Wikipedia:Year of Science/Medicine

Biographies to create or improve
• Alice O. McCord - Patented an Automatic stem pessary

• Anna L. Palmer - Patented Improvement in combined aspirators, concealed uterine cauterizers and vaginal syringes

• Chambers Harris - Took part in the research leading to the modern birth control pill. She took a PhD in chemistry. Left the research institute because she was disgusted by how the hormones were effecting the lab rats.

• Donna Hudson - designing and implementing a system called EMERGE.

• Eliza Kirwin - Patented something identified in LWP only as a Pessary, but whose illustration in the Patent Gazette reveals its contraceptive potential

• Elizabeth Holcombe - Patented a Vaginal irrigator and urinal. Presumably this was a bidet-like device for postcoital douches or baths.

• Emeline T. Bringham - Patented an Improved pessary

• Evelyn (Lyn) Billings - Originated and popularized the Billings Ovulation Method with husband. Physician, author and lecturer.

• Laura M. Adams - Patented a vaginal Syringe (1881)

• Louise Nelson - Patented a pessary

• Lucy R. Meyer - Patented a Syringe and syringe box

• Mary Ann Leeper - Chemist, headed the team developing the female condom for the American market ("New Alternative")

• Selmaree Oster - Developed the Body Aware system of natural birth control (with her husband), with simple saliva and urine tests to detect ovulation. Also teaches woman to recognize their own bodily signs of approaching and occurring ovulation.

• Frances Carter - Patented "bandage"

• Maria P. Dibble - Patented "bandage"

• Aniela Majewski - Patented a Sanitary pad holder. This was not a belt or fastening system, but a casing (analogous to the gauze casing of commercial pads) with an opening allowing the pad of one's choice to be inserted, and a means for keeping the pad from slipping.

• Anna Brand - Patented Catamenial sack or napkin-holder

• Anna M. Landy - Patented an improved "receptacle" or pad with Neola Seidler

• Barbara Waldron - RN, Professional Services Director at Tassette, collaborated with John W. Waldron of Plastic Applications, Inc., to create a disposable version of the cub, with they named Tassaway. She holds the 1st patent and an improvement patent.

• Beatrice Kenner - Patented an improved elastic belt with adhesive pad-attachments

• Billie J. Matthews - Most prolific of the Kimberly-Clark inventors. Received 5 patents, 4 of them for sanitary napkins. Patented tampon containing fusible *portions.

• Dawn M. Huffman - Patented outer tampon tube with recessed finger grip

• Doris Moehrle - Patented a specially shaped menstrual sponge handed down from the mother to daughter in her family, a kind of cup/tampon; this "Nature's Answer" tampon, also had a ribbon attached to facilitate removal

• Marcia Storch - Found that reducing salt intake helps limit water retention and prevent the resulting headaches. Author of How to Relieve Cramps and Other Menstrual Programs.

• Penny Wise Budoff - A family practitioner and medical school professor (SUNY), pioneered the use of prostaglandins for menstrual disorders, and developed a dietary regimen to combat premenstrual tension. She experimented first on herself; this time-honored strategy of medical investigators would not be available to a male physician.

• Eleanor J. Fendler - Patented an Absorbent pad including a microfibrous web, 1983

• Elfreda J. Corbin - In the years just before the new Kotex pad, she patented Napkin

• Elizabeth Higgins - Patented "dress-protector"

• Emma H. Carpenter - Patented a Catamenial sack or bandage in 1892, unaccountably omitted by LWP

• Ida M. Argo - Patented Catemenial bandage

• Jennie L. Bornstein - In the years just before the new Kotex pad, she patented Saintary support

• June Haughton - Expert rifle shot and traveler. Invented a practical motoring veil and "several small sanitary devices".

• Lin-Sun Woon - Patented folded Tampon pledget

• Louise Epple - Patented a Galvanic abdominal truss. She also exhibited supporters, trusses, and bandages at the Chicago Expoisition, without taking out any other patents

• Mary G. Porter - Patented "Ladies' safety belt"

• Neola Seidler - Patented an improved "receptacle" or pad with Anna M. Landy

• Pamela F. Baum - Patented a Sanitary napkin with disposal means. The improved "baffle" for enclosing the used napkin is attached so as not to interfere with adherence to the wearer's undergarment, and so that the user need not touch the napkin surface in order to wrap it for disposal.

• Patricia J. McKelvey - Patented wrapper structure for tampons containing super-absorbent material

• Tamara Dejneka - 3 patents in prostaglandin research. They involved a Method for inhibiting prostaglandin dehydrogenase.

• Virginia A. Corrigan - Patented a coating to aid tampon insertion and tampons coated therewith

• Virginia A. Olson - Received 3 patents: Tampon applicator, a Catamenial tampon and wrapper, an absorbent tampon (this one is used in the Kotex stick tampon)

• Dittrichin Siegmundin - German obstetrician. Possible re-inventor or improver of nooses and blunt hooks for turning or extracting the infant in difficult births. She certainly pioneered the technique of puncturing the amniotic sac to stop hemorrhaging. Became royal midwife of Prussia. In 1689 she published her 1st textbook for midwives. Her book was reprinted 6 times.

• Hilda H. Kroeger - Helped design "an efficient labor and delivery-room suite" in the Elizabeth Steel Magee Hospital. She was named one of the "Medical Women of the Year" in 1955.

• Roberta A. Ballard - Contributed to the treatment of respiratory distress caused by the immature lung development in premature babies, and her creation of the 1st in-hospital alternative birth center.

• Eliza L. Moore - Patented the Accouchement (lying-in) couch

• Marie-Anne Victorine Bolvin - Of Paris + Versailles (see foreign Wiki links). Has been called the 1st really great woman doctor of modern times, an insightful investigator and a wise diagnostician. She invented a new pelvimeter and a vaginal speculum. She was one of the first to use a stethoscope to listen to the fetal heart. Received an honorary MD degree from the University of Marburg.

• Mme Rondet - Invented and perfected a resuscitation tube for infants born "in a state of asphyxia". Although the earlier tube invented by Chaussier was too inconvenient to use, the Royal Academy still credited him with the invention!!!

• Annie Besant - Suggested a sponge soaked in quinine solution and inserted into the vagina before intercourse as perhaps the best contraceptive device then available

• Blanche Ames Ames - Co-founded the Birth Control League of Massachusetts. Researched maternal health statistics, initiated a parents' petition to the Massachusetts Medical Society, and publicly debated Catholic leaders

• Aletta Jacobs - Helped to develop the vulcanized rubber diaphragm usually credited solely to (and often named after), W.P.J. Mensinga. This device has been called the greatest advance in birth control since the condom and justly so, since it has the double advantage of being approved by doctors and, once prescribed, of being under woman's control. She opened a clinic for poor women in Amsterdam.

• Marie Stopes - Taught the use of olive oil, sometimes as sole preventive, and in 1931 cited a series of 2,000 cases with no failures.

• Hannah Stone - Pioneered in combining the diaphragm with spermicidal jellies

• Katharine Dexter McCormick - Graduated from MIT with degree in biology, smuggled diaphragms into US for Sanger's Clinical Research Bureau, sponsored endocrine research for years, supported contraceptive research projects for over 2 decades, deserves share of the credit for the invention of the 1st birth control pill

• Margaret Hart - Patented a Syringe (1885)

• Margaret Sanger - Very well documented, several biographies are available, appeared on the first-day covers of a family-planning commemorative stamp, and a TV special dramatized her life. However, it may not be generally known that she coined the term birth control, or that she and her second husband founded the first doctor-staffed birth control clinic in the US

• Marie Carmichael Stopes - Founded England's 1st birth control clinic (still open today) and campaigned to reach poor as well as middle-class women. She wrote several books (Married Love, sold 10,000 copies in 6 months). She also invented and patented several contraceptive devices and preparations ("Racial" brand cervical cap, diaphragm design and spermicides).

• Alicia Bay Laurel - Adapted cellulose sponges to absorb menstrual flow. She reduced the idea to specific and thus to an invention: she suggests cutting cellulose kitchen sponge into 4 strips

• Carol Downer - She is one of the founders of the women's self-help health movement, and a leader of the LA group.

• Katharina Dalton - British physician who recognized and treated pre-menstrual syndrome as early as 1948.

• Lorraine Rothman - She invented and patented the safer instrument now used by clinics, the Del-Em.

• Michelle Harrison - Gynecologist, advocates dietary treatments for PMS. Spokesperson for the National Women's Health Network.

• Angelique du Coudray - Prominent French medical family. Invented the anatomical mannikin used in teaching gynecology and obstetrics. This invention is usually credited to Englishman William Smellie but du Coudray invented and perfected her "femme artificielle", before Smellie's model. She visited hospitals and lectured in provinces. She trained 4,000 pupils. She received a government pension in old age.

• Mary Edwards Walker - Served as a doctor at a hydropathic establishment. Had several nonmedical inventions to her credit as well as innovations in the treatment of tuberculosis.

• Louyse Bourgeois - Prominent French obstetrician and surgeon. Studied midwifery and became known for that skill. Midwife for the Queen. Her books on childbirth were so revered that the noted scientist Laplace attached an essay to one of them. She was the first to number and systematize the various birth positions, with methods of turning the infant for easier delivery. Introduced new methods of delivery. Invented delicate obstetrical instruments.

• Marie Lachapelle - She attended at a difficult labor when she was 15, saving the mother and baby by turning the baby. She became head of the Maternity Department at the Hotel Dieu, later studying in Heidelberg and organizing a maternity and children's department. Credited with several worthwhile innovations in patient care and midwives' training, regrettably not specified.

• Octavia - Serious physician who not only studied medicine formally and practiced it in her home, but encouraged good physicians in their work and invented many useful remedies. Her book of prescriptions contained "a wonderful salve to soothe the pains of childbirth".

• Trotula - Apparently wrote several books, the most important of which was Passionibus mulierum curandorum ("Diseases of woman") but the originals were lost. She had a large medical practice. She joined the faculty at Salerno's University. She worked with her husband and sons on a medical encyclopedia. She devised a much-admired operation for complete rupture of the perineum, a surgical repair for disastrous births.

• Lucy Hughes Brown (1863–1911) - first African American woman physician in South Carolina

• Mary Louise Brown (b. 1888) - physician and teacher

• Sara Winifred Brown (1906–1992) - physician and founder of the College Alumnae Club

• Carrie E. Bullock (d. 1961) - Chicago nurse

• Khawla Al Khuraya/Khawla Al-Kuraya - Saudi cancer specialist

• Sybil Katherine Gotto - early eugenicist

• Donna R. Maglott - genetics

• Nagwa Meguid - Egyptian geneticist

• Ramanathan Sowdhamini - Indian geneticist

• Suzanne Ildstad/Suzanne T. Ildstad (b. 1952) - US immunologist

• Teruko Ishizaka - immunologist who shared the 1973 Gairdner Foundation International Award. de:Ishizaka Teruko

• Mary Bartlett Bunge - neuroscience

• Bernice Grafstein - neuroregeneration researcher

• Lily Jan/Lily Y. Jan - neuroscience

• Józefa Joteyko, Polish educator, neurologist, and psychologist

• JacSue Kehoe - neuroscience

• Lynn T. Landmesser - neuroscience

• Jennifer S. Lund - neuroscience

• Edith Graef McGeer - neuroscience

• Julia Levy (b. 1934) - Canadian medical researcher

• Lenora Moragne (b. 1931) - US nutritionist

• Constance Tom Noguchi (b. 1948) - American medical researcher

• Grace Eldering, bacteriologist

• Susanna Gage (alt. Susanna Phelps Gage, Susanna S. Phelps Gage), embryologist

• Ruth Gordon (bacteriologist) (dab. from Ruth Gordon, alt. Ruth E. Gordon)

• Bernice Grafstein, neuroregeneration researcher

• JacSue Kehoe, neuroscientist

• Lynn T. Landmesser, neuroscientist

• Liliana Lubińska (1904-1990), neuroscientist

• Jennifer S. Lund, neuroscientist

• Edith Graef McGeer, neuroscientist

• Anna Mitus & Ann Holloway- research developing measles vaccination with Enders. See Science Heroes

• Beth Stevens, neuroscientist

• Moira Whyte FMedSci, Professor of Respiratory Medicine and Head of Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield

• Katherine Foot (c.1852–1944) - American cytologist

• Elizabeth M. Ramsey (1906–1993) - American embryologist

• Alma Howard (1903-1984) - British geneticist

• Dianne Croteau - inventor of Actar 911, the CPR mannequin

• Betty Rozier and Lisa Vallino - mother and daughter co-inventors of an intravenous catheter shield

• Ann Tsukamoto - co-patentee of process to isolate human stem cells

Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
• Janet Marjorie Allen - Cell and Molecular Biology

• Jean Duthie Beggs - cell and molecular biology

• Jill Janette Freda Belch - clinical sciences

• Jeanne Elisabeth Bell - clinical sciences

• Susan Margaret Black - biomedical and cognitive sciences

• Nuala Ann Booth - biomedical and cognitive sciences

• Mary Bownes - cell and molecular biology

• Susanne Moira Brown - cell and molecular biology

• Verity Joy Brown - biomedical and cognitive sciences

• Alisa Morag Campbell - cell and molecular biology

• Marion Kay Campbell - Biomedical and Cognitive Sciences

• Maria Saveria Campo - Cell and Molecular Biology

• Ann Chester Chandley - Cell and Molecular Biology

• Heather Ann Cubie - Clinical Sciences

• Maria Fernanda Ferreira - Biomedical and Cognitive Sciences

• Rhona Hunter Flin - Biomedical and Cognitive Sciences

• Margaret Catherine Frame - Cell and Molecular Biology

• Tessa Laurie Holyoake - Clinical Sciences

• Ruth Frances Jarrett - Clinical Sciences

• Marie Johnston - Biomedical and Cognitive Sciences

• Ellen Birgit Lane - Cell and Molecular Biology

• Irene May Leigh - Clinical Sciences

• Rona McLeod MacKie - Clinical Sciences

• Margaret Ruth MacLean - Biomedical and Cognitive Sciences

• Jean Manson - Biomedical and Cognitive Sciences

• Jill Patricia Pell - Clinical Sciences

• Helen Elizabeth Ross - Biomedical and Cognitive Sciences

• Elizabeth Mary Russell - Clinical Sciences

• Helen Sang - Cell and Molecular Biology

• Pauline Schaap - Cell and Molecular Biology

• Elspeth Bruce Smith - Clinical Sciences

• Kate Gillian Storey - Cell and Molecular Biology

• Rhian Merry Touyz - Cell and Molecular Biology

• Joanna Marguerite Wardlaw - Biomedical and Cognitive Sciences

• Jennifer Grant Wishart - Biomedical and Cognitive Sciences

• Sheila Patricia Violet Sherlock - Physician, Who's Who 2000, 1858.

• Anne Ferguson (Nee Glen, Mrs Gerald Collee) - RSE Year Book 2001, 163-4. Thanks to WikiProject Women scientists, WikiProject Feminism, User:Gobonobo, and User:Dsp13 for their work to develop this list or lists this draws from.

Categories for existing articles
• Category:Women biologists

• Women forensic scientists

• Women medical researchers

• Women neuroscientists

• Women neurologists

• Women pharmacologists

• Women molecular biologists

• Women geneticists

• Women biotechnologists

• Women anatomists

• Women physicians

• *Women physicians by nationality‎

• *Ancient women physicians

• *Women pediatricians

• Women physiologists

• Women pathologists

• *Women phytopathologists

• Category:Women virologists

• Category:Women endocrinologists

Open resources

 * PubMed Central
 * PLoS Medicine
 * BioMed Central
 * BMJ Open
 * CMAJ Open
 * SAGE Open Medicine
 * Open Medicine
 * Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health
 * Oxford Medical Case Reports