Wikipedia:Wikimedia Strategy 2017/Cycle 3

 Welcome to the strategy conversation.

Discuss the challenges posed by the research from New Voices

In the past three months, we have all expressed opinions on what we want to build or achieve together as a movement. Simultaneously, research has been underway to give us a better understanding of the current knowledge landscape and the challenges and opportunities that we face as a movement. This global research effort includes:


 * Conversations with more than 150 experts and partners from technology, knowledge, education, media, entrepreneurs, and other sectors, hosted by the Foundation and affiliates
 * Research among potential readers and experts in places where Wikimedia projects are not well known or used: Brazil, India, Indonesia, Mexico, and Nigeria
 * Research by age group in places where Wikimedia projects are well known and used: France, Germany, Japan, Russia, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States

This cycle is dedicated to considering the challenges identified by the research and exploring how we may want to evolve or respond to changes in the world around us. As a way to become more familiar with the challenges, you are invited to review the documents and sources, and think about how we might address them. Each week, a new challenge and insights will be posted, so that you can share how it connects to or changes your perspective on our future direction.

During July, the cycle 2 synthesis report will be finalized. All these materials and your continuing feedback during cycle 3 will be used by the drafting group to prepare the draft strategic direction, which will be available for your review in August.

Go to the LEARN page on Meta-Wiki for the complete list of research.

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 * 1=Cycle 3 challenges
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Key insight 1
'''As the world population undergoes major shifts, the Wikimedia movement has an opportunity to help improve the knowledge available in more places and to more people. The continent of Africa is expected to have a 40% increase in population, along with improved internet access and literacy rates in the next 15 years. Spanish is expected to become the second most common language within 35 years. As new cultures and geographies become more dominant, the Wikimedia projects as they currently exist may be less relevant for the majority of the world’s population. '''

The insight above is based on the movement strategy research paper, Considering 2030: Demographic Shifts – How might Wikimedia extend its reach by 2030?

Key highlights from the report

 * Global population is shifting: By 2030, the global population projections are expected to reach 8.4 billion people (15% increase). While populations in Europe are expected to plateau, and the Americas will only have moderate growth (128 million more people), Africa is forecasted to increase by 40% – a total of 470 million more people.
 * The population is aging: The median age is expected to rise from 29.6 to 33 years old. Africa will continue to be the youngest median age (moving from 19.6 years old to 21.4 years old).
 * The global workforce is changing: The workforce is expected to reduce, as the percentage of the population aged 15-64 decreases. Attributed to decreased fertility, Europe and Northern America are predicted to undergo substantial decreases in their workforce population proportions, dropping approximately 5-6%. Currently 25% of Japan’s population is over the age of 65, compared to 15% in the U.S. To combat this issue, Japan has raised its working age above 65. By 2050, 32 other countries will have 25% of their populations over 65, so they may likely follow suit.
 * Education levels are increasing: The world will become increasingly more educated with the proportion of literate people rising from 83% to 90% between 2015 and 2030. Africa will have the highest increase in literacy, rising from 62% (2015) to 80% (2030). Asia will increase its literacy rates by 7%, from 83% (2015) to 90% (2030). Europe and Northern America will retain their high literacy rates (99-100%).
 * By 2050, Spanish moves from the fourth to the second most common language: Researchers expect the most common languages in the world to be Mandarin (#1), Spanish (#2), English (#3), Hindi (#4), and Arabic (#5). English is projected to move from the second to the third most common language by 2050.

Key insight 2
'''According to recent research, readers in seven of our most active countries have little understanding of how Wikipedia works, is structured, is funded, and how content is created. This is especially true among 13-19 year olds. The research also found that readers mainly consider utility (usefulness), readability, and ‘free knowledge for every person,’ the most important attributes of Wikipedia. They associate Wikipedia least strongly with “neutral, unbiased content” and “transparency.” This represents an opportunity to increase brand awareness and knowledge.'''

''This insight is based on the recent Brand awareness, attitudes, and usage research study. This survey was fielded in France, Germany, Japan, Russia, Spain, the UK, and the US via an online survey accessible on a PC, laptop, or device (tablet, smartphone).''

Key excerpts from the research

 * Awareness
 * Across the seven countries, close to 80% of internet users are aware of Wikipedia when shown the logo. Spain has the highest awareness (89%) and Japan has the lowest (64%).
 * When asked “when you want to find information online what three websites do you go to most often,” Google (85% on average) is the top answer followed by Wikipedia (45%), YouTube (43%), Yahoo! (19%) and Facebook (17%).
 * Overall, 20% first found out about Wikipedia on the internet and 20% through school. There are generational differences, though: 35% of 13-19 year old internet users say they first heard about it in school, while 73% of 36-49 year old internet users say online.


 * Attitudes
 * Across all seven countries, internet users that are aware of Wikipedia associate it most strongly with “free knowledge for every person” (8.5 out of 10) and “useful” (8.3 out of 10). They associate Wikipedia least strongly with “neutral, unbiased content” (7.0) and “transparency” (6.9). There are strong generational differences, with 13-19 year olds giving Wikipedia lower association scores on most attributes.
 * When asked what is most important to those internet users that are aware of Wikipedia, the highest attributes are “useful,” “free knowledge for every person” and “easy to read.” What’s least important is “transparency” and “free of advertising.”
 * Across generations there is also broad agreement that “more trustworthy content” (57%), “higher quality content” (51%), “more neutral content” (44%), and “more visual content” (41%) would enhance their personal experience “a lot.”


 * Usage
 * Proportionately, Wikipedia finds its strongest audience in Spain where 91% of internet users 13-49 are aware of it and 89% read it. This compares to the average of internet users across all countries, 84.1% are aware of it and 81.1% read it.
 * By country, 75% of Wikipedia readers in Russia and 73% in Spain read Wikipedia weekly or more. Twenty-four percent of Russian and Spanish readers read daily. The lowest weekly readership is found in Japan and the UK (60% of readers each).
 * Overall, about half of Wikipedia readers access the site “often” from a desktop or laptop, or a smartphone. Readers ages 13-35 are much more likely to say they access Wikipedia often from a smartphone, and readers 13-19 years old are the most likely to say they often access Wikipedia through a service such as Siri or Alexa (21% of 13-19 year olds vs. 10% of 36-49 year olds).

For more information, please read the complete preliminary executive summary.

Key insight
Trends indicate that changes are coming for all regions – both those emerging and those saturated with mobile internet.


 * For the areas just coming online, developing local, mobile content is a strong opportunity.
 * Globally, products will continue to evolve from “simple” websites with different device experiences (desktop, mobile) to even more sophisticated integrated platforms, incorporating technologies such as artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and virtual reality.

These trends will change how people create and use knowledge.

The insight above is based on the movement strategy research paper, Considering 2030: Future technology trends that will impact the Wikimedia movement.

The research on emerging platforms predicts that platform and device innovation (mobile and newer technologies) will affect how people connect, learn, and stay current. This spans from development of local content in both emerging and developed regions of the world to how the technology itself will reshape people’s interactions, making knowledge even more integrated into daily life. It may also impact who or what is developing the content, with predictions that more artificial intelligence (AI) and commercial ventures will develop more multimedia content suitable to virtual and augmented reality devices.

Near-term - mobile access
“The internet is mobile, and mobile is the internet,” notes the Global Mobile Trends report from GSMA Intelligence. “For an entire generation, the internet is now inextricably linked with mobile and vice versa.” The researchers note that access to the web via mobile continues to remain low–under 40 percent–in much of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Of the world’s 7.3 billion people, only 3.4 billion use the mobile internet, GSMA Intelligence estimates. One of the barriers to mobile internet adoption is the lack of locally relevant content. For the Wikimedia movement, the researchers suggest there is an opportunity to help engage local content contributors. The researchers also suggest Wikimedia has an opportunity to develop easier mobile solutions and potentially form new partnerships that can help extend our reach in countries coming online.

Emerging platforms and types
According to two reports on technology innovation and usage by Mary Meeker and Amy Webb, there are four content types and platforms that are likely to mature between now and 2030:


 * 1) Advances in artificial intelligence and voice-driven applications will give rise to real-time, personalized education and information services that will become a part of people’s daily lives. This will move people away from text-based to more voice-activated and voice-response systems. Innovations may change the way that knowledge is gathered, assembled, and synthesized. In the future, Wikimedians may rely more on artificial intelligence and automated systems, which could change how they do their work and what they do (for some this may mean verifying and fact-checking instead of contributing new content).
 * 2) Virtual reality has the potential to radically change how people interact with knowledge. In these immersive life-like experiences, knowledge based on text will be difficult to integrate. However, open source immersive content may be an opportunity for current or future sister projects, and structured data might be ideal for these purposes.
 * 3) Augmented reality and other wearable devices add a layer of content on top of the user’s view of the world. This trend could give users immediate, relevant access to Wikimedia content and potentially revolutionize education, training, and many other industries.
 * 4) Older offline modes of communication may still exist and grow, as there are concerns about privacy online and a desire to not always be connected.

Potential negative consequences
In closing, the researchers share potential negative consequences:
 * When artificial intelligence generates content, it may create new content based on sources that had human bias, thereby perpetuating the bias
 * As people search and receive more content according to their own preferences, they will start to lose access to other, potentially differing content
 * Overload of information that is available every moment may lead to less ability to critically process new information
 * The digital divide – the gap between those who have online information and those who do not – will widen even further in all societies
 * New devices for virtual reality, augmented reality, and personal assistants may increase the creation of paid and proprietary content and platforms. If this happens, users may return to the role of passive consumers instead of content creators, leading to less neutral, free knowledge.
 * Archivists, educators and historians may find it more and more difficult to maintain and access these many different types of knowledge and content.

Key insight
Trends in misinformation are increasing and may challenge the ability for Wikimedians to find trustworthy sources of knowledge.

In their paper Considering 2030: Future technology trends that will impact the Wikimedia movement, the researchers have categorized the trends about misinformation into two categories: sources of content, and how content is accessed. For each, they looked at three global sources of influence: technology, government and politics, and commerce.

In particular, the researchers have identified the following trends and how they impact our future:
 * Technology will change how content is developed by external sources, as artificial intelligence is used to speed up knowledge creation and analysis. While this may make it easier to find citations and make quality edits, it may also create more biased sources or misleading content. This could become an even bigger issue as artificial intelligence begins to use misinformation as “fact” when it brings data together and creates more content. This may challenge Wikimedians’ ability to verify sources and maintain high-quality content.
 * Technology is likely to shift to more personalized interfaces (mobile devices, wearable devices, voice-based virtual assistants) and access to Wikimedia content will be increasingly more difficult with the current platform.
 * Global freedom of expression is being aggressively challenged.     Some companies, governments, and politicians purposefully spread false or misleading information to persuade and influence for their gain. This goes beyond just text, as technology makes it easier to manipulate other media (audio, video, images). This weakens the overall knowledge network and may make it more difficult for Wikimedia to remain neutral and cite unbiased documents.
 * Tendencies to censor Wikimedia content are decreasing, but some governments (such as China or Turkey) are continuing to censor widely. The deployment of “HTTPS” technology has made it more difficult to block individual pages. This has helped in the short-term, but new anti-censorship tools and methods will need to continue to be developed.
 * Social media companies such as Twitter and Facebook have grown and become channels to spread misinformation through personal networks, while at the same time trust in traditional modern institutions has declined. Innovation will be necessary to ensure that misinformation is fact-checked so that neutral, accurate information is distributed.
 * As commercial companies continue to develop closed apps, products, and platforms, Wikimedia content may become less attributable and less accessible. (Note that this topic will be further developed in future research.)

The research on misinformation suggests potential solutions to these issues. As you reflect on the research, please discuss how you think we as a movement can help the world's quest for trustworthy, free, and neutral knowledge.

Key insights
Much of the world's knowledge is yet to be documented on our sites and it requires new ways to integrate and verify sources.

Our current definition of “reliable sources” is based on practices rooted in Western culture, where knowledge and history have been documented in written form for centuries. This bias – in favor of sources readily available in only parts of the world – is at odds with a vision that encompasses “the sum of all knowledge”.

For example, it is very difficult to find reliable secondary sources about many African cultures, either because that knowledge has traditionally been shared orally, or because written documents were created from the perspective of colonialist biases. Some organizations focus on documenting such oral knowledge in different forms and their work could be used as sources on our sites if we found a way to integrate them easily.

As Wikimedians, we’ve become experts at identifying reliable sources coming from the confines of traditional channels, such as peer review academia and mainstream press. The strategy challenge from last week mentioned that readers are moving away from placing their trust in such “reputable” organizations a priori, and instead are using more sources from individuals they trust. This trend could be an opportunity for Wikimedians to imagine sourcing methods that are less culturally restrictive and also better serve the evolving expectations of readers.


 * Read the transcript or watch the video with Uzo Iweala, Nigerian author and movement strategy advisor, interviewed by Zack McCune, 14 June 2017
 * Read the transcript or watch the video with Adam Hochschild, Co-Founder, Mother Jones, interviewed by Katherine Maher, 16 June 2017

The discovery and sharing of trusted information have historically continued to evolve.
 * Please read and discuss the 7th July blog post, How the discovery and sharing of trusted information have evolved, as the second insight.

Key insights
The Western encyclopedia model is not serving the evolving needs of all people who want to learn.

According to the ethnographic research and expert interviews we conducted, existing and future readers want a platform for learning that goes beyond Wikipedia’s current encyclopedic format and its western-centric norms. Experts shared that the formal education system is not working well in many places, especially - but not only - in emerging countries. People are seeking new ways to learn to offset the resource or infrastructure challenges they face. Wikipedia and its sister projects are currently designed to be web destinations for browsing rich knowledge, but many readers are more interested in getting answers to specific questions. Many who seek knowledge online are looking for short, standalone, and/or visual ways of engaging with content and acquiring new skills. Wikipedia's current model of the long-form, in-depth, text-heavy encyclopedia article may not meet these changing needs. It also does not yet provide a space for other forms of educational knowledge.

Knowledge sharing has become highly social across the globe.

Both the ethnographic research and results from the awareness and usage study are showing that young people, enabled by smartphones, seek and share information in new ways. This is the newest group of people to reach. They are deeply involved in their use of social media and messenger tools, and they prefer to share and discuss information through platforms they already use. Experts assert that new trends are emerging. For example, many young people see querying their friends and networks for information via messaging apps as equivalent to discussing in person, just faster and through a broader group. Distrust and skepticism are becoming so widespread that “reliable sources” are often dismissed: young people increasingly place trust in individuals in their networks whose judgement and intellectual honesty they respect, rather than in traditional “respectable” institutions. These changes may threaten Wikipedia’s relevance to a large audience which we have traditionally served.

Key insights as stories
Because different minds work in different ways, some people may prefer to think of these challenges in terms of these personal stories (note these are fictional characters based on the research findings).