in mutagenesis led her to discover mechanisms of bacterial DNA repair?
 * ... that American systems theorist Debora Hammond explores new ways of thinking about complex systems that support more participatory forms of social organization?
 * ... that Cecilia Krieger, who translated the work of Sierpinski into English, was the first woman to receive a Ph.D in mathematics in Canada?
 * ... that debt-relief activist Ann Pettifor staged a 70,000 person protest which formed a human chain and encircled the 1998 G8 summit?
 * ... that plant collector Mary Strong Clemens sometimes paid for field-trip accommodation with scripture lessons and hymn-singing?
 * ... that Kadambini Ganguly (pictured) was one of the first female graduates in the British Empire and the first female conventional doctor in South Asia?
 * ... that cognitive psychologist Elizabeth Spelke showed that human beings are born with many innate skills?
 * ... that Claudia Alexander was the last project manager of NASA's Galileo mission to Jupiter?
 * ... that Mount Burbidge in Namadgi National Park was named for Australian botanist Nancy Tyson Burbidge, who was instrumental in lobbying for the foundation of the park?
 * ... that economist Barbara Ward, an early advocate of sustainable development, was the first woman ever to address a synod of Roman Catholic bishops?
 * ... that Jane Colden was the first female botanist to describe flora in the United States?
 * ... that German naturalist Amalie Dietrich, who spent 10 years working in Australia, was the first person to collect the highly venomous snakes known as taipans?
 * ... that Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw is India's richest woman?
 * ... that Terri Irwin, co-owner of the Australia Zoo and co-star of The Crocodile Hunter series on television, began caring for injured wildlife as a child and ran her own rehab facility for 5 years before she met Steve Irwin?
 * ... that the word ecology was coined by Ellen Swallow Richards, the first woman admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology?