Wikipedia talk:Copyrights/Archive 14

"Blurbs"
Do we have a coherent policy for "blurbs"? I'm talking about things like the plot summaries from the backs/dust jackets of books, the standard blurbs that appear when films are released or on their DVD covers and similar things. They are widely reproduced whenever the book/film is listed anywhere but I guess are still copyrighted to the original publishers/film studios. Do we have any policy on them? Do we delete on sight? Do we allow reproduction? Do we require some kind of attribution? Exxolon (talk) 13:06, 2 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, they are under copyright, and, yes, we delete on sight. These are analogous to Press Releases, really. Many people think that because press releases are engineered for wide distribution, we can reproduce them here, but our licensing requirements permit both commercial reproduction & modification. Intent to redistribute does not address these needs. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 13:10, 2 July 2010 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict) The policy is Non-free content. We don't allow them if a "free" plot summary can be written. Theleftorium (talk) 13:13, 2 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks - I've rewritten the one in question and advised the article creator. Exxolon (talk) 16:21, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

WP:LINKVIO
Is the intent of this policy to address links to pages, not whole websites? That is, is it referring to sites only in the context of links to copyrighted material? If so, I'd like to change the phrases The case law mentioned was all about copyrighted material on pages and links to pages, not whole websites. (I think the intent is self-evident, but as written it has been interpreted by others to refer to whole sites.) --Lexein (talk) 03:46, 16 July 2010 (UTC)
 * "linking to a site" to "a link to a page on a site".
 * "directing others to a site" to "directing others to a page".
 * I think this is one of those situations where ambiguous language is intentional. There is no blanket ban on websites that contain copyright infringements - or we could never link YouTube - but there have been cases where entire sites have been blacklisted at Wikipedia due to rampant copyright concerns. This is particularly true of many lyrics hosting sites. Some of the lyrics they host may be public domain (particularly through age), but the concerns they represent have been judged sufficient to make them an unworthy risk. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 17:39, 17 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Your second sentence expresses my interpretation exactly. Because of the ambiguous language in LINKVIO, I would appreciate your (or others) weighing in at Talk:The_Pirate_Bay. Or what's the appropriate place to request that? --Lexein (talk) 14:03, 20 July 2010 (UTC)

images of book covers
Does a book cover come under copyright such that it cannot be reproduced in Wikipedia without the permission of the book's copyright owner? (Assume the book and its cover are under one copyright, which is what the single notice found in most books implies.) Or does its reproduction come under fair use on the ground that it constitutes only a small portion of the book of which the cover is part?

I'm confused by the only on-point discussion I found on Wikipedia (another discussion is on old covers, but old involves public domain). The fair-use discussion seems to rely on covers having separate copyright; perhaps they have that but I don't usually see a separate copyright note and it's possible that many covers are works made for hire so that copyright is the employer's (i.e., publisher's or author's) intellectual property.

I'm considering whether to challenge a couple of images now on Wikipedia. Possibly publishers granted permission but I can ask about that if and when I challenge the presence of the images. If copyright on the cover is separate from copyright on the body of the book then probably fair use does not apply. While copyright law may allow copying of a press release by the press (I'm not sure but let's say that's true), unless book publishers are sending book covers to Wikimedia Foundation I doubt that sort of permission would apply. Some websites reproduce a great many book covers, but the ones I know of are book sellers, including distributors and retailers. They may have permission, and the larger ones probably do, included in their contracts with publishers. So those websites' practices may be irrelevant to Wikimedia.

Does Wikimedia have a clear policy for Wikipedia?

Thank you. Nick Levinson (talk) 17:07, 17 July 2010 (UTC)


 * Wikimedia Foundation leaves the development of non-free content policies to local projects, provided they meet the licensing resolution (Wikimedia:Resolution:Licensing policy). Current non-free content guidelines on English Wikipedia specifically permits cover art (WP:NFCI) in articles about the product in which it is being used (thereby providing critical commentary on the product); it does not permit copyrighted cover art in other contexts. But this isn't so much an issue for WP:C, as there is no disputing that the images are copyrighted. You might want to raise it at WT:NFC, the page at which the English Wikipedia's approach to non-free content is discussed. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 17:35, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

Copyright of lists: question
Those of us who work copyright know that under the U.S. law that governs Wikipedia (and precedence of all other copyright investigations), lists are copyrightable to the extent that they are creative. Sometimes, determining creativity of lists is complex. There is currently a case open at WP:CP of two lists. 1976 Lady Wigram Trophy is opened on 8/8; 1976 Rhodesian Grand Prix is opened on 8/9. The copyright owner vigorously objects to our use of the content. The matter has been through OTRS (2010080810004046), where two different agents have declined to delete the material on the basis of Feist v. Rural, but he asserts that there is creativity involved. Please see Talk:1976 Lady Wigram Trophy and help clarify there the creativity of these two lists, if you can. The copyright holder has been advised via OTRS and through Wikipedia that he should write to our designated agent to request take-down if he disagrees with the OTRS outcome, but he would prefer to resolve it through community consensus. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 12:35, 13 August 2010 (UTC)
 * To clarify why I haven't taken the route of a take-down request, I don't doubt that it would work and see off these pages but there's nothing to stop other contributors targeting other pages on my site. I'd rather reach a consensus that this isn't what Wikipedia should be doing.  Even if there is a wafer-thin justification using US copyright (I maintain that there isn't), this isn't what Wikipedia is about.  If the contributor had added something, it could be said that the sum of human knowledge had moved forward but a straight copy of a web page from one place to another isn't any sort of advance.  Instead of trying to find a justification, I think Wikipedia should be frowning on this activity, deleting the page and telling the contributor to try again. Allen Brown (talk) 14:44, 14 August 2010 (UTC)

Country Life Magazine
I have recently acquired all the above magazines (104 editions) for the years 1911 and 1912. Is it OK to scan and upload some of the photographs to Wikipedia or are they still covered by copyright?  Giacomo  20:57, 26 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Good score! :D All ( Well, for our purposes ) content published before January 1, 1923 is public domain under the US copyright laws that govern Wikipedia. You can upload any of them on Wikipedia. You probably can and should upload them to Commons as well, but the tags are more complicated. It depends on whether or not an author is identified. Commons:Commons:Public domain says that if the author is unknown, the copyright expires 70 years after publication. In that case, you'd tag them Commons:Template:PD-US and Commons:Template:PD-UK-unknown, I think (note: these are Commons templates; I am not that familiar with them), though I'm not sure how much research you're supposed to put into tracking the photographer. If the photographer is identified, the situation is slightly different; copyright expires 70 years after the death of the author. They're only PD if the photographers died in 1939 or sooner. In that case, the template is Commons:Template:PD-old-70-1923. I'll verify this with a Commons admin. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 21:13, 26 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Yep, that's right. They're definitely OK to upload on Wikipedia, and probably OK to upload on Commons. If the creator of the image is not identified in the magazine itself, I'd be inclined to say you're good to count them as anonymous, but be sure to note that when you upload them to Commons. Of course, the same rules would apply to any pictures in the magazines, if there are any- there may be a few useful little gems hidden among them. J Milburn (talk) 21:21, 26 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks, there are literally millions of little photographic gems in those magazines - not just my architecture, but cricket, rugby, royalty and some pretty stern and miserable looking "girls in pearls." Thanks again.  Giacomo   08:16, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

Kits with logos
Opinions of File:Kit_body_RBNY_1011.png can this be in the PD if the logo is copyrighted ? Gnevin (talk) 23:14, 19 September 2010 (UTC)

Camp Williams map - Opinions requested
Camp Williams, a USMC and Utah National Guard training facility in Utah, has on their website a map of the camp, at http://www.ut.ngb.army.mil/campwilliams/Interactive_Map.htm. Surprisingly, it is marked "Copyright 2004 Camp W.G. Williams ( all rights reserved )". To the best of my knowledge both the USMC and the Utah National Guard are instrumentalities of the United States government and their work-product is public domain. The camp's website is clearly a US Army website. Does anyone have an idea how "Camp W.G. Williams" can copyright their map? --Bejnar (talk) 19:03, 20 September 2010 (UTC)
 * In general, they can't and most copyright notices for U.S. Government sources like that are incorrect. Anything they create during the course of their duties is PD. Some other organization could have created it, but then that "other" would hold the copyright. The only situation in which they would own the copyright is if someone else created it and then sold/gave the rights to them; but that occurs so rarely (from what I've been able to uncover) as to not be a legitimate concern in most situations. VernoWhitney (talk) 19:14, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Wikia content reuse
While improving one of the articles, I reused some content from a Wiki hosted on Wikia, and wanted to ask if these edits will suffice for attribution purposes. and   Fei noh a   Talk, My master 21:47, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

Hello
I am trying to write an article about a book by written by Longfellow which was publised in 1883, am i allowed to upload some of the illustrations from the book to use within this article? Thank you in advance for any advice Tentontunic (talk) 15:41, 21 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Were the illustrations published much later, like after 1923? or were they in the 1883 edition? The age of the text is not important to determining the copyright status of the illustrations which may have been made and published in another century. --Bejnar (talk) 03:02, 22 October 2010 (UTC)


 * Yes? You certainly can upload images of illustrations from a book published in 1883. See http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-old; use PD-US or PD-1923.  Your sentence was ungrammatical ("by written by"??), hence the "?".--Elvey (talk) 21:41, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

Does the US copyright exclusion on legal documents extend to the EU?
Okay, here's one on which I need feedback. Directive 2001/116/EC is tagged as a copyright violation of. The originating body claims copyright here. U.S. law doesn't recognize copyright in legal code: "Edicts of government, such as judicial opinions, administrative rulings, legislative enactments, public ordinances, and similar official legal documents are not copyrightable for reasons of public policy. This applies to such works whether they are Federal, State, or local as well as to those of foreign governments."(206.01, "Edicts of Government") Does this apply to legislation of the European Union? I was thinking so, but I am seriously second-guessing myself. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 20:35, 21 October 2010 (UTC)


 * Yes, I would certainly classify the EU as an governmental body.--Prosfilaes (talk) 21:20, 21 October 2010 (UTC)


 * I also agree. EU directives would be considered public domain in the US, which is good enough for Wikipedia.  I have no idea what their status would be in the EU however.  Dragons flight (talk) 21:25, 21 October 2010 (UTC)


 * Now that MRG tracked down the section, I see that Wikisource has precedent at s:Template:PD-EdictGov (see in use at the bottom of Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union). VernoWhitney (talk) 21:27, 21 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I think under the "edicts of government" provision of U.S. copyright law, it is fairly clear that EU law counts as an "edict of government", and so is PD in the U.S. I'm quite surprised that the EU publications office tries to claim copyright on this material: such a claim would surely be unenforceable in the 23 EU member states that refuse copyright for their own laws (including Belgium, where most of the EU institutions are based). Physchim62 (talk) 08:36, 22 October 2010 (UTC)


 * Thanks much. I had restored the text, but, as I said, started seriously second-guessing myself. I remain mindful that she who restores contributes. :/ We seem to have complete agreement at this point that laws of the EU would be treated as "edicts of government", so I will resolve this listing and restore the content. I really appreciate your feedback! --Moonriddengirl (talk) 10:35, 22 October 2010 (UTC)


 * Uh-oh, except there is a different opinion at the copyright problems talk page, where User:CactusWriter notes that the EU is not a "sovereign state", but an intergovernmental organization, like the African Union, OAS or UN. This was, as I indicate there, the question that had me second-guessing myself to begin with. If the EU is not treated as a "foreign government" by U.S. copyright law, then it may copyright its edicts just as any organization may copyright its bylaws. Sigh. This is the kind of thing I would ordinarily have asked User:MikeGodwin about, but given the recent announcement of his departure obviously have lost that resource. :/ --Moonriddengirl (talk) 10:43, 22 October 2010 (UTC)


 * The EU has the authority to pass laws ("regulations" in their terminology) that have immediate force in all member nations and override any contradictory local statutes. They also have an independent judicial system to enforce their laws and resolve disputes.  As far as I know, neither the UN nor any of the others you mention have similar independent authority to enforce their resolutions.  Personally, I see no problem with concluding the EU is a system of government (and not just an intergovernmental organization).  Since the intent of the edicts clause is to make public the rules under which people are to be governed, I would say it does apply to the regulations and directives of the EU.  Dragons flight (talk) 11:11, 22 October 2010 (UTC)


 * Sorry if I made this more complicated. The EU does function as a kind of hybrid form of government and intergovernmental organization. But like Dragons flight and Physchim62 have noted, the EU does pass certain law over member nations. It also has the ability to make treaties (which I think is a foundation of sovereignty). So, after considering those comments, I do believe that we can treat the directives and regulations of the EU as "edicts of foreign government" and the text can be considered PD. I definitely don't believe it's anything to which the EU would ever object. But I wanted to clarify that this may not include the other various EU papers which may be copyrighted -- in much the same way US law allows individual states and federal organizations to retain copyright. (At least until someone like Mike Godwin with better legal knowledge opines otherwise.) — Cactus Writer (talk) 15:48, 22 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Indeed, I was never suggesting that all EU documents were in the public domain. Most governments (and almost all intergovernmental organizations) copyright most of their documents. But the "edict of government" doctrine says that laws can never be copyrighted in the U.S. so, if this document is a law (and everyone seems to agree that it is), it can't support a U.S. copyright. Physchim62 (talk) 14:47, 23 October 2010 (UTC)
 * The general principle, I'm pretty sure, is that people have a right to know the law which affects them, so any text with a legal effect (treaties, laws, court decisions, etc.) are considered public domain in the U.S. (no matter what style the government, be it foreign or local). I don't think there is any question that EU directives would come under that, as while I don't think they are self-executing (they are not precisely law themselves) they do force local governments to change their actual laws to conform to them.  There are many countries besides the U.S. which disallow copyright in that type of legal texts, although there are also many which do allow such copyrights, so in those countries the EU could hold copyright I guess.  But not in the U.S.  The principle actually comes from common law (many court cases over the years, including lots of them from the 1800s), and is not explicitly codified in law.  But yes, that principle only covers legal-type documents, not *all* works, so the EU can certainly hold copyright over a lot of stuff.  Carl Lindberg (talk) 06:14, 24 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Perhaps not important, but just becoming aware of MikeGodwin's depature upon reading this, the annoucement does say he will continue to be available for several months. I don't know if that includes questions from us peons :-P but if it really matters you could try (I presume he will update his user page anyway). Nil Einne (talk) 22:34, 24 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the reminder, Nil Einne. I think the issue has been well clarified here and everyone is in agreement. EU legal directives qualify as "edicts of foreign governments" and are PD for our purposes. — Cactus Writer (talk) 16:10, 25 October 2010 (UTC)

A Riew Possibilities of CRF treatemnts in Ayurveda
'''Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is the progressive loss of kidney function. The kidneys attempt to compensate for renal damage by hyperfiltration (excessive straining of the blood). Over time, hyperfiltration causes further loss of function. Chronic loss of function causes generalized wasting (shrinking in size) and progressive scarring within all parts of the kidneys.''' In time, overall scarring obscures the site of the initial damage. Yet, it is not until over 70% of the normal combined function of both kidneys is lost that most patients begin to experience symptoms of kidney failure. Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Renal Failure Chronic renal failure (CRF) usually produces symptoms when renal function — which is measured as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) — falls below 30 milliliters per minute (< 30 ml/min). This is approximately 30% of the normal value. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) slows to below 30 ml/min, signs of uremia (high blood level of protein by-products, such as urea & creatinine) may become noticeable. When the GFR falls below 15 ml/min most people become increasingly symptomatic. Uremic symptoms can affect every organ system in the body. Chronic renal failure nutrition should have a balance of fluids and electrolyte and adjusting the diet to prevent accumulation of toxic waste product to the minimum possible level.

Treatment for renal failurePrevention is always the goal with kidney failure. Chronic disease such as hypertension and diabetes are devastating because of the damage that they can do to kidneys and other organs. Lifelong diligence is important in keeping blood sugar and blood pressure within normal limits. Specific treatments are dependent upon the underlying diseases. Once kidney failure is present, the goal is to prevent further deterioration of renal function. If ignored, the kidneys will progress to complete failure, but if underlying illnesses are addressed and treated aggressively, kidney function can be preserved, though not always improved. Since1998 Dr. Prasher has treated about 34000 patients of various Chronic Disorders by using ayurveda from all parts of the world, successfully with more than 90% patients’ satisfaction rate including 4 with AIDS, 34 Hepatitis-B, 54 Hepatitis-C, 67 Coronary artery diseases, 7 valvular heart diseases, 4560 Slip Disc. 150 Thyroid, 3570 Diabetic, 6250 Asthma/Chronic Bronchitis, 03 Liver abscess, 9 Prostate cancer, 2 Blood cancer, 3 Breast cancer, 6 Liver cancer,2 brain cancer,4 stomach cancer,6 lung cancer,965 BPH,916 Hypertension, 1200 Chronic renal failure, 3670 Arthritis, 132 Infertility,875 Obesity, 235 Migraine, and a large number of others suffering from common ailments.

Chronic Renal failure management in Vedanta A lot of herbal treatments are available for renal failure. The goals of treatment for renal failure are to: Correct or treat the cause of kidney failure. '''Support the kidneys until they have healed and can work properly. Prevent or treat any complications caused by acute renal failure''' To check any chronic renal failure, firstly we studying the ongoing disease process and identifying the state of disease and the nature of diseased .Dr Prasher provide personalized herbal formulations to check the further deterioration of renal functions. In lot of patients these herbal compounds reversed the disease process involved & improve the renal functions slowly & gradually; reduces the levels of S.creatinine & B. urea. These herbal products are in capsules forms & can be taken along with other types of medicines & treatments /procedures including dialysis.


 * Hi. At least some of this is copied from (the part about Dr. Prasher). Some of it seems to be copied from . Why is this here? Are you trying to ask a question? --Moonriddengirl (talk) 10:42, 28 October 2010 (UTC)

Reuse of Wikipedia content without attribution - where to report?
What's the venue for reporting the discovery of a website that apparently reuses Wikipedia text without attribution?

In cleaning up this edit from, I noticed that the text of their article on Lyme disease was substantially similar to ours. The smoking gun was in the passage on treatment, where a footnote marker was still embedded: "The antibiotics of choice are doxycycline (in adults), amoxicillin (in children), erythromycin (for pregnant women) and ceftriaxone, with treatment lasting 14 to 28 days.[116] Alternative choices are cefuroxime and cefotaxime."

There is no attribution to Wikipedia on the page; the license at the bottom reads "Copyright © 2010 info-medical.info. All Rights Reserved." I did leave a reply on that site noting the reuse and requirement of attribution.

I looked at WP:C and don't see where to report this. Does this need escalated beyond this talk page? —C.Fred (talk) 18:03, 4 November 2010 (UTC)


 * Thanks for your attention to this issue! You can check to see if they are already listed at WP:MIRROR. If they are not, please add them. You can also write to them about the issue, if you like, although you can only legally demand removal of the content if you contributed to it. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 18:08, 4 November 2010 (UTC)


 * I've listed them as a mirror. I've contributed to the article but not substantially enough to where I feel in a position to demand removal. Nor do I want the content removed, unless they persistently infringe. —C.Fred (talk) 18:50, 4 November 2010 (UTC)

Text from other language Wikis
Just wondering what the policy is here?

This edit (among many others made by the user with the same minimal comment 'expand'): is an (automated? (there is odd wording such as 'The action of some indole alkaloids is known for ages. Aztecs used the psilocybin mushrooms which contain alkaloids psilocybin and psilocin.') translation of the matching featured article on Russian Wikipedia. I know it's ok to re-use the text, but shouldn't there be a link back to the source? Sumbuddi (talk) 02:44, 7 November 2010 (UTC)


 * I see that there is a tag in talk there. Talk:Indole_alkaloids But not here: . I'll leave the user a message to make sure he tags his sources. Sumbuddi (talk) 02:48, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

Plagiarism
In the section "Using copyrighted work from others", we have the paragraph:


 * "Note that copyright law governs the creative expression of ideas, not the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Wikipedia, so long as you do not follow the source too closely. (See our Copyright FAQ for more on how much reformulation may be necessary as well as the distinction between summary and abridgment.) However, it would still be unethical (but not illegal) to do so without citing the original as a reference."

What the last sentence is referring to is plagiarism, isn't it; is there any objection to adding a link to WP:Plagiarism to that sentence? -- JN 466  19:34, 11 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, I would object to citing WP:PLAGIARISM anywhere! The last sentence should really refer to article 10(1) of the Berne Convention: It shall be permissible to make quotations from a work which has already been lawfully made available to the public, provided that their making is compatible with fair practice, and their extent does not exceed that justified by the purpose, including quotations from newspaper articles and periodicals in the form of press summaries. Fair practice is generally taken to include attribution to the extent that this is practictable, which is always for Wikipedia. Physchim62 (talk) 20:09, 11 November 2010 (UTC)

Actually, that entire paragraph last sentence needs to be removed: it has no business being on this page. Physchim62 (talk) 20:23, 11 November 2010 (UTC)


 * I know your stance on plagiarism, but I think that the community at large would disagree. We can always try to get some of them to weigh in here, and good luck to us. :/ (By which I mean, of course, that getting people to talk about this is generally not easy. Either there's a lot of shouting and handwaving without much progress or, more typically, dead silence.) That text has been in this policy since March 2006: . Before that, it did explicitly mention "plagiarism", though it linked to the article, having done so since 2002: . So long as we have a guideline, linking to it in context would be appropriate. Especially since the last time I looked (a few days ago), the guideline seemed to be looking much better. :) --Moonriddengirl (talk) 12:22, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

Simple version
Is there any page that sets out the basic ideas of what copyright infringement means and how to avoid it. I'm putting a notice on a user talk page and looking for the best link, but all of the pages seem too technical. Do we have anything that a teenager could be expected to understand?  Will Beback   talk    11:18, 13 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Hi, Will. I'd send them to Copy-paste. It seems excellent for that purpose. :) --Moonriddengirl (talk) 12:00, 13 November 2010 (UTC)
 * That's perfect. Thanks.   Will Beback    talk    21:19, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

Not needed
"While the United States government does not claim copyright protection on its own works (see below for specifics), it should be noted that governments outside the U.S. often do claim copyright over works produced by their employees (for example, Crown copyright in the United Kingdom)."
 * The link for "below" is not needed (and in fact, inaccurate) as the sentence is already in the section linked. Thanks for fixing - CET  TALK  04:33, 23 November 2010 (UTC)


 * Sorry for the delay; fixed. I've also added a link to the relevant section of WP:PD, which is a bit more detailed. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 11:48, 5 January 2011 (UTC)

+cy
Please add cy:Wicipedia:Hawlfraint. Diolch/Thanks. --  Xxglennxx  (talk • cont.) 03:47, 5 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Sure thing! I did not know we had a Welsh Wikipedia. :) --Moonriddengirl (talk) 11:41, 5 January 2011 (UTC)

Charts and graphs
What the policy on recreating charts from a source? I have an article from the New York Times that includes a chart. It's nothing very involved, just a simple line graph showing the total air crash fatalities between 1960 and 1971. The article itself includes a note that says "Source: National Transportation Safety Board" with regards to the chart itself. Is it OK for me to create a new chart, using those same data points, and include it in the article? -- Mûĸĸâĸûĸâĸû  (blah?)  13:43, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

Diference between work and image of work
Which should be the subject of the copyright tag, the underlying work such as a painting or essay, or the image thereof? This becomes an issue when both are produced by different entities that may be covered under different copyright statuses for different reasons. For instance, a picture taken of a really old work (PD-old or PD-ineligible) by a US Government employee yada-yada (PD-USGov), that may or may not be copyrightable in and of itself (PD-ineligible). Should both tags be included? Int21h (talk) 17:35, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

Civil war photo tags
I happened to run across some photographs of the American Civil War, and noticed that the copyright tags are not consistent. Many of them seem to be done by Mathew Brady, dowloaded from the US Library of Congress. Some use the "US Army" tag, but that seems wrong, since I think Brady was doing it unofficially, or was he a real employee of the government? Also some use the "Published in US before 1923" tag. But they not really "published"? No evidence to that effect, e.g. not in a specific magazine or book - these are original negatives. So my guess is that the "death plus 100" is the right one. I would also think that they should generally go on Commons, but many are just on English wikipedia so I will ask here. Thanks for any suggestions. W Nowicki (talk) 22:52, 10 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Hi. I think WP:MCQ might be a better place to ask. Contributors familiar with image copyright tend to congregate there. :) --Moonriddengirl (talk) 23:05, 15 February 2011 (UTC)

Yes, thanks, I already did, and someone already replied. That is not an obvious TLA; perhaps I am just acronym challenged. W Nowicki (talk) 23:43, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

Fair use questions: List of highest-grossing Bollywood films
During a recent AfD (in which I was not a participant), it was pointed out to me that the sources behind List of highest-grossing Bollywood films are copyrighted. It is not a raw compilation of data, but rather a subjective analysis included a variety of factors (akin to CCC Information Services v. Maclean Hunter Market Reports and CDN Inc. v Kapes). I've currently got a conversation started (well, I'm attempting to start one) about how we can safely include in a list of these elements at Talk:List of highest-grossing Bollywood films. Input would be welcome! (But some admin will need to stay uninvolved to close the conversation :)). I am seriously wondering if this is the time for me to see if I can introduce myself to our new attorney. :/ Please give feedback there, so as to keep conversation in one place. I am also raising this at WT:C and WT:COPYCLEAN. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 23:05, 15 February 2011 (UTC)

Meaning of linking?
The policy tells us we should not link to web sites that are known to infringe copyright. However, is it also forbidden to give the URL in a manner that clicking on it would not cause the browser to navigate to that site? For example, if the Wikimedia Foundation's site were infringing copyright (which it isn't, this is just hypothetical) could I still cite it by writing http:&#47;&#47;www.wikimedia.org ? Jc3s5h (talk) 00:24, 16 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't know that it's explicitly mentioned in policy, but I'm pretty sure it's definitely against the spirit of WP:ELNEVER since it could still be contributory copyright infringement. VernoWhitney (talk) 13:13, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The external links guideline only applies to sites that are not being used as references. Jc3s5h (talk) 16:18, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * WP:LINKVIO refers to all uses, though, and I'm afraid it would be against the spirit of that for the same reason. The purpose of the prohibition is to make sure that we are not guilty of helping other websites misappropriate content. Even if it's not a linkthrough, we can still be guilty of that if we tell them where to find it. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 12:31, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

A discussion about plagiarism
Perhaps editors here might be interested in this discussion.--Andrew Lancaster (talk) 21:24, 18 March 2011 (UTC)

Changes to Copyright violations
I've done some work on that policy page. Full disclosure of what I did is at Wikipedia talk:Copyright violations/Archive_1. Feedback, positive or otherwise, is welcome. :) --Moonriddengirl (talk) 12:38, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

Should we explain user liability?
One thing I've been thinking about lately is that while our policies are engineered to protect Wikipedia, there is not so much information for good faith users who may think that following our copyright policies will protect them from prosecution. This may be true, in the United States...and may not be, since of course the question of whether material really is "fair use" and whether or not infringement really exists can be settled only by a court. It certainly may not be true in other countries with different laws than ours. We accept material that is PD in the U.S., but not in other nations. Should we advise contributors somewhere that while this policy is built to try to keep the website compliant with US copyright law, they are themselves responsible for their contributions and need to determine if their usage violates particularly laws of other localities?

Without giving details, for privacy reasons, some time back a contributor sent me a panicked e-mail when a publisher in his nation came after him (he was editing under his real name and had plenty enough identifying material on his user page) for uploading images under our WP:NFC. His nation is more restrictive. I sent him on to Mike Godwin, but I've always wondered how that situation came out. This man was gobsmacked to realize that he may have placed himself personally in the line of fire. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 12:38, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

New shortcut
I boldly created WP:COPYOTHERS, which points to Copyrights, since I've needed to point editors directly to that section in the past. However, I can't add the template to the target section. I would appreciate it if a mop wielder would do so on my behalf. Regards, Orange Suede Sofa  (talk) 01:53, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Done. :) --Moonriddengirl (talk) 01:55, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

Other wikis
I am having trouble wading through all of this, so if you can point me to the right page I'd appreciate that. I am trying to clean up bunches of baseball player articles that use a wiki as a cited reference (wiki: www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen, but I noticed the first few I was going through were copied straight from the other wiki several years ago(the first edit summary in the article history states this). My question, if a wiki is copied verbatim, is that a vio?  If not, does it even need to be given credit?  I know this wiki copies from us and we from them, so circular references are almost a guarantee.  Any pointers would be appreciated.  (Sorry for my ignorance on navigating these vio pages.)

Secondly, can you point me to a page that tells me how to clean up these references. I'm not planning on deleting any content, but I wasn't sure if I should just delete the citation to the wiki and leave it uncited, or what. (Dynamic IP, will change when I log-off) --64.85.221.28 (talk) 13:15, 29 April 2011 (UTC)


 * It depends on what the licensing is of the other wiki. :) In this case, the answer is going to be pretty complicated, I'm afraid. Because we underwent a licensing transition, they used to be compatible; they aren't now. Any content copied from their pages before our transition is legally retainable, as long as they get proper credit. Any content copied after, we can't have. Any text copied from that website and added to Wikipedia on or after November 1, 2008 should be removed as a copyright violation, whether it is attributed or not. If it was added prior to that date, it can be retained, but it needs to be properly attributed with a license template: template:GFDLlegacy. We should not be citing to the other Wiki; it's not a reliable source. With the attribution template in place, removing the citation does not put us in the position of plagiarizing their content. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 13:27, 29 April 2011 (UTC)


 * Wow, thanks for the quick response. In that case, I guess I should point out Template:Bullpen, which is included on most of these articles.  Should that template be updated to include language from template:GFDLlegacy?  The documentation for the template has the GDFL disclaimer, but the template itself does not.  No big deal, but I thought I should bring that template to your attention.  Thanks for your advice Moonriddengirl. (Dynamic IP, will change when I log-off) --64.85.221.28 (talk) 13:47, 29 April 2011 (UTC)

Congressional record?
Hi. I was asked at my talk page about the copyright status of this note from Ester Jusuf in the Congressional Record. I'm unsure, but a bit concerned about it. Congressional Record About says, "With the exception of copyrighted articles, there are no restrictions on the republication of material from the Congressional Record." Ester Jusuf is evidently an Indonesian human rights attorney, so she is not a US federal employee, and this is published in the "Extension of Remarks" section and thus was not presented before Congress. Any feedback? --Moonriddengirl (talk) 23:52, 23 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I was the one who asked Moonriddengirl, and I would just like to make it clear that Ester Jusuf is indeed an Indonesian attorney and head of the NGO Solidaritas Nusa Bangsa, which deals with the human rights violations in Indonesia in May 1998 (and maybe other human rights issues; most of their books are about the 1998 riots). Crisco 1492 (talk) 09:49, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

The validity of Template:PD-US-record
At Media_copyright_questions there is a discussion of the validity of PD-US-record.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 22:41, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Proposed overhaul for copyviocore
Hi. There's a proposal to update copyviocore at Template talk:Copyviocore. Please weigh in, if you have interest. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 19:58, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

Copyright in lists
Wikipedia includes a number of articles that reproduce lists previously published elsewhere. If the content is creative (in composition, selection, arrangement), there can be copyright concerns. The purpose of this RfC is to determine how we can fairly cover creative lists in accordance with WP:NFC. (Note: this does not apply to uncreative factual compilations, although sometimes what appears to be a factual compilation is actually creative; see below.)


 * Background


 * For expanded information on copyright in lists, please see User:Moonriddengirl/Copyright in lists.

In January and February, after copyright concerns were raised about several unconnected list articles, I exchanged a number of e-mails with our interim attorney in the hopes of clarifying what position we should take with these. Based on her letters, these are factors we should consider here:
 * With respect to copyright, she indicates that in addition to lists of obvious creative nature ("most important X"), lists of uncertain creation criteria and surveys constitute a copyright concern.
 * She says, "Unless you know the criteria involved in creating the list, it is impossible to even gauge the potential of a court finding that it warrants copyright protection. And unfortunately, even if you do know the criteria, it is very hard to predict what a court will say (especially because the courts vary in their opinions in different circuits on this matter) when there is a degree of creativity involved. You are really only safe if the list is purely formulaic."
 * It is her opinion that polls, also, are likely to be protectable because the parameters of the survey are chosen by those who conduct the polls and the selection of respondents indicates "at least some creativity." She says, "Because I believe survey results can be protected under copyright law, any use of them should be guided by fair use principles" and reminds that "Merely republishing them without any commentary or transformation is not fair use."

The need for certainty in creation criteria protects us from inadvertently misusing those lists that may look like fact but that may instead be based on expert opinion, which is creative.


 * With respect to the fair use of creative lists, she says:
 * The more we use, the greater the risk; the more important the material we use; the greater the risk. "if you list the top 5 out of a top 20 or even top 100 list, it's less likely to be fair use because the top 5 is usually what the public is the most interested in. Whereas if you give #2, #6, and #18-20, even though you are giving up the same percentage, it is more likely to be considered fair use." No "safe" percentages can be assumed because of the variety of factors involved.
 * Our republishing such lists "appeals to the same audience as the original" and is not likely to be seen as transformative.
 * using older lists that are out of publication may help a finding of fair use.

What the NFC guideline says now, based on our interim attorney's feedback, is that "unusable text" includes "A complete or partial recreation of "Top 100" or similar lists where the list has been selected in a creative manner, such as AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies. Articles on individual elements from such lists can discuss their inclusion in these lists. Complete lists based on factual data, such as List of highest-grossing films, are appropriate to include." This is a good distillation of her advice, but a strict application of this would make even The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, which I have always used as a good example, a problem.
 * Guidelines

Can we devise a workable approach to incorporating elements from lists that does not require us to remove all such partial recreations (or limit them to the bottom 5)?

This is not an intellectual exercise, but will impact a number of existing lists, both those that include material in their entirety and those that include samplings of various sizes. They are many. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 12:32, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

Life of author +70
I recently wanted to add a photograph of Louis Victor Baillot, who was the last surviving veteran of the Battle of Waterloo. He died in 1898. But since I did not know the authorship of the photograph, I could not be certain that the photograph was out of copyright. If the photograph was taken around 1895 by a 20-year-old photographer, and the photographer died at a normal age, that would be around 1950, and then the photograph would still be under copyright protection until 2020. So in accordance with policy, I did not upload the picture.

But Wikipedia seems to have a large number of pictures whose status is similar, as one would expect, because a strict interpretation of the policy would rule out the use of most photographs taken after about 1880.

For example, File:Maria Goeppert-Mayer.gif depicts a young Maria Goeppert-Mayer, taken perhaps around 1930 or so. (Goeppert-Mayer was born in 1906.) Unless the photographer died before 1941, the photograph is still protected by copyright in the United States. The image's information page says that the author is unknown, so this photograph is in violation of Wikipedia's copyright policy because for all we know they may actually still be alive.

I bring this up not because I want action taken on the Goeppert-Mayer image, but because it is representative of a very large class of images that appear to violate the policy. I would like to understand the policy better. Am I misunderstanding it?

Thanks for any light you can shed on this. —Mark Dominus (talk) 16:29, 12 July 2011 (UTC)


 * Current U.S. copyright law does indeed protect a work for life+70, but this is not retroactive. Back when copyright durations were shorter, many works lapsed into the public domain, and updates to U.S. copyright do not restore copyright to a public domain work. (This is not true for all countries.) For this reason, any work first published before 1923 is considered out of copyright (and in the public domain) in the United States. This is true regardless of where the work was first published, or when the author died. For more info, see my helpfile at User:Quadell/copyright. All the best, – Quadell (talk) 17:12, 12 July 2011 (UTC)

Knowing
The use of the word know in WP:LINKVIO ("If you know that an external Web site...") has been put forward at WP:ELN as proof that merely strongly and rationally suspecting a copyvio isn't a sufficient reason for editors to refuse to link to the website in question. I admit that there's a tiny chance that any given "highly probable" copyvio is actually a legal use—there's no way for editors to rule out the existence of secret, unpublished contracts between copyright owners and website owners—but perhaps we could refine the wording here to be a little less absolutist. WhatamIdoing (talk) 17:00, 9 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a good idea to me. We can't "know" anything without a court of law passing down judgment. What about altering "However, if you know that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of the creator's copyright, do not link to that copy of the work." to "However, if you know that an external Web site is or is likely to be carrying a work in violation of the creator's copyright, do not link to that copy of the work."? --Moonriddengirl (talk) 19:58, 11 June 2011 (UTC)


 * Or perhaps "know or reasonably suspect"? It's a smaller change.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 16:42, 18 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Done. :) --Moonriddengirl (talk) 16:44, 18 June 2011 (UTC)

If the site you are linking to has a copyright compliance policy in place, I don't see why we should second-guess those policies. We could keep a list of reputable hosts, similar to a list of reputable sources. – SJ + 17:43, 13 July 2011 (UTC)

copyright and links
Copyrights seems to encourage copyright paranoia. The idea that linking to YouTube videos (for instance) could pose a copyright problem for Wikipedia, is a stretch. Of course we should link to the most freely available information we can - but that doesn't mean not linking to publicly available information when no explicit license for use is visible.

The link to Intellectual Reserve v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry seems tenuous - can someone point to a more compelling discussion of this section? – SJ + 17:33, 13 July 2011 (UTC)


 * The problem is linking to a known copyright violation. You are helping to increase the damages that particular copyright violation does, as you are directing more people to bypass whatever the real copyright owner has set up, which then allows those people to copy/view the content illegally.  There is no problem whatsoever in linking to fully copyrighted material, provided it seems to be a legitimate source of that material (i.e. present with permission of the copyright owner in some form or other).  That doesn't need a license.   But if you find a copy of some Hollywood movie online illegally for example, do not link to it, particularly from that movie's article.  Song lyrics are another example; those are rarely ever online with permission of the author of the lyrics.  This is potentially contributory infringement (a form of secondary liability and different than normal copyright infringement); while not settled (there seem to be cases going both ways depending on the individual facts) there is really no good defense to these type of links.  There is a summary of some relevant court cases here; the case you mentioned above was about a website which directly copied copyrighted material, and then after an injunction prevented them from doing so, they replaced the actual content with links to other sites which were also hosting the content -- the judge decided that was also not OK, mainly because the site "actively directed users to the infringing sites."  Using a site as a reference, maybe that's defensible, but almost certainly not as an external link, link in the main body of the article, or something like that.  At least, that is the indication of that court case, and I'm not sure there is a counterexample. Carl Lindberg (talk) 02:05, 14 July 2011 (UTC)
 * That's an implausible interpretation of Lighthouse; as far as I can tell, the judge made note of the fact the the infringing material had been uploaded by the defendant, before said defendant linked to copies alleged to have been copied from the defendant's web site. It's still not a good idea to link to known copyright violations, but there are no court holdings that it can actually be contributory infringement unless the linker had something to do with the original infringement.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 19:38, 7 August 2011 (UTC)

Essay for linking
I have an essay on copyright-versus-trademark issues realting to logos at Logo Copyright/Trademark. I'd like this to beinserted in the "Further reading" section if an adminstrator sees fit.BillTunell (talk) 16:31, 15 August 2011 (UTC)

Using Print Screen to "create own copyright"?
There are no images for the video game Cave Story that are allowed by the copyright laws on the English Wikipedia. If I were to turn on the game on my computer, and use the Print Screen key to save a picture of the title screen, would I be allowed to upload that image? Grenadetoenails (talk) 20:51, 26 July 2011 (UTC)
 * No. MER-C 02:46, 8 August 2011 (UTC)
 * It might still be allowable under fair use, but would fail WP:NFCC, so couldn't appear in en.Wikipedia. The copyright would still be derived from the game copyright. — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 03:56, 8 August 2011 (UTC)

Lighthouse revisited
I am still not a lawyer, but the discussion at Wikipedia talk:Copyrights/Archive 13 still indicates that we (at WP:LINKVIO) are misinterpreting the court's reasoning in issuing preliminary injunction in Intellectual Reserve v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry. I think it would be better if we removed the example, noted that it was a preliminary injunction (later vacated), or that it was a trial court ruling, vacated before/without any appellate review. If the foundation or its lawyers would step it in, I wouldn't comment further, but, if we're going to use a legal argument, it should be, well legal. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 17:15, 7 August 2011 (UTC)
 * This makes sense to me. If the sentence beginning "Knowingly and intentionally directing others..." were removed, it would not change policy at all. The page would still say not to link to copyvios, and would explain that doing so sheds a bad light on Wikipedia. It would merely remove the incorrect legal interpretation, which would (in my view) be a good thing. – Quadell (talk) 19:37, 7 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I think it would be better to clarify that legal interpretation, which is not substantially incorrect. As I noted when this came up a year ago, while preliminary injunction in Intellectual Reserve v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry was vacated, the court's tendency there was clear. It was not vacated because they reversed, but because the parties settled privately. (And to that, Point 4 of the permanent injunction - incorporating terms agreed upon by the parties - seems pertinent here.) Since the parties reached settlement on their own, the court did not firmly decide the matter, but by no means did their final decision indicate a reversal of their earlier inclinations. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 19:45, 7 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Although the court didn't fully explain its reasoning for the preliminary injunction, the claim that Lighthouse first uploaded the copyrighted material, and then, after deleting from their website, then linked to copies on other websites, was made by IR and noted by the Court. Nothing like that is happening here.  (At least, I don't think any of the people linking to questionable Youtube videos actually uploaded the videos.)  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 04:16, 8 August 2011 (UTC)

Anders Behring Breivik
A discusion has developed here [] as to whether or not posting a link to Mr Breivik's manifesto violates copyright because it plagiarises portions of other peoples work. Is this a valid argument?Slatersteven (talk) 13:13, 10 August 2011 (UTC)

I just (2 hours ago)
got permission (via email) from an artist's wife (he is very old) to use my images of his work on wikipedia. How do I mark the images so that they don't get speedily deleted? Einar aka Carptrash (talk) 00:31, 3 September 2011 (UTC)


 * I'm afraid that getting permission to use an image on Wikipedia is not enough. Wikipedia prides itself on being a free content encyclopedia, where anyone can reuse our content without getting specific permission from anyone. As such, we only use images if they are released under a free license. A free license allows anyone (not just Wikipedia) to use the image for any purpose, even to making derivative works or commercial uses. One such license is the Creative Commons attribution license, which only requires that the copyright holder be credited. If the copyright holder is willing to release their images under such a license, then we can use them. If not, I'm afraid we probably can't. You may try reading Requesting copyright permission for more information and guidance, and I'm very willing to assist you in this. All the best, – Quadell (talk) 11:26, 3 September 2011 (UTC)

I think that I understand what you are saying. if I explain this to the artist and he agrees, then what do I do? I posted the images in 2004 or so, they were removed a couple of years later, but are still in the wikipedia system. They can be found in the page's history. The artist, and/or his spouse saw them there and approved my re-posting them. I will make sure that they understand the implications. Since they wish to use the pictures on their web-site i am foreseeing no problem. Thanks for getting back to me. Carptrash (talk) 16:16, 3 September 2011 (UTC)

"Gene Wiki" partnership with an academic journal
The Gene Wiki is an initiative to improve Wikipedia articles related to human genes. See Bots/Requests for approval/ProteinBoxBot for historical context. Recently I started a discussion at the village pump about a partnership we are trying to set up with an academic journal (GENE) to improve gene-related articles. Basically, we would recruit academic scientists to write review articles for GENE, and upon acceptance to the journal, the content of those articles would be integrated into WP.

The publisher of GENE is Elsevier, and their copyright and authors' rights policies are described here. In talking with the publisher and lawyers, they have stated that they would not consider posting text from one of their articles on WP to be a copyright violation provided it is the authors who initiate the process. Given that agreement by the lawyers, the editors are very excited about this partnership as a way to improve WP content on scientific topics.

Over at the village pump discussion, Colin raised the issue of whether media (figures, images, etc.) would require more explicit permission from the publisher. Comments and guidance about this issue (or any other copyright issues that need to be discussed and addressed) would be appreciated.

(To keep discussions reasonably organized, please post non-copyright discussion points at the village pump). Cheers, AndrewGNF (talk) 17:36, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
 * I posted a media-specific question at WP:MCQ . If anyone here has thoughts, I'm still interested in potential copyright issues of a more general nature as well.  Cheers, AndrewGNF (talk) 16:29, 13 September 2011 (UTC)

Bulletproofing PD upload
I have re-uploaded a PD photo that was deleted from the Commons. The, and supporting discussion of changes were added to justify uploading. Is this is an acceptable and reasonable way to use the photo, at least on EN/WP? --Wikiwatcher1 (talk) 20:03, 19 October 2011 (UTC)


 * I would recommend asking at WP:MCQ. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 22:33, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

Copying from Conservapedia
I recently found six articles copied from Conservapedia by User:Nobs01, listed at Copyright_problems/2011_November_1. The articles at Conservapedia appear to have written by Conservapedia user RobSmith at the time of copying.

See Conservapedia's copyright terms. These terms make just about zero sense - they claim that "Conservapedia grants a non-exclusive license" yet nowhere does it explicitly say contributors transfer copyright to Conservapedia, so how could they? It claims they can be used without attribution, yet they require a link. It says contributors irrevocably release rights, but say their license is revocable. This is all very confusing. My questions: Thanks! Dcoetzee 03:24, 5 November 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) Does Conservapedia transfer copyright from contributors to the Conservapedia project? Or do contributors retain copyright to their own contribution?
 * 2) Assuming Conservapedia retains copyright to the contributions, is their license Wikipedia-compatible? (I suspect not, since it's revocable)
 * 3) Assuming contributors retain copyright to their own contributions, we would still need to confirm that User:RobSmith and User:Nobs01 are the same person. What's the best way to prove this? Note that Nobs01 seems very reluctant to affirm a public connection, so maybe OTRS should be involved?
 * 4) What if the articles on Conservapedia had other substantial contributors at the time of copying? (I can't check this right now, it's down)
 * I've requested help from Mr. A. Schlalfy, owner of Conservapedia and author of its copyright policy. Thank you for your patience. nobs (talk) 21:06, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I can answer point two immediately. Conservapedia is not compatibly licensed according to advice from our attorney: . Their revocable license is not acceptable here. In terms of confirmation of authorship, they would need to go through OTRS if they cannot prove the link on the userpage on Conservapedia, but the inability to see the history of the article is likely to be a deal-killer. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 22:29, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I've done as suggested. I hope this helps and resolves the situation. Thank you very much. nobs (talk) 23:17, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

Cropping images from the BBC
If I crop an image from the BBC website (or other news outlets) is it okay to use? I would like to upload a cropped image of Alasdair McDonnell based on the image in this article: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-15607201

Apologies if this seems a rather obvious question (I imagine the answer is no). If I cannot use the image then where/how on Earth am I supposed to get an image without either taking a photograph myself or somehow tracking down the copyright holder and asking for permission?

Alternatively, could I use the images from the NI Assembly website? http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/members/membership11.htm It is a government source, afterall.

P.S. To be honest the Wikipedia guides seem largely inaccessible to novices like myself. A simple FAQ which would get more hits from search engines would be very useful.--Jonesy1289 (talk) 17:50, 7 November 2011 (UTC)


 * Sorry, but, no, you can't crop an image from the BBC website unless you have specific reason to know it is freely licensed. I'm not sure about the Northern Ireland Assembly website; not all government websites are freely released either. I think perhaps the best place for you to go to ask questions about image copyrights is the media copyright questions board, which is typically manned by people very experienced in these matters. :) --Moonriddengirl (talk) 22:32, 8 November 2011 (UTC)


 * Thanks a lot for the information. I will ask over there regarding the Northern Ireland assembly stuff - to me it looks like it is essentially in the public domain, but I'll see what the experts say.--Jonesy1289 (talk) 23:03, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

An image with a lot of corporate logos
The image to the right is one taken by David Shankbone and uploaded to Wikimedia Commons with a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. However, it is being challenged at Talk:Occupy Wall Street as disallowed by the lack of freedom of panorama in the USA. The various logos are the focus of the image, including those on the flag and poster showing a copyrighted composite image that belongs to The New York Times—the image of the girl signing "shhh" surrounded by media logos. Is the image okay to use on Wikipedia without limit? Does the image require a fair-use rationale? Should the image be ignored by English Wikipedia because it is not allowed to be seen in the USA? Binksternet (talk) 23:14, 12 November 2011 (UTC)
 * You might want to ask for feedback at WP:MCQ. This page doesn't see a lot of traffic; that one is specifically to discuss the copyright status of images. However, you might want to clarify your last question if you do go there. I can't quite follow what you mean by it. :) It sounds like you're suggesting we should willfully overlook the existence of the image on Wikipedia in spite of US copyright law, but you might also mean excluded? Too, it's less an issue of allowance to see and more an issue of allowance to license. :) --Moonriddengirl (talk) 12:12, 13 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Okay, I will take the question to MCQ. Thanks for the advice! Binksternet (talk) 21:03, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

cross-posting for Query I posted to Wikipedia_talk:Public_domain
Being unsure where to post this query, I opted for Wikipedia_talk:Public_domain. Any advice would be appreciated. -- Ohconfucius  ¡digame! 02:59, 24 November 2011 (UTC)

Need to change
The following phrase needs to be changed in this policy as it does not reflect the realities of copyright law with respect to the public domain.
 * "Images, photographs, video and sound files, like written works, are subject to copyright. Someone holds the copyright unless they have been explicitly placed in the public domain. Images, video and sound files on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf."
 * This should be rephrased into "Images, photographs, video and sound files, like written works, are usually subject to copyright. Someone holds the copyright unless they have been explicitly placed are in the public domain. Copyrighted images, video and sound files on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf." Under the old definition, it gives the impression that a photo published in 1922 would somehow be copyrighted, but under the rephrased rule, that photo is properly accounted for and can be listed as a PD image (anything published in the U.S. prior to 1923 is automatically in the public domain).

This nuance is properly reflected in the first sentences of the same section:
 * "All creative works are copyrighted, by international agreement, unless either they fall into the public domain or their copyright is explicitly disclaimed."

I understand we want to discourage copyright infringement, but we must account for media that fall into the public domain and not give users the false impression that some creative works are copyrighted when they aren't. Buffs (talk) 23:06, 10 December 2011 (UTC)


 * I can see where you're coming from, but I'm not too convinced your new wording is more helpful than the old one. For one thing, if we're going to be picky, there are so many different ways something can enter the public domain it would be impractical to cover them all explicitly in this one sentence. On the other hand, the very generic "are in the public domain" does too little to dispel the misunderstanding that "being in the public domain" is something one can simply take for granted (given that most people don't actually know the difference between the technical meaning of "public domain" and the everyday meaning of being "freely and publicly available"). The point this sentence needs to drive home is that public domain status is something that cannot simply be assumed by default, or because an item seems unimportant, because everybody has access to it anyway, because "nobody would care about it", etc. The important thing is that one needs to be able to point to a specific, positive reason for how and why an image is in the public domain. The current wording of it being "placed into" the public domain correctly points in that direction. Fut.Perf. ☼ 22:54, 13 December 2011 (UTC)


 * It may point somewhat in that direction, but it is wrong and needs to be fixed. Most stuff in the public domain isn't labeled as such. Using the example above, if I create a website and use an image from a 1922 New York Times article, the guidance here says that image is copyrighted when, in fact, it isn't. This is a clear case of copyright paranoia and this phrasing actively adds to that myth.
 * So how do we rephrase it? I think the first sentence should be rephrased to state: "Images, photographs, video and sound files, like written works, are subject to copyright law." Delete the next two sentences as they are outright false.
 * Your thoughts? Buffs (talk) 00:52, 14 December 2011 (UTC)


 * I agree with Future Perfect. There are other references earlier to copyright expiring (though in other contexts), so there is an implicit assumption here that we are only talking about unexpired copyrights. Moreover, one can argue that copyrights that have expired have been explicitly placed in the public domain by the law that stipulates this expiration. Hans Adler 01:31, 14 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I do not consider the suggested replacement text to be an improvement. Neither the original, nor the latter are "perfect", and as others have said, it is necessarily a short summary of the key point. The existing isn't wrong per se, it is a limited summary of a complex topic. The suggestion is equally "wrong" in saying, usually subject to copyright - because everything is 'subject to' the law, it just depends which specific laws apply. Typically, works such as "video and sound files" that people come across are under some specific copying conditions but are most subject to copyright? You say an image from 1922 New York Times isn't copyrighted...but that isn't necessarily always true; it could be. Copyright is incredibly complicated. With regards to "have been explicitly placed" v. "are in" [the public domain] - it depends; the way I see that is, regarding recently-created works - and we're trying to convey to the user that, typically, such works will be (c) unless someone has made a concious choice to put them into PD. I can see that you are reading it as regarding the corpus that is PD due to age/expiry, but that's not how I read it.
 * If a user has e.g. taken a photograph, then we are trying to convey that that image is indeed likely "subject to copyright" at the time they read this notice - but, that does not mean we cannot use it, because the user could decide - now - to explicitly place it in the PD, and we could.
 * Over all view: it's immensely complicated to get this "exactly right", and might not even be possible. And I haven't yet seen a suggestion that I consider an appropriate improvement.  Chzz  ► 07:55, 14 December 2011 (UTC)

Would this be too legalesey? :)
 * Images, photographs, video and sound files, like written works, are subject to copyright. In most cases, someone holds their copyright, unless they have been explicitly placed in the public domain or for legal reason are ineligible or no longer eligible for protection. Public domain status cannot be assumed, even if an image is openly published and reproduced on the internet. Almost all images, video and sound files on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf. (Public domain provides guidance on determining when images may be public domain.) In some cases, fair use guidelines...

I realize that WP:PD is linked already, earlier in the text, but it won't be obvious to newcomers. Does this help? Not help? --Moonriddengirl (talk) 11:36, 14 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Not sure, MRG. Can we get Geoff Brigham to have a quick look, if he can spare any time?  Chzz  ► 12:35, 16 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I take issue with the way this one is phrased. I offer the following alternative:
 * Images, photographs, video and sound files, like written works, are subject to copyright law. In most cases, someone holds their copyright, unless they have been explicitly placed in the public domain or for legal reason are ineligible or no longer eligible for protection. Public domain status cannot be assumed even if an image is openly published and reproduced on the internet and justification for declaring an image to be in the public domain must accompany all such file uploads. Almost all images, video and sound files on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf . (Public domain provides guidance on how to determine  when images are in the public domain.) In some cases, fair use guidelines...
 * I must admit I like the general phrasing though. Nice work, MRG. Buffs (talk) 00:08, 18 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Did we ever get a response on this? Buffs (talk) 19:57, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

A detail
Someone made me realize that your Copyright pages do not exactly mirror what's in the official document. I am referring specifically to the sentences "If you are the sole author of the material, you must license it under both CC-BY-SA and GFDL and "text for which you hold the copyright yourself must be licensed under both CC-BY-SA and GFDL" (here) about imported text, clauses which are nowhere to be found in the Terms of use. --Elitre (talk) 08:54, 16 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Sorry that nobody picked up on this earlier! It does accurately reflect Terms of Use. The terms are here:


 * The Terms of Use allows an exception if you share copyright:


 * --Moonriddengirl (talk) 18:31, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

Status of logs from IRC channels with "no public logging" as a channel rule
There's some debate about IRC on User talk:Jimbo Wales in which two admins apparently asserted that an IRC channel with a "no logging" rule was copyrighted. In a quick search, apparently there was a DMCA issue about copyrighted ? logs of a non-public IRC channel with Wikipedia Review. Meanwhile Wikiversity contains copies of logs from IRC (not sure if that's no-logging or not).

As uninformed guesswork, I'm thinking that IRC involves consent to have your text copied from server to server between many different computers, each of which has an unknown list of users; so far as I know there is no legal restriction implied, when you post, that an IRC server has to have a particular composition. So if someone chooses to run an extra server (a logging script) and make its output available to new channel readers only after a long delay (i.e. as a web page) it would seem within the implicit license. And I'd think that a channel operator's rule to ban public logging would have no special relevance to the copyright status, because he doesn't run the machine or control the service and he isn't a party to the implied contract the IRC user makes with the server he logs into. Besides, everyone knows what the penalty is for violating an IRC channel's policies - you get kicked from the channel, sometimes for as long as three minutes.

On the other hand, it is a body of creative work and its distribution was intended by the author to be limited.

I think it's time for people here who know the law to work out a legally considered policy regarding reposting of IRC logs from channels with no logging permitted (regardless of affiliation). Please note that I am not asking for a restrictive policy in order to protect the "privacy" of the Wikipedia IRC channels in particular (what a quaint idea!). I just want Wikipedia to have a reasoned position on when and how much of IRC logs in general people can post before we're arguing it out in front of a judge. Wnt (talk) 16:27, 8 January 2012 (UTC)


 * I do not often use IRC. Are there uniform Terms of Use somewhere? --Moonriddengirl (talk) 18:33, 8 January 2012 (UTC)


 * Well, for example with the Wikimedia IRC chat on Freenode there's http://freenode.net/policy.shtml but it doesn't talk about copyrights. Note that Freenode "strongly urges" people to follow channel guidelines but it doesn't sound like a contract.  But that's just one site anyway. Wnt (talk) 22:49, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

Linking to subpages of DGM violates terms of service
The terms of service of Discipline Global Mobile (DGM, a record company) expressly prohibit links to any page except the DGM homepage, warning that copyright violations will be pursued legally with tenacity. There is discussion at the talk page of WP's article on DGM's founder, Robert Fripp:
 * Initial discussion of possible copyright infringement and certain violation of DGM terms of use.

Thank you for your attention.

Sincerely, Kiefer .Wolfowitz 20:04, 21 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Discussion should be carried out at Wikipedia_talk:Copyright_problems. Thanks, Kiefer .Wolfowitz 21:16, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Pasted from WT:C
This page has the shortcut WT:C, but yesterday someone broke the shortcut and put some stuff there. I'm moving the information here so that the shortcut can be fixed, but it should maybe be somewhere else instead.

Attribution: User:Gorobay, User:Incnis Mrsi & User:Tra

Edit request on 23 February 2012
Please add.

Gorobay (talk) 16:48, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * For several minutes I try to guess where to find redirects from something else than Unicode… Incnis Mrsi (talk) 17:59, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ Tra (Talk) 09:11, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

Image help
I am in discussion with, son of this individual, who wants to upload images of his father. Wobbyprop took the images, so per Image use policy he has the right to them. How does he 'release' the images to Wikipedia? Images are something I struggle with still, even after 6 years... GiantSnowman 22:28, 9 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Simply upload them under a compatible license. Buffs (talk) 03:34, 10 March 2012 (UTC)

Postage stamps
Currently the guidelines for uploading images of vintage postage stamps are not well documented in the English Wikipedia, and it is hard to find which copyright tag to use. But for uploading in Wiki Commons, the Stamps/Public domain page provides background information, and specifies which tag templates to use there. So it is in fact much easier to create a commons account and do the upload. When I recently uploaded a stamp inmage in en.wikipedia space, I couldn't find the correct tag to use. In my case, Commons specified using PD-IrishGov, but the equivalent tag in en.wikipedia seems to be PD-IrelandGov. Certain countries have stringent laws regarding photocopy or scanning paper currencies, and they may be applicable to postage stamps or revenue stamp images. Also, crisp images of mint stamps with significant catalogue value might be misused for online auctioning purposes, so digital watermarking rules might be considered. Also it would be nice to see some procedural guidelines for vintage picture postcards. Postcards are usually not printed with a publication date, though they may indicate printer or publisher, so a link to tips on how to date them might be needed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kiyoweap (talk • contribs) 19:35, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Free images are preferably uploaded to Commons instead of Wikipedia. Uploading them here just creates an extra backlog for people moving images from here to there. If an image can't be uploaded to Commons, it may still be allowed on Wikipedia, for example as PD-US-1923-abroad or as fair use. Stamps should preferably only be uploaded to Wikipedia instead of Commons if the stamp isn't allowed on Commons. I'm not sure how to date a postcard. Cards can sometimes be dated by looking at buildings and people: are the buildings still standing and are the people still alive and do they look old or young? Copyright information is often only on Commons and not on Wikipedia. I believe that this is by design; there is no need to duplicate information, and images which are free enough for Commons should be uploaded there anyway. --Stefan2 (talk) 14:41, 20 March 2012 (UTC)


 * Basically many country's modern stamps are copyright and can only be uploaded here under a fair-use claim but there are additional restrictions where they can generally only be used in stamp articles not not just to illustrate the subject or merely to show the topic honoured by the stamp's issuance. As Stefan points out freely licenced stamps should be uploaded to the commons and you found one of the relevant stamp licence pages but may have missed the template. You can always ask at the Philately WikiProject of you have any other stamp questions. I can't assist you on the postcards. ww2censor (talk) 18:13, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

RfC: What to do with respect to the copyright of countries with which the US does not have copyright relations?

 * The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section. A summary of the conclusions reached follows.
 * 's closure of the discussion is copied from . Cunard (talk) 06:21, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

It's now been over two months since this discussion ground to a halt, without any sign (despite repeated requests) of anyone being willing to close. So I've taken on this thankless task.

Principles:
 * 1) Change is costly. Changing things means changing infrastructure and educating users on the new situation. We should only do it when it's clear that the benefits outweigh the costs, and that the change is well-supported by the community.
 * 2) Wikipedia aims to be a free content encyclopedia, and to spread knowledge throughout the world.
 * 3) The United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights states (Article 27(2)) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

Findings:
 * 1) Various countries listed at Non-U.S._copyrights currently don't have copyright relations with the US, and therefore works copyrighted in those countries aren't copyrighted in the US. They are therefore legally in the public domain in the US, and there is no legal impediment to their use on this basis. There are however ethical arguments against their use.
 * 2) If those countries sign the relevant international agreements, works copyrighted there will become copyrighted in the US (and in most other countries). This might mean removal of the images would be required, or addition of Fair Use Rationales.
 * 3) Option 1 (country-specific PD templates, eg User:Buffs/PD-Iraq_in_US) is carried without opposition. Such templates allow all files to be identified if the situation for a country changes.
 * 4) Usage Option 1 (use such files as PD, with appropriate templates for identification) has no consensus, and leans oppose.
 * 5) Usage Option 2 and Usage Option 3 (which are virtually identical, and are to treat the files as non-free and apply fair-use rationales for each use) have no consensus. Two variations on this theme, Usage Option 4 and Usage Option 5 (treat files as if international copyright agreements had been signed by the few countries that haven't) are respectively strongly opposed and have no consensus.
 * 6) The final arrangement proposal was opposed.

I believe that this means that all of this discussion, whilst it has clarified a lot of things, shows How do we deal with this? By relying on principles 1, 2 and 3 cited above. Each of these points towards sticking with the status quo ante, and that is my conclusion.
 * 1) no consensus for the status quo ante, which is Jimbo's stance that (quoting from Copyrights, not his words) "Wikipedia contributors should respect the copyright law of other nations, even if these do not have official copyright relations with the United States". Various usage options supporting the status quo were rejected or did not gain consensus.
 * 2) no consensus for change.

To this I would add a comment: some of the objections to respecting the copyright law of the relevant nations is that quite often Wikipedia practice chooses US copyright law over local copyright law, where they conflict and this approach places the content in the public domain in the US. I want to point out the distinction between (i) choosing to go with US law in a conflict situation between US and local law, resolving that conflict in accordance with international law and (ii) ignoring local law because the country hasn't signed the appropriate international agreements. In situation (i), the authors have had a chance to have their rights respected, and conflicts resolved by interpretation of the law; in situation (ii), the authors have not had that chance. I think this is worth saying in order to distinguish the situation we're discussing from many other situations that can be argued to be similar. Rd232 talk 18:07, 12 May 2012 (UTC)

General discussion
'''Due to bot issues this in not currently showing as an open RfC. However while we await legal input from the foundation it should remain open. I've queried the bots action with it's owner and started a section below .''' Dpmuk (talk) 19:00, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

What to do with respect to the copyright of countries with which the US does not have copyright relations?? This has come about because of the images of the US drone in Iran and an old (2005) e-mail from Jimbo that is referenced at WP:C. More history at the RfC. Dpmuk (talk) 04:06, 12 February 2012 (UTC)

Currently WP:C states: ""Regardless, according to Jimbo Wales, the co-founder of Wikipedia, Wikipedia contributors should respect the copyright law of other nations, even if these do not have official copyright relations with the United States.""

with a link to this 2005 from Jimbo Wales. When the images of the US drone in Iran, such as File:U.S. RQ-170 on display in Iran 1.jpg, were uploaded a PUF was started here. I have clarified with the closer here that in closing they were merely determining the images were PD, not whether we should be using them. A template was created for these PD images but was userfied as a result of this discussion.

The current situation would appear to leave us in the odd situation where we treat the images as copyright and so should require a FUR etc despite the whole system not really being set up to cover this situation. The current situation also seems out of synced with current policy where we allow use of images that are PD in the US for other reasons (e.g. time) but aren't in the country of origin. It should be noted that there is the complication with images such as these that if copyright relations were ever established these images would automatically become copyrighted in the US.

The current situation is obviously confusing and needs clarifying. Once that is done we can create the appropriate template etc. Dpmuk (talk) 16:10, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Unless we treat them as PD (as I think everyone agrees they are within the US and most other countries), this sort of rationale can only lead to images being tagged as both PD and but with Fair Use Rationales. If that's the way we ultimately decide to do this, fine, but we need direction for people to upload such images and let the bots handle them appropriately. Right now, some bots/people are removing FURs from PD images (and rightly so), but we need to make it clear how to actually handle these kinds of images.
 * There are two issues: labeling and usage.
 * Labeling them as "Copyrighted" is simply false. They aren't copyrighted in most of the free world, but more importantly, they aren't copyrighted within the US. Just labeling them as copyrighted restricts people from re-using the images as they are allowed to do. If we are going to abide by Iranian copyright law, are we going to delete File:Neda Agha-Soltan.jpg? This image has been banned in Iran!
 * Labeling them as "PD" is accurate, but more information would be better. The images are copyrighted in Iran, but that doesn't transfer to the US or UK.
 * I contend it is best to label them thusly:
 * So, the next issue is how do we actually use the images? I contend that we should treat them as PD until such time as Iran becomes a signatory to relevant copyright conventions. There is no legal risk involved as the Iranians have no standing to bring a lawsuit in the US (they don't even have a consulate or embassy in the US). Jimbo is indeed correct that we should "respect" the rights of the Iranians, however, I contend that we should also respect the rights of those outside of Iran who have a legal right to use these PD images as they see fit. In a balance between the two, I side with the rights of those outside Iran to use the image as a PD image. This doesn't mean we are disrespecting/disregarding Iranian copyright, but the image would be appropriately labeled and should NOT be treated as a PD image in Iran.
 * In summary, label them as PD everywhere but Iran, note that they cannot be used as PD images in Iran, and treat them as PD within en-wp. Buffs (talk) 17:02, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Furthermore, by separately labeling them, should Iran decide to become a signatory, it would be FAR easier to change a single the image tag and remove copyrighted images in the future (should that be a condition of their signing). Labeling them as simply PD or treating them as copyrighted would not provide the same flexibility. Buffs (talk) 17:05, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * There are also a few other countries to which this applies as well (Afghanistan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, San Marino and Turkmenistan). I suppose we should include them in the specifics of our solution. Buffs (talk) 17:10, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I specifically worded it for "countries with which the US does not have copyright relations" for that reason although of course the example are all Iranian. Dpmuk (talk) 17:21, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * This is no longer true for Afghanistan or Iraq, though it was before 2001 and 2003, respectively. I can't confirm the cases regarding San Marino or Turkmenistan, but I doubt the issue would come up much. We're mostly just talking about Iran and Ethiopia here. – Quadell (talk) 18:00, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Where is your evidence of that? According to the US copyright office as of January 2010, this is still true for Iraq and Afghanistan Buffs (talk) 09:23, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Where is your evidence of that? According to the US copyright office as of January 2010, this is still true for Iraq and Afghanistan Buffs (talk) 09:23, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

Long ago, Jimbo Wales emphatically opined that we should not treat images as PD just because the U.S. does not have a copyright relationship with the country of origin. Instead, he insisted, we should treat such an image as copyrighted on Wikipedia if it is considered copyrighted where it was first published. Since then, many cases have come up that strain the logic of this directive. (E.g., the U.S. does have a copyright treaty with Mexico, and a photo by a Mexican citizen who died in 1920 would be considered copyrighted in Mexico but PD in the United States. Wikipedia doesn't honor Mexico's copyright laws in this case when they conflict with U.S. law, so why should we do so for Iran?) I understand why Jimbo Wales said what he said, but I think his advice is bad in this instance. And as far as I know, it was a single statement that he made once, many years ago, and I don't think the Wikipedia community should be bound by it. In my opinion, if an image is not protected by copyright in the U.S., we should be free to use it on Wikipedia and tag it as PD. – Quadell (talk) 18:00, 12 January 2012 (UTC)

As far as I can tell, Jimbo has just about no experience with files or file copyright. Rather than debate his statement, we should kick this to the WMF counsel, who does have training (presumably) in copyright, and have him release a legal opinion on the matter. If Jimbo or the board wants to establish additional parameters, they can do so in an official capacity after that opinion comes through.  S ven M anguard  Wha?  18:26, 12 January 2012 (UTC)

As this uses a publication from the US Copyright Office as it's source I think we'll safe in assuming such images are PD. I suppose it won't do any harm kicking it to counsel, assuming they have time to answer, but I do think it's safe to proceed with this RfC on the grounds that they are PD. Dpmuk (talk) 01:04, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Concur with Sven Manguard. --John (talk) 21:54, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I think the legal position here is clear - quoting from Non-U.S. copyrights:"According to Circular 38a of the U.S. Copyright Office, as of January 2010, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, San Marino and Turkmenistan have no copyright relations whatsoever with the U.S. Published works originating in one of these countries thus are not copyrighted in the United States, regardless of the local copyright laws of these countries. See 17 U.S.C. § 104(b), quoted in the Circular. Unpublished works, however, are copyrighted regardless of their origin or of the nationality of the works' authors, as long as they remain unpublished. See 17 U.S.C. § 104(a)."

Personally, I agree with the spirit of Jimbo's original sentiment. If we consider the intellectual contributions of others to be valuable (and I think we do), then ethically we ought to respect their works, even if we aren't legally obligated to do so due to quirks in international policy. If an Iranian creates something new and different and great, I can't agree that it is right to take that for our own use just because he is Iranian. Legally viable, but ethically icky. Quadell is correct when he says above that we aren't entirely consistent about rules like this, but personally, I think that consistency should come from giving more respect to authors and content creators, and not less. I will also note that "public domain" when it comes to non-treaty states doesn't have the same sense of permanence of the "public domain" we usually recognize. In particular, if one of those countries decides to become a treaty partner (admittedly unlikely for Iran in the near future) then their works would be restored to protected status and could no longer be used from that point forward. Personally, I don't feel very comfortable with a system that says: "go ahead and use this material now, because the author doesn't have any rights or recourse here right now, but you should still be on guard because he might have rights some day". I think it is ethically much more natural to treat the works of non-treaty partners with the same level of consideration that we would give nearly everyone else on Earth. Is it required of us? No. Should we expect similar consideration from them of our works? Probably not. But at the same I think our sense of what is ethically right and wrong should go beyond a mere consideration of what one can legally get away with. Dragons flight (talk) 01:38, 13 January 2012 (UTC)


 * "Ethics" on Wikipedia never lead to anything good. Our only "ethics" should be to get as much information free and clear to the public, to people who don't have the money to buy every book or the privilege of access to a fancy private university library, as we can possibly manage to do reliably.  We have already seen the risk of public domain works being taken away from us with the copyright extension bills - nothing is really "safe", or ever will be, as long as the doctrine of copyright continues. Wnt (talk) 04:23, 13 January 2012 (UTC)


 * Dragons Flight, I'm sorry, but...What?!?!
 * We can't possibly decide what images to use solely because their copyright statuses are "icky". These are legal issues here, not ethical ones.
 * "Public Domain" is a legal status, not a perception or some other pleasant nicety. Responding to "I will also note that "public domain" when it comes to non-treaty states doesn't have the same sense of permanence of the "public domain" we usually recognize", I couldn't disagree more. Europe made some changes when the EU formed and some things that were public domain suddenly re-became copyrighted and, yes, the US does recognize those copyright claims. Should that instance somehow come into play, I believe we could certainly adapt and properly annotate/use images.
 * I also don't think that the way you "feel comfortable" (though this goes for anyone, including myself) with a situation is truly relevant.
 * Lastly, this isn't a matter of respect for intellectual property on an ethical level. The rights of copyright for the individuals end at the border of Iran, period, because Iran has decided as a country not to sign several treaties. Again, those rights end at their borders. They create those images knowing full well that their copyrights don't apply worldwide.; those images are in the public domain in the US.
 * This isn't a matter of "getting away" with anything, this is a situation which has two needs to be addressed: 1. How to label these images and 2. How to use them. Right now, we have conflicting guidance. As I stated above, I'm more interested in defining both of these so we don't have problems in the future (or at least minimize them). As such I think it would be best to split the discussion into those subheadings for clarity (see below). Buffs (talk) 08:42, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, but the issues are both legal and ethical. If we did everything that was legal, WP:NFCC would be nothing but a restatement of the case law on fair use.  Sometimes we have higher goals than simply doing whatever we can legally get away with.  Personally, this is one of those time for me.  Historically, many groups (e.g. ethnic minorities, women, etc.) have been denied many rights for reasons that were entirely legal at the time, but seem very odd by modern standards.  For me denying Iranians (and persons in similar situations) access to international intellectual property rights due largely to the ass-backwards nature of their government seems like one of those things.  My proposal is simple, treat international authorship everywhere as if the Berne Convention did apply.  Hence images that are protected in their country of origin would usually be subject to NFCC here.  I realize it isn't actually true, but it seems the most fair and equitable solution.  Dragons flight (talk) 01:24, 16 January 2012 (UTC)


 * I object....fa wiki is only the persian(farsi) version of the English wiki and nothing else,it's not considered a different country and it does not have different policies.Wikipedia's servers are located in USA and don't have anything to do with Iran's internal rules and policies.it's like u say,the website of USA's embassy can't use american photos in it's persian translation of the site.makes no sense...besides,the most important fact that no one could reject and close eyes on is Jimbo's lettter,very clear and very fully..."Wikipedia contributors should respect the copyright law of other nations, even if these do not have official copyright relations with the United States."....JUST BECUZ U DID NOT LIKE IT,IT DOES NOT MAKE THE LETTER ODD...I emphasis again:wiki fa or eiki persian isn't a different country,it's just the persian version of wiki english...respects.--jasmine (talk) 14:06, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Jasmine, I must admit I am slightly confused by your message. What exactly are you opposed to doing? Your posting seems to also bring up an additional issue which is how the persian version of the cite should be treated. Honestly, that is up to you and those who contribute to that version of WP. As long as polices there are in line with WMF policies, you can do anything you want (example: the german wp has decided that NO copyrighted images can be on their version, while the english version has decided fair use of copyrighted images are acceptable in some cases).
 * Now I agree with what I believe Jimbo was trying to do: showing as much respect as possible for others' copyrights. However, there are problems that this entails that were NOT addressed in his statement:
 * Let's say we have an image that is copyrighted in Iran that should be used in an article. Should that image be labeled as PD? Or as copyrighted? Or as copyrighted in Iran, but PD in the US? Each one of these options has positives and negatives. Labeling the image as copyrighted is simply false and gives the false impression that there is a restriction on usage in the US (i.e. Someone writing a book in the US can't use a copyrighted photo without permission, when in fact, they can). Simply labeling it as PD also is incorrect as it still retains copyrighted status within the borders of Iran (someone in Iran can't write a book and include this image without getting permission).
 * Then there is how we will actually use the image on WP. Since it is copyrighted in Iran, it cannot be uploaded to Commons. Likewise, I'm pretty sure that the German WP could feel the same way, but it isn't copyrighted in Germany either, so...??? However, it can be used on the en-wp. So, how do we use it? Do we invoke a Fair Use claim and treat it as a copyrighted image (no matter how it is labeled)? Do we simply treat it as a PD image and use it whereever we want?
 * In short, no matter how we look at this, there are quite a few nuances that Jimbo's message didn't cover and Jimbo isn't the end-all, be-all in WP. We can change how we do things (especially 6-7 years later). And we should probably get the WMF's opinion on the subject and incorporate that into our solution.
 * Lastly, I really want to hear your opinion on the subject and make sure we can take your opinions into account. If you don't like the options you see below,  please  add your own. I wrote them, but I take no pride in authorship; if you have a better solution, let's hear it! :-) Buffs (talk) 19:36, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

To me it is a simple decision that does not involve ethics in any manner. Based on lessons learned from PD-Soviet use we want to avoid images that may not remain in the Public domain forever. The reason why PD images are allowed on the website at all is because they will remain in the public domain forever. All the PD images covered by this proposal (should it come to effect) would become fully copyrighted if the mentioned countries sign the Berne Convention or any other similar copyright agreement. The fallout of that is the pulling down every use of the covered images on all medians including printed copies which would require the collection of all copies even those given away for free. That would be very costly to say the least. Images can be used under fair use and we would avoid all the problems that way. -- A Certain White Cat chi? 16:44, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * This argument is a red herring. It is pure speculation that we would be required to collect printed copies containing these images (and I don't see the State Department going for that in their agreements). We also wouldn't have legal issues within the US (which is where the servers are hosted) since ex post facto applies in the US: you cannot change the legal consequences of an image's use that existed prior to the enactment of the treaty. Now, we would have to remove all non-Fair Use versions from our current WP, but that's a separate issue...and even be more of a reason to label these images in such a manner that allows for a quick search/update of all of them should that time arise. IMHO, labeling them as copyrighted isn't a viable option as it is straight up false. I'd like to see you draft an opinion below. Come! Join in our reindeer games! :-) Buffs (talk) 19:49, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * If the images become copyrighted due to the countries you mentioned signing an agreement like the berne convention the images would be covered by the protection as if they are covered in their country of origin. What about this is speculation? Labeling the images (under fair use) can be accompanied by the country of origin. ex post facto did not apply to PD-Soviet change, why should it apply now? See: commons:Template:PD-Soviet or commons:Template talk:PD-Soviet (Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc.) to be more specific. -- A Certain White Cat chi? 12:58, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * You bring up a valid concern. Yes, if they sign the treaty tomorrow, these images will become copyrighted. I never stated anything to the contrary. What I AM saying is that we cannot be charged or sued for use PRIOR to the signing of the treaty. We CAN be sued for use AFTER the treaty is signed. In any case, even the case you cite doesn't bear out the bleak scenario you portray. In that case, after Russia signed the Berne Convention in 1995, organization #1 sued and sought an injunction to stop organization #2 from distributing their copyrighted works. Of the 500+ works, 28 had registered copyrights in the US (pretty clear/blatant case of copyright infringement), 317 were restored copyrights in which organization #2 continued to use even after copyright works were restored. The rest the courts determined were not eligible for copyright. The judge and appellate court found in favor of Org #1 because Org #2 took both items that were copyrighted AND those that had a restored copyright and copied/distributed and continued to copy/distribute them even once they knew they were in violation of copyright (they knew they were doing something wrong and kept doing it anyway). As stated by the appelate court, Russian law was used to determine who was the copyright holder (in our case, that isn't an issue since we acknowledge who owns the copyright...perhaps this is a field we need to include in the template?). However, US law was used to determine any associated penalties. Ex post facto applied and they were not fined for anything related to use of restored-copyrighted media used prior to 1995 (prior to the restoration of copyright). They were fined $500,000 for copying/distributing copyrighted works registered in the US and for continuing to copy/distribute restored-copyrighted works after copyrights were restored. To use this situation as a backdrop and assuming we utilize these images as PD images, let's see what would happen in 2020 if the Iranian Government decides to become a signatory. These images would become copyrighted and we could use them only under a Fair Use application (labeling these images differently than simply "copyrighted" or "PD" would allow us to quickly make the transition by editing a single template and removing them from ALL articles until they had a FUR). What we did with the images prior to 2020 would be completely irrelevant and Iran would have no standing to sue retroactively. If we printed something prior to 2020, those documents would be fine, but we couldn't continue to print them. Any documents printed and within WP custody would have to be removed/redacted/edited to remove the images in question. We would be under no obligation to "go find every document we ever printed and destroy it" as ex post facto would apply
 * In short, your concerns are valid, your initial analysis is spot on, but your dire predictions are speculative and have no case law to back them up. It really boils down to copyright paranoia. Buffs (talk) 19:39, 14 January 2012 (UTC)

Please clarify first of all, this discussion is just limited to English Wikipedia and no where else? Each Wiki project has its rules, e.g. Deutsche WP or Japanese WP has no non-free contents, they have restricted themselves and you see no logos, album covers, etc. there. Another example is French WP which uses only logos as fair-use. If Jimbo has said that we should imitate from each country's rules, so why we have fair-use in enwiki but we don't in dewiki? Why do we have Japanese non-free images in WP while Japan don't permit us to use fair-use? ● Mehran Debate● 17:34, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, this is limited solely to the English Wikipedia. This does NOT directly apply to other WPs. Buffs (talk) 19:52, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * As an FYI, the Japanese Wikipedia accepts some non-free images. I know this since my image of the Air France headquarters (non-free in France) is hosted on JA. But anyway, yeah, this is about EN. WhisperToMe (talk) 23:22, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Jimbos e-mail is very old so just applying it to any wikipedia should not be done as it's probably been superseded elsewhere. However here at en.wiki we still reference it in a policy so this RfC will hopefully update our stance so it no longer relies on an old e-mail that may well not be in keeping with current practice. Dpmuk (talk) 22:15, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I must say I also disagree with this. Jimbo made a valid point, but we simply must put it in context. I think dismissing it without consensus and/or a ruling from WMF is a bad idea. However, I also think Jimbo is simply wrong on this point. Buffs (talk) 03:56, 14 January 2012 (UTC)

Arbitrary Break #1
I dislike the addition of the sections below. In general I am against them as they can stifle debate (look at how little reasoning is below), limit options and makes it look like a vote and votes are strongly discouraged at wikipedia. Specifically in this case I think the first section is definitely not the way to go. First it's not that relevant to the RfC. We can decide how to label them once we've decided how we use them. If we decide to respect the copyright then I think an explanation of this needs to be included in any template. But any such discussion is, IMO, to in the specifics for this RfC which should be on general policy. Even if people think we should be discussing it at the RfC it is, IMO, it's obvious we should use specific templates for each country but the implementation below is not the way to go. Firstly we should create categories for each country and use the template to populate these. Second, given the similarity in the templates, there should be one meta template which should be the basis for the actual templates. This is a good example of why I dislike listing option like has been done - my option isn't included. As for the second section I believe option two is redundant as I think it's well established the images are PD and it also poses the problem that it leaves us no nearer a solution when the legal opinion comes back that they are PD (assuming it does). I suggest the removal of these section and more discussion - at the very least until the options have been agreed upon. Dpmuk (talk) 22:15, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I disagree quite a bit.
 * First, most of the reasoning is already up top.
 * Second it is my no means a binding vote of any kind. Just a way to generically gauge support. If we have 100% people opposed to something, then it obviously isn't what we are aligning towards. If we have 100% support, well that just may be a good way to gauge what we should put into policy/guidelines. As of right now, we have a lot of people weighing in on this, but relatively few placing a !vote below. While there is little opposition to the below points, it doesn't mean there is by any means 100% support.
 * Third, How we label these is just as important as how we (and others) use them. Buffs (talk) 03:56, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I think I should repeat my question again:
 * 1) Assume that we want to imitate each country's copyright rules, Germany has limited its rules about non-free content, so we shouldn't use any Deutsche fair-use works in enwiki (if we want to respect to Germany's rules), but now we have such works in our wiki without any questions. We have the same situation about the other countries such as Iran, Ethiopia, etc.. If we want to respect to the other countries' rules then we should delete all of the Deutsche, French, Japanese, ... works in enwiki. If we want to neglect their rules and imitate USA rules for them then we may neglect the other countries' rules such as Iran, Iraq, ...
 * 2) What the purpose of the below voting since the rules are clear enough to discuss about them? Please hold it back! (However you can see the other users' tendency to participate this voting) ● Mehran Debate● 05:12, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Mehran, you seem to be confusing the legal and wikipedia roles. Each Wikipedia can define its own rules irrespective of the borders of dominant states. These rule must fit within constraints set forth by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). Germany has not limited rules on non-free content, the German Wikipedia has. Now, of course, the rules that govern WPs obviously must fit within the rules of the law as well. The legal issues you present aren't really issues at all. According to the Berne Convention (of which Germany, Japan, France, etc are all signatories), an international copyright treaty, clearly defines how creative works are to be treated between countries. Countries can expect their creative works to be protected properly by other signatories. This also gives them cause to sue should a country violate their treaty obligations.
 * The reason for the proposals below is to figure out how we are going to treat images from countries that are not signatories. These images are in the public domain in the United States (where the servers are located and the governing federal law should any problems arise), but they are still copyrighted in their home country. Quite literally, they have both Public Domain status and copyrighted status simultaneously. The suggestions below are merely possible ways we could both annotate this odd conundrum and clearly define how such files are going to be used. Buffs (talk) 05:45, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't know exactly about Germany, but in France there are actually some rules which restricted the fair-use. e.g. please see here, according to this rule we can't use any French fair-use works such as album covers, movie covers, ... (except logos), the same reason that frwiki don't use these images. (Maybe a french informed user could help about it better) So these rules also should be existed in enwiki (and any other wikis). I should consider that the "Non-free content" has a very long discussions in almost every wikis, and many criticisms has been considered about the correctness of this WP policy.
 * So as you said (if I understand correctly), this voting is just a proposal and will not be a type of consensus. Anyway, my final point is that we should respect to each countries' copyright rules, we can't neglect them just because the country have no relationships with USA because of some political issues! (Same what Jimbo said). Regard to Iranian PD images, they will be PD 50 years after the death of its author or 30 years from the date of publication. ● Mehran  Debate● 06:49, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * The website you cite (English translation here) is merely the French law on the subject, not the rules of the fr-wp. Moreover, we can use images (to include "album covers, movie covers, ...") and we do under Fair Use. Our use is covered under part c of the document you mentioned. #There are indeed some LAWS (not just rules) in France that cover copyrighted works differently than in the US. For example, it doesn't matter who takes a picture of the Lourve in Paris, it essentially a copyright infringement, but one that can be justified under de minimus We have Freedom of Panorama in the US, but that same Freedom doesn't exist in France. Buildings themselves can be copyrighted in France, but not the US. As a signatory to the Berne & URAA treaties, the US is obligated to protect those copyrights. As such we can (and do) use the aforementioned image of the Lourve in its article on en-wp, but only under an exception noted in their copyright laws. We certainly can and do use French fair use images on the en-wp. What the fr-wp does is largely irrelevant to the discussion (whether they do so because of European laws, a communal sense of "fair play" within their community, laws in France/Switzerland/etc, or any other reason is up to them, not us). Their rules should NOT exist in en-wp as each entity is independently "governed" as long as they meet the rules set forth by the WMF.
 * Voting below is indeed ust a proposal and a forum to discuss how to phrase potential updates to policy. We could later use the exact verbiage or use something completely different. It's just a plce to discuss ideas. Right now, about a dozen people have weighed in on this discussion, but only 3 have voiced an opinion below.
 * Lastly, we aren't "neglecting" copyright rules, we are applying copyright LAWS. These aren't merely "political issues" or petty differences between countries. These are treaties between countries (or rather a lack of them). Copyright is a LAW and must be upheld within its confines. We shouldn't make up fictional rights where none exist. We have to base our internal rules on what actually exists in the law. If you believe we should apply everyone's laws to WP, well, that's going to be a severe issue when we delete any criticism of the Chinese government, Irainan government, or North Korean government, any image of Mohammed, any nudity, etc. The truth is, we can't even "respect" every law in every country, much less "respect" laws and treaties that don't exist bwtween counties. The best we can do is annotate the copyright status as accurately as possible (see below) and use them in a manner consistent with the WMF rules/rulings. Buffs (talk) 19:27, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I didn't say "any law" (like censorship!), I said "copyright rules". And yes, we should respect to copyright rules, whether it belongs to Iran or China or Europe or everywhere else. ● Mehran Debate● 04:29, 15 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, "copyright "rules" are laws. If such images are banned, then they may not be able to obtain a copyright in their host country...
 * My overall point, though, is that it is not so simple to just say "use what copyright rules are available in their own country".
 * I would also argue that these people COULD get a copyright in other countries (for example, Iran does have consular relations with Switzerland and citizens could get copyrights there that apply worldwide).
 * Lastly, I understand the concept of "fair play". We should give people the opportunity to protect their works through copyright. IMHO, people in the aforementioned countries have the opportunity (especially their government works) and, unless otherwise stated, they are in the Public Domain everywhere except the host country. Buffs (talk) 19:14, 15 January 2012 (UTC)
 * It is also worth noting (see below) that Ethiopia and Eritrea don't even have copyright laws...how are we supposed to treat those images when they don't even have copyright protection in their OWN country? Buffs (talk) 19:14, 15 January 2012 (UTC)

Two days ago, I came across two complex Iranian logos on English Wikipedia. Not knowing about this discussion, I created a template, PD-US-no treaty, because the situation seemed identical to PD-US-1923-abroad. After doing that, User:Buffs notified me about this discussion and asked me to comment.

First of all, I think that it would be useful to have some legal clarification regarding Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Somalia. This document states that there are no copyright relations with Turkmenistan, but this document suggests that works from Turkmenistan may be copyrighted in the United States under the Universal Copyright Convention if published in either Uzbekistan or Turkmenistan after 26 May 1973. Commons:Template:PD-Afghanistan and Commons:Template:PD-Somalia suggest that everything is in the public domain in Afghanistan and Somalia (due to the countries having no copyright laws at all), so it seems that all works from Afghanistan and Somalia are in the public domain in both the source country and in the United States, making them eligible for Commons.

Secondly, I have been thinking a lot about this matter. If a user takes a photo and uploads it here, the user would have to add a statement: "I hereby publish this photo under a free licence. This applies perpetually." Let's say that I would instead add a different statement: "I hereby publish this photo under a free licence. This licence will be repealed if the United States enters copyright relations with Iran." Would you then consider this photo free enough? In this case, we have a situation where the United States legislators have decided that the works of certain countries are in the public domain, but only as long as certain countries don't sign copyright treaties with the United States, so it is essentially the same situation.

In terms of public domain, one could argue like this: if a work is out of copyright because of age (published before 1923, author died long ago and similar reasons), the idea is that the work is meant to remain in the public domain for all future in a certain country. On the other hand, if a work is out of copyright because of lack of relevant treaties, the work is only meant to be in the public domain until relevant treaties have been signed, which makes it less free (free to use now, but maybe not in the future). Maybe one could regard the first situation as free and the second situation as not free enough.

In terms of templates, I think that all of the examples are bad. I think that it is unnecessary to have lots of templates, but it is also a bad idea if the country isn't clearly identified. I think it would be better to have a single template which takes the country as a parameter and adds a per-country category, e.g. . That way, it would be easier to locate all images from any specific country, should they become subject to URAA restoration at some point. With some intelligent coding, the template could also complain if a wrong country is specified. Some other templates already allow you to specify a country, e.g. :

I'm not sure if I want Wikipedia to put any limitations on these images or not since it is a complex situation. If someone decides to put a fair use rationale on any of these images, I don't think that it should be removed since it is practical to have one of those, should the country be subject to relevant treaties at some point. It would save people some time in the future since they could more easily be retagged as unfree. On the other hand, I'm not sure if a fair use rationale should be mandatory; it might be better to make it optional. --Stefan2 (talk) 13:49, 15 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Excellent points. Buffs (talk) 19:05, 15 January 2012 (UTC)


 * FYI: Someone has uploaded a screenshot of the web site for Baghdad University, and someone else reported it for speedy deletion as a copyvio. I happened to be looking at the copyvio category and noticed it, so I moved it to PUF instead: Possibly unfree files/2012 January 19. Since it directly affects this discussion, you might wish to go there and comment the picture. --Stefan2 (talk) 22:39, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

Label Option 1
Label each with a country-specific template which states that the image is PD in the US, but may not be elsewhere. This template can later be updated to indicate usage guidance once we clearly decide how to use images.

Examples:
 * User:Buffs/PD-Afghanistan
 * User:Buffs/PD-Somalia
 * User:Buffs/PD-Ethiopia in US
 * User:Buffs/PD-Eritrea in US
 * User:Buffs/PD-Iraq in US
 * User:Buffs/PD-Iran in US
 * User:Buffs/PD-San Marino in US
 * User:Buffs/PD-Turkmenistan in US
 * User:Buffs/PD-Tuvalu in US

Label Option 1 Support

 * 1) As proposer Buffs (talk) 08:34, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) Bulwersator (talk) 12:53, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) Copyright law is not respected in Iran at all. All Iranians have access to the latest softwares or movies for just 1$. I can assure you that nobody cares about copyright in Iran.  A  MERICOPHILE  20:34, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 4) Support option 1, because Option 2 doesn't make it possible to differentiate between source countries. This would make it harder to identify pictures, if not all this countries establish copyright relations to the United States at the same time. Armbrust, B.Ed. Let's talk about my edits? 13:33, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 5) Support. Separation of them into different countries is good, because if some country in the list suddenly enters into copyright relations with the US, it will be easy to identify all the relevant images. We should still get WMF's opinion on this, though. -- King of &hearts;   &diams;   &clubs;  &spades; 01:36, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 6) Much clearer than option 2. Even better would be the suggestion made above to have one template but individual parameters for each country; that would simplify the template situation without making it any more difficult to sort images by country.  Nyttend (talk) 04:56, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 7) Exactly what King of Hearts said, word for word.  S ven M anguard   Wha?  00:06, 28 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 8) Exactly what Sven Manguard said, word for word. Danger High voltage! 23:16, 29 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 9) Support, per Danger. cmadler (talk) 20:09, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 10) Support - Seems to address all the issues, current and potential future. Rlendog (talk) 19:03, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 11) Exactly what Danger said, word for word. Babakathy (talk) 14:14, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 12) Sensible. --He to Hecuba (talk) 15:23, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 13) Seems to be the best choice to me.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); February 22, 2012; 17:28 (UTC)
 * 14) No-brainer. --Cimon Avaro; on a pogostick. (talk) 19:28, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

Label Option 1 Comments
What's that link in the end of this template? ● Mehran Debate● 06:52, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Nothing. I removed it.  A  MERICOPHILE 10:44, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks. It was left over from previous use, but I forgot to remove it.
 * To answer one of the questions above, the reason to use country-specific templates instead of a flagged option is that we can more readily sort out any countries whose copyright status changes by just clicking the "what links here" button. Buffs (talk) 05:17, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Label Option 2
Label each with a generic template which states that the image is PD in the US, but may not be elsewhere. This template can later be updated to indicate usage guidance once we clearly decide how to use images.

Example:
 * User:Buffs/PD-Only in host country

Label Option 2 Support

 * 1) A viable secondary option to label option 1, but would require more effort to update when/if image status changes. I think country specific is the best option. Buffs (talk) 08:34, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

Label Option 2 Oppose

 * 1) Oppose Too general for me. It would only work, if all this countries establish copyright relations to the United States at the same time. Armbrust, B.Ed. Let's talk about my edits? 13:35, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) Option 1 is definitely better; besides the possibility of such a country entering into relations with the USA, this template prohibits uploads to Commons for all of them. This has the result of prohibiting transfers to Commons of images that would over there be tagged as  .  Nyttend (talk) 04:53, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) Per King of Hearts' reasoning in option 1. There is no reason that we shouldn't split this into separate templates, and a very good reason to split them.  S ven M anguard   Wha?  00:08, 28 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 4) No benefit over option 1, and drawbacks as mentioned above. cmadler (talk) 20:11, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 5) Oppose per Sven Manguard. Babakathy (talk) 13:19, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 6) Doubles workload. Or atleast increases. --Cimon Avaro; on a pogostick. (talk) 19:32, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 1
Images can be used as any PD image can be used, but appropriate labels should be retained as their copyright status could possibly change.

Usage Option 1 Support

 * 1) As proposer Buffs (talk) 08:34, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) Bulwersator (talk) 10:54, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) Iran is a strange country. When the Iranian copyright law is not respected in Iran itself, Why do you think that it must be respected in the US?  A  MERICOPHILE  20:43, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 4) Armbrust, B.Ed. Let's talk about my edits?  13:37, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 5) Definitely.  If we have a useful image published in Mexico before 1923 by someone who died less than a century ago, we happily use it because it's PD-US even though it's still under copyright there.  Why should we treat these any differently?  Nyttend (talk) 04:49, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 6) Per Nyttend. Calliopejen1 (talk) 15:55, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 7) Nyttend said it better already.Danger High voltage! 23:15, 29 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 8) This proposal seems to make the most amount of sense, and also involves the least amount of legal headache for the English Wikipedia. Given that Wikipedia's servers are based in the United States, it should follow U.S. copyright law where it can, with notice that this might not apply elsewhere.  elektrik SHOOS  (talk) 22:19, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 9) Permits use today, consistent with the relevant law, and accommodates revisions later if such revisions become necessary in the future. Rlendog (talk) 19:05, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 1 Oppose

 * 1) Ethically, I think that we shouldn't be ignoring other people's intellectual property rights just because the government of the rights-holder and the government of the country where Wikipedia's servers are don't get along.   S ven M anguard   Wha?  00:17, 28 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose.  Unethical and creates problems both for future Wikipedians and reusers in the likely event that some of these copyrights are restored when these nations join the existing international agreements on copyright.  Dragons flight (talk) 20:22, 1 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose. We know the creator of the image intended to reserve their copyright under the law available to them. We know the reason they are PD in the US it not because of differences in copyright law (e.g. age of copyright differences between Mexico and US), but because the relevant country has not yet got copyright relations with the United States. Honestly, this option feels like the equivalent of wikilawyering. Babakathy (talk) 13:47, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 4) Oppose.  With due respect to the proposers, I find what is being put forward to be highly unethical and distasteful.  Appropriating cultural works created by Iranians or Sammarinese or Ethiopians just "because we can" is not morally justifiable.  Quite apart from the moral dimension, there is also the practical consideration that the copyright status of these works could suddenly change, which could lead to thousands of recently "free" images suddenly becoming unavailable.  Lankiveil (speak to me) 12:49, 22 February 2012 (UTC).
 * 5) We don't slavishly follow copyright laws in all respects; in some areas, we are quite a bit more strict. I think this should reasonably be one of those areas. Just like we choose not to take full advantage of the doctrine of fair use, I think we should act ethically and refuse to take advantage of authors living in failed states or authoritarian regimes that don't participate in IP treaties. Nathan  T 16:33, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 6) In my view, a number of arguments combine to make this approach undesirable. Our philosophy is not "use everything that we legally can", it's much more of "promote liberal legal terms that allow maximum freedom to reuse". The comparison with fair use is instructive. Even when we use that rationale, we don't grab everything to which we could possibly have a fair use claim, it's limited to cases where freely licensed alternatives do not suffice. Also, even if our position is that US law applies to this site, I still think we should try to interpret "public domain" with a view to reusability worldwide. There are two problems here, the fact that public domain status may be limited to the US, and the significant probability that even this status will be lost with future changes in regimes and relations (as with the Soviet Union). Finally, I think even at present the challenge of establishing public domain status for these materials is being treated in too cavalier a fashion. Most of the time we rely on simple, affirmative claims to show something is in the public domain (it was published in Year X, or the author died in Year Y). Here it is not as simple, as the proposed template suggests, as to say that the work was originally published in a country like Iran. You also need to know that it was not published elsewhere within 30 days, and be confident that none of the authors is a national or domiciliary of another country that might cause copyright protection to be extended. In other words, it hinges on important negative claims, and proof of a negative is always harder to come by. Even without getting into the ethical and moral dimensions of how this approach treats the authors, because I don't believe the proponents have unethical intentions, I think there are plenty of reasons not to go this route. --Michael Snow (talk) 18:48, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 7) Ethically, I find this unacceptable.  Just because we can do something doesn't mean we should. --Carnildo (talk) 02:59, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 8) Per Nathan. --ಠ_ಠ node.ue ಠ_ಠ (talk) 04:18, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 9) Ethically dubious, and makes Wikipedia truly free only in the US - not elsewhere. The Cavalry (Message me) 12:23, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 10) For numerous reasons well made by others. If I have anything to contribute, I will do it to the comments section. --Cimon Avaro; on a pogostick. (talk) 19:36, 5 March 2012 (UTC)
 * 11) Per Sven Manguard above and Dragons flight. Also, a carte blanche for using such items would take away the healthy incentive of actually working towards getting real, cleanly licensed free images, and would open us up to a flood of low-quality "found it on the web" images that we really shouldn't even want to use. Fut.Perf. ☼ 08:40, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 1 Comments
SM, I don't think we are ignoring their rights in any way. Their rights stop at the border of Iran and they publish documents knowing this. Moreover, nothing prevents them from obtaining copyrights in other countries (like Switzerland) to protect copyright internationally. The fact that they have intentionally chosen not to do this leads me to believe they have no intention of protecting their copyrights abroad at this time. Buffs (talk) 02:49, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Buffs I do not think that is a realistic comment. How many people know the details of copyright law in their own country? And it can be a little complex. I am travelling to Ethiopia later today and if I take a photo I am not even sure which law applies: Ethiopian, being the location of the action or Zimbabwean, being my citizenship? (Not that it actually matters as I release my uploads and post into PD as a rule anyway but you get the point) And I kind of suspect that if I chatted with a local photographer it is not so likely he would know that his copyright is only valid in Ethiopia and not in US.... Babakathy (talk) 05:54, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Buffs I don't think you have any conceptualization of how difficult it is for an individual to go through the process of filing for copyright internationally for every image that they take. The modern system places copyright on the moment of production because filing applications manually takes a long time, and is complicated. In the case of international filings, it requires working knowledge of another language. If you took 47 digital pictures on your camera, it would require 47 forms. What you're asking is just not a feasible option for all but the largest corporations.  S ven M anguard   Wha?  17:05, 17 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Sven, the difficulty or ease of use is irrelevant. What you are saying is that, just because it is easier to copyright a photo in the US, we should extend that right to those in countries on "the list". I vehemently disagree. Our laws are written a certain way, as are theirs. It is hardly our responsibility to extend rights to people in nations who have decided not to participate in international treaties. The WMF has clearly ruled below that these images ARE PD. In this portion of the discussion, I haven't seen a decent argument as to why we can't use them as PD now. Should they become re-copyrighted, we will add FURs or remove them (case dependant). I don't see anything difficult or problematic about this. Hell, I'll volunteer to do it myself. Buffs (talk) 18:21, 17 February 2012 (UTC)
 * For the record: the international copyright status of these images has typically been determined by the dictators of the respective countries and not by the people of the respective countries. If we do choose to use lots of images, how long time would we have to delete them if a country decides to join a treaty? According to List of parties to international copyright agreements, Vanuatu will join WCT on 2 March 2012 (which will by the way be the first treaty that the country joins, so maybe the works are PD in the US until then). According to the source, this was announced exactly three months in advance. So: does this mean that we'll have a three-month period to review images from specific countries if we suddenly need to delete a lot of images and add fair use rationales? Would this time be enough? --Stefan2 (talk) 22:40, 17 February 2012 (UTC)
 * "...international copyright status of these images has typically been determined by the dictators of the respective countries and not by the people of the respective countries." That's true in some cases (Iran to some extent), but not most of them (i.e. Afghanistan, Iraq, San Marino). However, that has little bearing on the case at hand
 * "If we do choose to use lots of images, how long time would we have to delete them if a country decides to join a treaty?" Again, not really a factor in how we use the images now. However, it would take mere seconds to delete them, if necessary. As you point out with Vanuatu, it looks like 3 months of lead time. That seems to be MORE than enough time. At the time such a notice appears, we could simply put a delete notice on the page for whatever day the treaty goes into effect and delete those without Fair Use rationales. Buffs (talk) 03:36, 18 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree. Congress may one day change the copyright laws to retroactively cover US pre-1923 US works that are currently out of copyright.  That doesn't prevent us from treating those works as out of copyright protection.  If the law changes, we will need to adapt, and the proposal seems designed to permit us to do so.

Americophile please we are not just talking about Iran: how copyright law is enforced there is not really relevant, especially as we are covering several other countries. Babakathy (talk) 08:18, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

I am not sure I agree with some of the "opposed" based on an objection to using material by living artists. We've never required a check whether the photographer is still alive when using pre-1923 images that are out of copyright protection in the US. Admittedly that would be pretty rare today, but a few years ago less so. Rlendog (talk) 03:00, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I probably could have phrased this better. Even to the extent that existing US copyright laws which permit the use of works by living artists generally restrict the situation to items old enough whereby the situation would be rare, that has still never been part of our criteria.  There has never been a requirement for a cursory check of whether the creator is alive prior to use, nor has there even been a presumption that the creator is dead but if evidence turns up that the creator is still alive then we would not use the image on Wikipedia.  Nor has there been such a process for items where the US copyright lapsed due to a technicality.  As such it seems inconsistent to object to using images that are not subject to copyright in the US due to treaty issues on the basis that the artist may be alive. Rlendog (talk) 17:19, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

I find it odd that people are opposing based upon "just because we can doesn't mean we should". Whether we should or shouldn't is an ethical question, not a legal one. Because we can...we can use the images. Buffs (talk) 04:48, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia can decide to hold itself to a more restrictive standard than we are legally permitted. Notwithstanding the fact that I don't see an ethical problem here, as described above certainly not an ethical issue for which we make restrictions for items subject to US copyright law. Rlendog (talk) 17:22, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 2
Despite their PD status in the US, images under these criteria should use FURs and be treated as a non-free image until such time as the WMF gives a ruling. Since the images require such lengthy approval process, they should be retained to the maximum extent possible until WMF gives an opinion on how they should be used.

Usage Option 2 Support

 * 1) As proposer, but prefer option 1 over option 2 Buffs (talk) 08:34, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 2 Oppose

 * 1) No need to respect the Iranian copyright law at all.  A  MERICOPHILE  20:46, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * What about San Marino? Turkmenistan? Ethiopia?  S ven M anguard   Wha?  00:22, 28 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 1) If there is no copyright relation, that it doesn't need to be respected. Armbrust, B.Ed. Let's talk about my edits?  13:38, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) Copying my rationale from option 3, since I commented there first and don't see a substantive difference between the two.  Whether or not Iranians respect their own laws is not relevant here, but highly relevant is the fact that these images are PD-US and copyrighted in their countries of origin.  It's quite absurd to suggest that the English Wikipedia can do whatever it wants with L.H.O.O.Q. because it's PD-US but must pretend that we're bound by the laws of a country that has no copyright relations with the USA.  Nyttend (talk) 04:45, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) Per Nyttend. Calliopejen1 (talk) 15:55, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 4) For the same reasons as option 3. It's just not needed. cmadler (talk) 20:46, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 5) No need for a temporary policy "until such time as the WMF gives a ruling", I believe they will do so soon. Babakathy (talk) 13:36, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 6) The WMF has given a ruling, which in characteristic fashion, isn't really useful. This option is now moot.   S ven M anguard   Wha?  16:54, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 7) Simply muddies the water, and as per above opinion, overtaken by events. --Cimon Avaro; on a pogostick. (talk) 19:42, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 3
Despite their PD status in the US, images under this tag should be treated as non-free images and utilize a Fair Use Rationale for each use.

Usage Option 3 Support

 * 1) Ethically, I think that we shouldn't be ignoring other people's intellectual property rights just because the government of the rights-holder and the government of the country where Wikipedia's servers are don't get along. Note that I would only apply this for images that are currently under copyright in the home country.   S ven M anguard   Wha?  00:18, 28 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) I concur with Sven Manguard. Babakathy (talk) 13:34, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) Yes.  How we treat creative cultural property should not be based on something as arbitrary as which particular piece of the planet the author was from.  Lankiveil (speak to me) 12:51, 22 February 2012 (UTC).
 * 4) Face the countries will join the various international IP treaties eventually and recent experience on commons suggests that mass deleting when that happens will be a lot harder than people seem to expect.85.210.71.255 (talk) 12:58, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 5) Per Sven. Nathan  T 16:33, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 6) Sven's got the right idea. --Carnildo (talk) 03:07, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 7) Per Sven. --ಠ_ಠ node.ue ಠ_ಠ (talk) 04:18, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 8) Good lord yes. The Cavalry (Message me) 12:24, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 9) Do no harm. -- Cimon Avaro; on a pogostick. (talk) 19:45, 5 March 2012 (UTC)
 * 10) Clean and safe solution, and ethically preferable. Fut.Perf. ☼ 08:42, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 3 Oppose

 * 1) Buffs (talk) 08:34, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 2)  Bulwersator (talk) 10:53, 13 January 2012 (UTC) (Argumentum ad Jimbonem)
 * 3) I can't understand why we must respect the Iranian copyright law when nobody cares about it in Iran itself?  A  MERICOPHILE  20:37, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 4) Armbrust, B.Ed. Let's talk about my edits?  13:39, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 5) Whether or not Iranians respect their own laws is not relevant here, but highly relevant is the fact that these images are PD-US and copyrighted in their countries of origin.  It's quite absurd to suggest that the English Wikipedia can do whatever it wants with L.H.O.O.Q. because it's PD-US but must pretend that we're bound by the laws of a country that has no copyright relations with the USA.  Nyttend (talk) 04:44, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 6) Per Nyttend. Calliopejen1 (talk) 15:56, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 7) For English Wikipedia purposes, as Nyttend points out, all that matters is US legal status. It is PD-US, so no FUR is necessary. cmadler (talk) 20:42, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 8) The images are free under relevant law and should be treated as such. If the legal status changes in the future, that should be addressed at that time. Rlendog (talk) 19:07, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 9) Wikipedia's purpose is to make information and knowledge available. The only limitation to that purpose is legal reasons. If, as in this situation, there are no legal reasons to limit ourselves, then we shouldn't. "Ethics" is quite irrelevant here&mdash;if the rest of the US can use these images, why should Wikipedia impose an arbitrary limit on itself?—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); February 22, 2012; 17:27 (UTC)
 * We do, for the record, place additional restrictions on fair use, making us more restrictive than the law states we have to be.  S ven M anguard   Wha?  17:35, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * You say it like it's a good thing...—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); February 22, 2012; 19:18 (UTC)
 * I think it is. I also have some strong opinions about fair use itself that aren't pertinent to this conversation, but which I plan on publishing soon.  S ven M anguard   Wha?  20:08, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 3 Comments

 * If you support this option, why do you feel that works first published in non-treaty nations deserve more protection than we give to works published in treaty nations? Or, is it your position that works should be free in both the US and the source country, as on Commons? cmadler (talk) 20:51, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * They are PD in the US because of legal technicalities. Those technicalities aside, we're not giving files from non-treaty nations any more protection at all, Wikipedia already honors the copyright laws of nations other than the United States. What I'm advocating is that we ignore the technicalities, and treat all nations as if they were treaty nations.  S ven M anguard   Wha?  16:59, 17 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Just a clarification. English Wikipedia honors *some* copyright/IP laws of other treaty nations, some countries more than others, because compatibility is greater, and laws in some countries are saner than in others. (King James Version Bible -- Crown Copyright in perpetuity) and (Peter Pan -- ISTR recall controlled by the descendants of Barrie in perpetuity and given to charity). Also differing fair use and and familiar rights arise in some cases, in some differing laws handled better than others (attribution, lack of use in a manner defamatory to the author, and integrity of the titled work, just a few to mention a few examples from my own country). --Cimon Avaro; on a pogostick. (talk) 20:02, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 4
Treat the works of all countries as if the Berne Convention (and similar international copyright agreements) applied even though some countries aren't currently participants in such agreements. Hence most images that are subject to copyright in their country of origin would be considered as subject to copyright on Wikipedia as well (subject to the occasional exceptions that Wikipedia has traditionally honored). This is similar to the historical position advanced by Jimbo, and the status quo on Commons (where images must be free of copyright in both the US and their country of origin).

Usage Option 4 Support

 * 1) Dragons flight (talk) 01:35, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) This or #3. Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 16:34, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 4 Oppose

 * 1) Phrasing is all wrong. I am open to a uniform treatment of images (if that's possible). Buffs (talk) 02:16, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose The Berne Convention only applies to signatories, and don't see any reason, why it should be treated differently on the English Wikipedia. Jimbo's positions are only belong to him, and are not binding for the community. Also Commons, a repository for all Wikimedia projects, isn't the same as the English Wikipedia, thus we don't need to follow the same rules. Armbrust, B.Ed. <sup style="color:#E3A857;">Let's talk <sub style="color:#008000;">about my edits?  13:43, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose.  We should not pretend that something is under copyright if it's in the public domain worldwide.  Nyttend (talk) 04:40, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 4) I oppose deletion of more than 1621 images based on argumentum Jimboni Bulwersator (talk) 07:57, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 5) Per Nyttend above, and because it is silly to pretend that a treaty applies to non-signatories. Calliopejen1 (talk) 15:57, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 6) I'm not in favor of adopting any policy that I can't understand after reading twice.   S ven M anguard   Wha?  00:20, 28 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 7) Per Nyttend. cmadler (talk) 20:13, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 8) Per Nyttend and Sven Manguard. Rlendog (talk) 19:08, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 9) Oppose, way too complicated. Babakathy (talk) 13:24, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 10) Hell no.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); February 22, 2012; 17:29 (UTC)
 * 11) I don't think this is what Jimbo intended. There are are allways common sense exceptions. Too far into the other direction in term of hidebound application without thinking about what is ñot right. --Cimon Avaro; on a pogostick. (talk) 20:11, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 4 Comments
Do you realize by implementing this protocol, there are quite literally thousands of images from the US alone and more from other countries that you are proposing we treat as copyrighted even though they are in the public domain? Buffs (talk) 02:14, 16 January 2012 (UTC)


 * Such images are in the public domain everywhere (and already covered by treaties), so I fail to see why you think this proposal would change that. I'm merely say that we apply the treaty conventions as if they had force for all nations.  The example you raise appears irrelevant to that.  Dragons flight (talk) 02:27, 16 January 2012 (UTC)


 * So, this applies only to works that aren't already covered by treaties? How would you go about treating images that (some) countries claim indefinite copyright on? Buffs (talk) 05:46, 16 January 2012 (UTC)


 * The US Code implements all the requirements of Berne Treaty, but already includes the limitation that foreign works are not protected for longer than comparable works authored by US citizens would be protected. Hence, no perpetual copyright in the US regardless of where originally published which is an entirely reasonable approach.  US copyright laws are actually relatively consistent in how they treat foreign and domestic works except that the US does not recognize any rights in foreign works from non-treaty states.  All I'm suggesting is that we treat all foreign works the same way that we already treat foreign works from treaty states.  (Nearly all states are already treaty states anyway.)  Dragons flight (talk) 05:55, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
 * "Hence, no perpetual copyright in the US regardless of where originally published..." I agree entirely. But you are applying US law to come to that conclusion, not the Berne Treaty (or URAA for that matter). Why does US law not apply to images that do not have a copyright within the US? This seems completely inconsistent since you want to shorten some copyrights in some other countries (like those that have indefinite or longer copyrights than the US) and extend it for others (such as Iran, Somalia, etc). This doesn't make much sense to me. I guess my point is that if you are going to apply US law, then just apply it all around and annotate which works are protected outside the US and which ones are PD in perpetuity. Buffs (talk) 08:20, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 5

 * While images created by citizens of countries that are not Berne or TRIPS signatories are in the public domain currently in the absence of integration into the global copyright treaties, these images will become fully copyrighted should the involved countries (Afghanistan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, Iran, San Marino and Turkmenistan) sign the relevant treaties. Iran and many other countries (including Afghanistan, Iraq, and Ethiopia) are trying to join the World Trade Organization which requires them to ratify Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and/or sign the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works which would grant copyright protection worldwide.
 * This will most likely lead to a situation which Wikipedians and particularly Commons contributors may remember from 2006, the Commons:Template:PD-Soviet case where:
 * Russia joined the Berne Convention on May 13, 1995: Since 1993, Russia had had a copyright law that placed Soviet/Russian works published after 1943 (or 1939 for veterans of WWII) or where the author died later under copyright. The Berne Convention very clearly states that any works protected in a joining country on the date it joins become protected in the other member countries. Thus a "pre-1973" rule on Soviet works outside Russia is invalid since 1995/1996, in the U.S. and also in other members of the Berne Convention.
 * The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation from June 19, 2006. decided (decision (in Russian)) that the 50-year copyright term defined in the Russian copyright law of 1993 (No. 5351-1) was retroactive and even restored the copyright on works on which the old 25-year copyright from the old Soviet code had elapsed.
 * There was a legal case on that matter in the US: The case Films by Jove, Inc. v. Berov, 154 F. Supp. 2nd (2nd Cir. 2001) and 250 F. Supp. 2nd 432 (2nd Cir. 2003). This was a complicated case about a copyright infringement (committed in the U.S.) on Soviet cartoons. The case was about many different Soviet animated films published from 1936 to 1991. Some of these films were of Cheburashka, which is considered by many people in Russia a kind of national property; the childrens' books that served as the base for these films were written by Eduard Uspensky in 1966. In that case (154 F. Supp. 2nd at 448) the court clearly stated that these were "restored works", i.e. works that had their copyright in the U.S. restored under the URAA (17 USC 104A). (see From Itar-TASS to Films by Jove: The Conflict of Laws Revolution in International Copyright
 * Furthermore content tagged with "Public Domain" can be used commercially which could be a great problem particularly for people who are redistributing offline/printed versions of such works. This would also be a problem for NGO efforts like OLPC whom may be unknowingly trafficking freely licensed content of which the license may expire.
 * Hence it would be better for Wikipedia for these images to be tagged with fair-use since their "public domain" status will be revoked should the countries involved sign the relevant international treaty. This would save us the hassle that would arise otherwise.

While content created by residents of Afghanistan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, or San Marino, and published in one of these countries are not protected by US copyright law until they become party to bilateral or international copyright agreements, they are still treated as fully copyrighted unless they are freely licensed by some other mean. [feel free to expand on the idea]

Usage Option 5 Support

 * 1) No one would go off to process gazillions of images that suddenly become copyrighted. Most such uploads would be deleted in bulk should the treaty is signed. That said tagging images based on their country of origin independent of the license template is indeed a good idea. -- A Certain White Cat chi? 19:08, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) I support the sentiment behind this (though the wording could be better).  Images that are "public domain until treaty is signed", shouldn't be treated the same as the rest of the "public domain".  I creates problems for future Wikipedians and problems for reusers.  (Not to mention is an ethical quagmire as I discussed further up the page).  Treating them as if they were copyrighted and subject to fair use, for the purposes of deciding inclusion in Wikipedia, avoids the foreseeable problems of copyright restoration arising from likely future participation in international agreements.  Dragons flight (talk) 20:08, 1 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) Images that are "public domain until treaty is signed", shouldn't be treated the same as the rest of the "public domain" captures this whole case in a nutshell. Babakathy (talk) 14:00, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 4) Prefer over #3 or #4. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 16:37, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 5) --ಠ_ಠ node.ue ಠ_ಠ (talk) 04:18, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 6) Essentially the same as usage option 3, so I'll support it.   S ven M anguard   Wha?  15:31, 23 February 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 5 Oppose

 * 1) First of all, the phrasing of this is all wrong for a policy. Second, The characterization (as explained in other comments by me below) of the case is somewhat off. Third, the clear majority of those WPians who have chosen to voice an opinion in this section have shown support toward using US-PD images as PD images. To do otherwise requires severe complications with respect to international law. Moreover, this seems to be more of a labeling proposal, not a usage question. How we label them and how we use them are completely different portions of this proposal. Lastly, what some NGO or other entity does with these images is irrelevant to the discussion of our usage on WP. Buffs (talk) 23:43, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose per Buffs. Armbrust, B.Ed. <sup style="color:#E3A857;">Let's talk <sub style="color:#008000;">about my edits?  11:53, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) per Buffs. Rlendog (talk) 19:09, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 4) Are we going to second-guess what kind of treaties and laws will be passed in the future for every situation? If the scenario outlined here ever happens, we'll deal with it then.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); February 22, 2012; 17:32 (UTC)
 * 5) per Ezhiki Bulwersator (talk) 15:23, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 6) If Wikimedia should take any stance on TRIPS, it should be to not to mention TRIPS at all, and try to not get tripped up by it in practise. Many things about TRIPS are *evil*. Worst option so far.--Cimon Avaro; on a pogostick. (talk) 20:25, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

Usage Option 5 Comments

 * Seems to be putting the cart before the horse. (See comments below). Buffs (talk) 23:43, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Additionally, the labeling of such images is a separate issue, so the second to last paragraph is irrelevant. Buffs (talk) 23:52, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Actually what people do with our content is very relevant. There is a reason why the content is freely licensed and even commercially available. Our use of WP isn't just the website. A change in policy requires tens of votes not a few. Hardly anyone is aware of this discussion. It should be posted on various noticeboards and the village pump. Largest vote is 9 and that doesn't really constitute as a massive majority. This post is a product of what is discussed below. -- A Certain White Cat chi? 19:13, 1 February 2012 (UTC)
 * No, what others do with it is both ethically and legally none of our responsibility. We have five disclaimers that completely relieve us of all such responsibility: Content disclaimer, General disclaimer, Legal disclaimer, Medical disclaimer, and Risk disclaimer. We choose to label the sources of our images and provide a Fair Use Rationale, but that is not legally required. Likewise, if someone takes material from us and uses it, all they really need to do is properly attribute it. They can use it wherever they wish and in whatever manner they wish. If they take a copyrighted image (for which we have a valid Fair Use Rationale) and use it to decorate their webpage, they are responsible when the copyright holder sues them, not us.
 * A change in policy requires people to voice their opinion. This discussion has been included on the template which is posted on the village pump. Since there is no opposition at this time, I'd say we have a consensus on how to label things, but not necessarily in how we use such images.
 * There is no set "minimum" for a policy change; certainly not "tens".
 * I never said that 9 constituted any sort of majority of users, however, of those that have chosen to voice an opinion, it constitutes a majority in this subject (16 people have voiced opinions). A majority does NOT necessarily form a consensus. As we are waiting on WMF to drop down a ruling of some kind on the subject, these discussions are merely academic. At a bare minimum, we shouldn't move forward until we hear their opinion. Buffs (talk) 19:58, 1 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Your position that what others do is irrelevant is not at all in accordance with the views of the people who founded and manage Wikipedia at the Foundation level. I think many Wikipedians, and all the board members I've talked to, consider the ability of our content to be redistributed and republished to be one of our major virtues.  So much so that is was one of the motivations for using an open source license (at a time when such licenses were uncommon for text), rather than going the more traditional route of writing a Wikipedia specific licensing agreement.  Similarly, Board level resolutions require us to label non-free content to help upstream users make accurate decisions.  We care the our content is reusable.  We do make trade-offs, such as allowing content that is reusable in the US but not necessarily everywhere else.  Such trade-offs involve value judgments, and not every such decision will be friendly towards reuse, but the hassle imposed on reusers is certainly something we should consider.  Dragons flight (talk) 20:20, 1 February 2012 (UTC)

The bottom line is that we want to avoid copyright infringement. We cannot control what people do with images outside of Wikipedia (we can certainly make requests, but we don't control it), so we should focus on properly using images we do have and making sure they are properly labeled for everyone else's use. In this instance, I want to make it clear that in the case you pointed out, the people were sued for copyright infringement for uses after copyright was restored and after they ignored a cease-and-desist letter. We simply won't be sued for copyright infringement because we respond to copyright claims vigorously, accurately, and promptly.

Given the problems we had with PD-Soviet, I think it is worth taking due diligence should anything become copyrighted to determine what images should be kept under Fair Use claims, but that's really a separate issue. Buffs (talk) 19:58, 1 February 2012 (UTC)

Break for additional comments 1

 * Comment: This discussion is still going? This is a matter for the Wikimedia Foundation to decide. We cannot decide to declare images freely licensed unless we can quote a law or some other legally binding document establishing free-license or free-license-like (PD) copyright status. My guess is foundation isn't in the business of exploiting loopholes in laws. -- A Certain White Cat chi? 03:03, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, the discussion is still continuing.
 * I've quoted both the law and the US Copyright Office's stand on images of this nature. If that isn't definitive enough for you, I don't know what can be. The issue is not the status of the images (which are PD in the US), but rather how we treat them and utilize them within WP.
 * What you mischaracterize (demonize?) as a "loophole" seems pretty clear to me as clear-cut law/policy within the U.S. The Foundation doesn't pay taxes as they are a non-profit organization, but I doubt you will categorize their failure to pay taxes as "exploiting a loophole". I certainly won't. Please stop being so hostile and just deal with the facts. Denying that the images in question are PD makes you sound unreasonable. Buffs (talk) 04:04, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Added and a short synopsis to garner new opinions from "the masses". Buffs (talk) 04:12, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm going to ask User:Moonriddengirl her opinion on the legal issues. I know she doesn't normally deal with images but given her experience of dealing with the foundation's legal staff her opinion may be useful. Dpmuk (talk) 04:50, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Why not just email Geoff directly? (Or another of the WMF's lawyers, for that matter.) / ƒETCH COMMS  /  05:22, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Because, in my opinion, given the copyright office circular, this is not worth wasting their time on as the legal position seems completely clear to me and I know some time back they were stupidly busy. As I said on Moonriddengirl's talk page I'm more asking whether they think (in their volunteer capacity) this is worth kicking upstairs than their opinion on whether they are PD. If  either Moonriddengirl or a couple more people here say they think it's worth kicking upstairs then I'll do so.  Dpmuk (talk) 05:34, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * P.S. Should add that as I've never dealt directly with them I also have little idea of what we do actually kick upstairs. Dpmuk (talk) 05:35, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * They are currently evaluating the URAA situation on Commons. Regarding this situation, I can almost guarantee that their response would be that the images are legally fine to host, but that it is up to the community to decide whether or not they are "free" enough to keep on the English Wikipedia. They tend to defer all such touchy-feely content decisions to the community. Kaldari (talk) 09:11, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * A similar discussion was taken place on the Persian Wikipedia about fair use media files in Iran. As the discussion was getting heated, it seemed to be harder to reach a consensus. Finally, we decided to ask the foundation what to do. User:Huji accepted to communicate with the foundation and after a long time they just responded:
 * "I apologize for not getting back to you earlier. I discussed this matter with the General Counsel and we agreed that it is not the Foundation's place to take an official position on this matter. Our position on fair use has been established. However, individual language communities may apply that policy more narrowly if they wish in order to comply with local law. But ultimately it is a community decision."
 * IMHO, the English Wikipedia is much more important than the Persian one to the WMF, so they may respond you much earlier and in detail. You can also ask User:Huji for the details.  A  MERICOPHILE 17:52, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * A reason to why it is useful to contact the foundation is also that we need an accurate list of all relevant countries. There are some problems with this (see above) since different sources list slightly different countries. --Stefan2 (talk) 13:34, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I am sorry but the examples presented here are irrelevant. The point is we want the images to remain freely licensed FOREVER. If you were to take a look at this, you'll see that works "created by a resident of Afghanistan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, or San Marino, and published in one of these countries" are "not protected by US copyright law until they become party to bilateral or international copyright agreements". Keyword is "until" and that is why this is a bad idea. These can become copyrighted and that is a situation we want to avoid.
 * The reason we do not care about how Germany lacks fair use laws because we have Case Law that establishes legal basis to guide us (google search). Same reason for pre 1923 PD images based on numerous examples of Case Law and even then 1923 isn't a golden rule with many exceptions. Your proposal has no legal basis unfortunately. While an interesting academic discussion for law, it is more than insufficient to be usable on Wikipedia. There are potential legal consequences of giving temporary copyright free status to images.
 * On an unrelated note, it is distressing that Farsi wikipedia seemingly is disregarding foundation input in regards to Iranian copyright law where we expect vast majority of Farsi speakers to live in. There is only one reason foundation steps in to override community decisions historically and that is over copyright. There even is binding policy to this end.
 * -- A Certain White Cat chi? 22:38, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * White Cat, you "want the images to remain freely licensed FOREVER." That's fine, but it isn't reality and it isn't a reasonable expectation. Every image can become copyrighted if a country changes its laws. Basing our policies/guidelines on pure speculation about how something might happen in the future is ridiculous. It quite simply can't be done.
 * How is 1923 not a "golden rule" for images on the Commons?
 * We don't base policy solely on case law, but the law itself. If no court cases are present, are you advocating that we do nothing in that realm even if it is completely legal?
 * Lastly, you don't speak for WMF. Acting as if your opinions are WMF dictates is absurd. In short, I see no reason for your opinions to carry any weight since they are entirely based on speculation and WP:copyright paranoia. Buffs (talk) 23:16, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I think that the main point is that US law is designed so that these works won't remain in the public domain forever; they will only be in the public domain until the United States signs any applicable copyright treaty with the relevant states. Upon doing so, the works will become copyrighted in the United States under the URAA. I mentioned this somewhere earlier in the discussion. The statement at foundation:Resolution:Licensing policy does not seem to disallow material which is only temporarily free, although this might be a mistake in the policy. Of course, some of the works might enter the public domain in the source country before a treaty is signed, and in that case they would be ineligible to URAA protection. There is also the special case with Afghanistan in that there is no copyright law at all in the source country, meaning that everything is free there too. --Stefan2 (talk) 23:33, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * As Moonriddengirl offered, in her official role, to get an opinion for us I've now taken her up on this offer. Let's wait and see what the foundation has to say.  My request is here. Dpmuk (talk) 23:38, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Fine. But the question remains as to how the images should be tagged in the meantime. I think it is best to label them with the aforementioned labels for now as it will make them MUCH easier to identify when/if the WMF gets us an answer. Right now, they aren't labeled with anything and that too is problematic. I'm going to go ahead and do that now in order to preserve the images as-is and to give fair warning for those who try to use the images. I'm doing so with the understanding that the result of this discussion and/or WMF input will over-ride any action I take now. Buffs (talk) 03:20, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * FWIW, I will also annotate that the images and their usage are under dispute. To not do so would be disingenuous. Buffs (talk) 03:22, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Seems reasonable to me as long as it's done in a neutral way, which I'm sure it will be. Dpmuk (talk) 03:25, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Done for the following images: 1 2 3 4 5 6. If anyone should take issue with the manner in which these were added or the message attached to these tags, PLEASE feel free to edit them as necessary (to include the tag on my user page). Buffs (talk) 04:26, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I do not object you tagging images based on country. In fact I would openly support it. I however object you determining a copyright exemption based on that. This is because we know these images will become fully copyrighted once the necessary international agreements are signed, it is merely a matter of time. This isn't a case of Germany or US changing their copyright law which is unexpected but if it happens we would have to adjust to the change as required by law. Such modifications to laws typically have clauses explaining the transition to the change as well.
 * 1923 is not a golden rule in commons (or here) because there are exceptions to the copyright expiration. Bambi, A Life in the Woods for example despite being published prior to 1923 in Austria is still copyrighted. It will be in the public domain on 2022. This is rare but there exist some examples in case law that are an exception to the 1923 rule. Copyright is anything but easy or clear cut.
 * -- A Certain White Cat chi? 10:42, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * What does you object to "determining a copyright exemption based on that" mean? I'm confused. Are you saying the images are not PD in the US? Moreover, there is no "copyright exemption" (as this implies that something is exempt from copyright) at play here. It is quite literally copyrighted in one country and those copyright protections end at the border.
 * "This is because we know these images will become fully copyrighted once the necessary international agreements are signed, it is merely a matter of time." You act as if the papers are just waiting for a head of state to sign them, when, in fact, they've been soundly rejected in Iran and other places. These countries have no intention of signing them. It isn't a "matter of time" at all. It isn't inevitable that they will sign them and basing our policy on that flawed logic is a bad idea, IMHO.
 * Bambi was published in 1923, not before 1923, so any role you attribute to it WRT determining if it is PD just doesn't apply. It seems to be pretty clear to me that the book met all the publication requirements to retain copyright status.
 * "Copyright is anything but easy or clear cut." As a whole, I guess we agree, but there are some easy things that are quite clearly copyrighted and others that quite clearly are not. This situation, I think, quite clearly falls in the latter category and no where near the murky middle. Buffs (talk) 22:11, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Do read Bambi, A Life in the Woods's section on copyright. It is hardly clear cut as there were two court cases and the matter still is controversial. This was intended as an example on how even clear cut rules aren't necessarily rock solid.
 * My logic isn't flawed. Should any signatory of the Berne convention and/or other such IP treaty sign an agreement between each other, the copyright protection may extend all the way to the US. The "Public domain" claim would not necessarily hold in court even today despite what cornell.edu website claims. For instance Iran is working to join the WTO just like many other countries including Afghanistan, Iraq, and Ethiopia which are on your/cornell.edu list. So yes, it is a matter of time. Signatories of WTO must comply with Berne convention per TRIPS. Even if they do not join in the near future this is one of the first things candidates will ratify in order to continue negotiations. Iran and US do not need to sign bilateral agreements to have IP laws apply.
 * I guess my concern isn't clear. To illustrate, let me give to problems your proposal creates:
 * Opens wikipedia to a potential lawsuit. Particularly, printed and offline copies of the content you are trying to mark as PD will become a liability whenever the involved countries ratify TRIPS which can happen in the upcoming years.
 * Opens wikipedia to censorship. Signing TRIPS would allow Iran to enforce its copyright outside of its borders. Consider Iran forcing the collection of hard copies of Wikipedia because they do not agree with some of the content we write and use copyright violation as an excuse.
 * -- A Certain White Cat chi? 04:16, 29 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Your scenarios are inherently flawed and amount to just copyright paranoia.
 * In the first instance, they do not become a liability as ex post facto applies. In the US, the law is very clear on this: you cannot be charged civilly or criminally with a crime/infraction that was legal to do at the time you did it, but subsequently became illegal. While we cannot continue to publish them and additional copies still under our control should be destroyed, we cannot be held responsible for printed copies not under our control. I defy you to find ANY case law that supports your assertion. I can find a BUNCH that support mine: Calder v. Bull, Bouie v. City of Columbia, Stogner v. California, etc.
 * In the second, should ANY country decide to abuse its authority, it could sue to attempt to censor all or part of Wikipedia. In fact, the FBI tried to do just that!!! And they failed!!!
 * The censorship angle simply won't happen in the U.S., but even if it were a concern, use or non-use of these images would have nothing to do with it. Buffs (talk) 07:33, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

Break for additional comments 2

 * None of those cases are related to intellectual property and copyright treaties. I do not see their relevance. What would be the copyright of works in countries that are late(r) signatories to TRIPS and/or Berne convention? That is the question here. Websites would be required to take down the content and printed material would need to be collected. At that point it becomes a crime to keep making derivatives, to keep freely distributing the content, or to keep making copies of the content that was in the Public Domain prior. This is why your approach is very problematic. This is what happened with PD-Soviet. Please see: commons:Template:PD-Soviet, you are greatly undermining the effect of international treaties on copyright. "The Berne Convention very clearly states that any works protected in a joining country on the date it joins become protected in the other member countries." Images are indeed PD NOW but will not be PD when countries sign TRIPS or Berne. -- A Certain White Cat chi? 18:28, 29 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Just because the cases don't directly involve copyrights doesn't mean the principles don't apply. If you can't see how the principles of US law apply procedurally, I can't help you on that.
 * "''Websites would be required to take down the content..." Not exactly. The applicability of Fair Use would still apply and that content could still be used in that capacity
 * "...and printed material would need to be collected." I don't get where you somehow believe this is a requirement. You somehow believe that every physical copy of a news broadcast that used an image under these conditions would somehow need to be collected including those held by private citizens. If I write a book and sell a book that includes screenshots from Iranian television, I am somehow required to go find every person that bought my book and confiscate it? That's absurd! I've seen nothing in any legal document/case which shows otherwise and you've presented nothing other than your personal opinion. This is merely uninformed and misguided speculation on your part and is why I keep referring to Avoid copyright paranoia.
 * "At that point it becomes a crime to keep making derivatives, to keep freely distributing the content, or to keep making copies of the content that was in the Public Domain prior." At least we agree on these points. That is why it is so important to label them correctly so that if we do use it (either as Fair Use or as PD) or others use it, everyone knows what they are using. Perhaps we need to add a tag line that says something to the effect that "if Iran signs the URAA, this file may lose its status as a PD..." or something like that.
 * Buffs (talk) 02:46, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree with Buffs's suggestion in the last bullet above, that these templates should carry an additional caution that if Iran (or San Marino, or...) signs the treaty, the file may lose the PD status. cmadler (talk) 21:03, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I have given you a case law example of a US court upholding copyright decision based on the case law of a Russian court for PD-Soviet case. Clearly you have not read it. We were forced to mass delete images because of this. All of the images you are talking about that are indeed in the public domain currently WILL NEED TO BE DELETED in bulk the moment the treaty is signed based on our experience with PD-Soviet as case law guides us. We have taken down content in bulk - really good content too such as images in regards to Soviet space pogram - because it was impossible to deal with so many images at once on a case by case basis. It had wasted a lot of time. This is not a case of something obscure that might happen and instead is something that had happened before. The reason why magazines aren't collected is because they are a news source and they get to enjoy fair-use clause. The difference with us is we are not JUST an encyclopedia.
 * How are you going to go off to find every printed copy to mark it as fair use? How will you establish fair-use rationale, source and other criteria the instant bill is signed to all involved images at once? Do you not see how difficult what you suggest makes life for people whom only get an offline copy of the freely licensed content? Content on wikipedia can be downloaded for offline use under the banner of NGO projects such as OLPC. An OLPC project sending laptops to a country where fair-use does not exist (say Germany) will have a serious problem in their hands if they discover they now need to hunt down scores of content that they thought were in the public domain. Such laptops do not always have access to internet after they are given away to children. This is just one example. By marking something PD you are telling people they can use it commercially so such an image can be printed on T-shirts, billboards, on aircraft and even more.
 * To be on the safe side such images should be marked under fair-use since they will become copyrighted in the near future when these countries sign TRIPS or Berne or other such treaties. This way the content will be stable and everyone will know what they are dealing with. Marking them in the public domain has far too many negative implications and no good gain.
 * -- A Certain White Cat chi? 10:50, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I think that the German example is bad. First of all, all countries allow some kind of fair use as guaranteed by the Berne Convention, but countries may have more restrictive rules than the US. I'm not sure about Germany, but in Sweden fair use only applies to text, so most of Wikipedia's fair use claims are invalid in Sweden. Secondly, a German reuser would already have to avoid using many images marked as "free" on Wikipedia because Germany applies 70 years p.m.a. on US works whereas the United States applies different terms (so PD-US, PD-US-no notice, PD-self, PD-USGov and the like say nothing about the copyright status in Germany). A PD-US-Iran tag would just add an extra check for German reusers.
 * If you already have a copy on your computer, I think that you can keep it for as long as you wish even if the law changes, so the offline laptops wouldn't have to be updated.
 * Having followed this discussion, I think that it would be good to be very clear with the applicable terms of these images on the file information page. Instead of a normal "PD" or "non-free" template, use special templates which specify the country of the items and that they are currently PD in the US but not necessarily in other countries (are San Marinese items copyrighted in Italy, for example?) and that the US copyright status may change at any time. If the image is allowed under the fair use clause of the US copyright law, specify a fair use rationale so that it already is available when/if the copyright status changes. If fair use isn't allowed, I'm not sure what to do (keep anyway but delete immediately without checking if the copyright status changes or treat the images as not free enough).
 * --Stefan2 (talk) 13:56, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Germany has no kind of "educational use". This is why German wikipedia has no fair use. Also late(r) signatories of TRIPS tend to have far more restrictive copyright law than their counterparts as the article on TRIPS suggests. I'd wager, the files are in the public domain currently for every country who does not have a direct copyright agreement with the mentioned countries including Germany which will change once TRIPS or Berne is signed.
 * Keeping an illegal copy of a file in your drive (or hosting it) is a crime. It is in essence a bootleg. The likelihood of you getting sued over keeping a local copy is low as an individual but if you have thousands to hundreds of thousands of copies of the same file in thousands to hundreds of thousands of laptops (like OLPC) it is a different story then. We want keeping offline copies of Wikipedia a reliable task.
 * -- A Certain White Cat chi? 14:59, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I did read the Soviet/Russian-American court case you mentioned. I even commented on it above. With regards to the items with a restored copyright, those people were sued for infringement of copyrights only for uses AFTER the copyright was restored and even then it was only after they received a cease-and-desist letter and kept using copyrighted material anyway. In no case were they charged with copyright infringement for actions taken prior to copyrights being restored. The courts did not require the collection/destruction of any materials they made that were later restored copyrights.
 * No, keeping a copy on your drive is NOT illegal as long as you do not distribute it. If you download it from their site, they made it accessible for viewing on a computer. When you look at a web page, that image is downloaded and stored on your hard drive (that's how the internet works). It is no different from possessing a magazine that you purchased. The only difference here is that you got it for free instead of paying for it. However, hosting it for others to download IS indeed a crime.
 * Lastly, we don't necessarily need to delete every image should it's copyright status change. There may be Fair Use applications which could trump deletion. Buffs (talk) 20:40, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Exactly, these files are in the public domain as of this post! However, once these countries sign the treaty (say TRIPS) they will become copyrighted, this will lead to lawsuits and etc. Wikipedia did not wait to be sued to take down PD-Soviet tagged images. Commons slowly deleted the ones that cannot maintain a free license through other means. The copyright holder can demand the collection of all infringing material if they so much as desire. Often copyright holders just settle the lawsuit outside of the court before completing the trial though.
 * Temporarily downloading copyrighted content on the internet for technical reasons such as buffering videos or temporarily downloading images to view webpages is explicitly allowed by law. However keeping illegal copies of content is still illegal. People have been sued for the number of mp3s they had by MPAA in the past, not because they are hosting it. Also with projects like OLPC you would be importing copyrighted content with the laptop into different countries or distributing it along with the laptop itself. It creates all sorts of problems if freely licensed content suddenly becomes fully copyrighted.
 * The reality is Wikipedians and administrators will not attempt to write fair-use rationales, find sources and etc to meet fair-use related needs should things unfold like how PD-Soviet was handled, and trust me that is exactly what would happen. A lot of decent fair-use images would end up getting deleted because the total number of needed work to mark everything would overwhelm us. This has always been the driving factor of mass file deletions. There are 5 or 6 images to worry about currently but if your proposal comes into effect we would have scores and scores of content with public domain status at the leaders of the mentioned countries.
 * -- A Certain White Cat chi? 22:03, 30 January 2012 (UTC)
 * "this will lead to lawsuits and etc." No, it will NOT likely lead to lawsuits. First of all, as you pointed out, those images PD-Soviet images were removed on sight, more-or-less. Of course that led to images being deleted that could have included a FUR, but it didn't lead to any lawsuits. Second of all, a person must have standing to bring a lawsuit: if the owner of a business sues another the Federal government over "Obamacare" and subsequently goes out of business, they do not have standing to bring a lawsuit. If we remove images from our servers, they will not have standing to bring a suit and the lawsuit will be thrown out. Moreover, as an encyclopedia, despite our Fair Use policy, we can use images under Fair Use without any justification. Any lawsuit brought under these conditions is quite likely to fail on a number of issues, namely, that we would remove any offending files as soon as we were notified of a problem. YouTube hosts all kinds of non-free content, but it isn't sued because it removes any offending content when someone notifies them of an infringement.
 * "People have been sued for the number of mp3s they had by MPAA in the past, not because they are hosting it." They were sued for sharing it via peer-to-peer networks and/or possessing mp3s that they did not have the rights to (i.e. they downloaded it from someone else who shared it illegally). That is a COMPLETELY different issue from this.
 * WP:TLDR version: Should the copyright status of these files change, we WILL get rid of them or provide FURs IAW our policy and we won't be sued (despite LOTS of copyrighted images being incorrectly uploaded, WP has never been successfully sued for copyright infringement). Buffs (talk) 01:30, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia never waits for actual lawsuits to delete content. If an avenue opens with changes in the law (even through case law) or the signing of copyright agreements images will get deleted. We will not wait for copyright holder to come knocking on our door. This was the case with how PD-Soviet was treated. You would have illegally downloaded the copy of the copyrighted content even if it was in the public domain at the time. When I say this do not think as an individual but as an organization such as OLPC. The idea is to properly tag these images under fair use (even though they are PD in the meanwhile) to avoid being forced to deal with it in the future.
 * Also mind that wikipedia is not just an encyclopedia. We should only AND only mark content with a free license if we are sure it will not become fully copyrighted eventually.
 * -- A Certain White Cat chi? 16:51, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
 * We respond to copyright holders' complaints all the time. We also respond to legal challenges/lawsuits, though most are peripheral to copyright law. I understand that you and others want to limit such images to Fair Use within WP. So, we will have to agree to disagree on those points. From what I can see above, your opinion is the minority view.
 * Let's see what the WMF says (see above) and we will work from there. It looks to me like it boils down to "label them as a special case of PD and use 'em as Fair Use" or "label them as a special case of PD and use 'em as PD". Perhaps the WMF will eliminate one of the options. Buffs (talk) 17:40, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Late add with respect to "You would have illegally downloaded the copy of the copyrighted content even if it was in the public domain at the time."
 * For the last time, no you wouldn't. At the time, it would have been perfectly legal for you to download and you could NOT be charged with a crime or sued for that action. If, on the other hand, when the item changed to "copyrighted" status, if you decided to keep that despite the fact that you knew it copyrighted and/or you received a legal notice to delete/remove it, then, yes you could be sued. WP will never get to that point as we will happily remove files to comply with the DMCA.
 * Clearly, you do not understand the concept of ex post facto. I have tried to explain it to you, used numerous examples, cited legal cases with links, etc. In return you have simply voiced the same opinion over and over with no cited basis for that opinion. I am forced to conclude that you just don't get it and you probably never will. Buffs (talk) 22:22, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Break for additional comments 3

 * I just wanted to note that the legal department of the Wikimedia Foundation has been working on this question this week and hopes to have an opinion by the end of tomorrow or Monday at the latest. :) --Maggie Dennis (WMF) (talk) 13:56, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * That's great news! We look forward to hearing their opinion. Buffs (talk) 17:33, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

First published isn't sufficient
Under US copyright law (Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 104, last paragraph of section (b)), a work that is first published in a non-treaty state that is also published in a treaty partner state (or in the United States) within 30 days of its original publication will be treated as if it originates from the partner state and afforded all copyright protection afforded any other work originating from the treaty state. In other words, it isn't entirely sufficient that a work is first published in a non-treaty state, it is also necessary that we know it wasn't published anywhere else within 30 days of the initial publication. Dragons flight (talk) 18:51, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * "First published" means "first published as definied in Article 3 and Article 5 of the Berne Convention". If first published in one of the "no treaty" countries and then published within a treaty country within 30 days, the work is assumed to have been first published in the treaty country (so if a work is first published in Iran and then published in Russia 15 days later, the country of origin is Russia). If first published in one of the "no treaty" countries and not published in a treaty country within 30 days, the work is assumed to be first published in the country where the author is a citizen (so if a work by a Japanese citizen is first published in Iran and then not published anywhere else within 30 days, the country of origin is Japan). If the country of origin is determined to be a non-treaty country, the work isn't given any protection under the Berne Convention, so it is up to national legislation to decide how to treat the work. Some countries, such as the United States, choose not to give any protection, but the decision is entirely up to national legislators: if any country wants to protect these works anyway, that's fine according to the Berne Convention. I'm not sure if these works are protected in Europe or other Berne Convention countries. --Stefan2 (talk) 19:54, 2 February 2012 (UTC)


 * My point is not to argue about the legal meaning of "first published", but rather to be sure that any tags make clear that not everything that first appears in Iran (for example) is necessarily excluded from copyright in the US. As specifically, works that appear first in Iran and subsequently in other countries within 30 days may be covered by copyright.  I assume that many readers of a copyright tag would understand "first published" on a copyright tag in only the colloquial sense of where it first appeared, and we need to be clear about these associated issues.  The issue of national origin is another important point to note.  Dragons flight (talk) 20:07, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

To give a more specific example, consider images like File:U.S. RQ-170 on display in Iran 1.jpg (which helped to launch this long discussion). This appeared in Iran on state TV and newspapers. Some of those newspaper websites are visible globally. Images were also distributed to the global press with encouragement for redistribution, and they were put into numerous print and TV reports in other countries. So, while the image appeared first in Iran, I am unclear whether any of additional availability of this image in other countries would be considered sufficient to count as publication under the rules above and thus lead to an enforceable copyright by virtue of it having been used in other jurisdictions besides Iran. Dragons flight (talk) 20:39, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * It probably counts as PD unless the author also published it outside of US which I heavily doubt. No serious judge would rule in favor of copyright in regards to the RQ-170 footage over public interest (fair-use) rather than law suit even if it was fully copyrighted. But this is a fair point for other content indeed. -- A Certain White Cat chi? 21:01, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, in the RQ-170 case the fair use argument is excellent, but for the general case we need to be prepared to explain what does and does not count as publication for the purposes of assessing these jurisdictional issues. I'm not actually sure anyone knows.  In Kernal Records OY v. Moseley (2011), the US district court held that a Norwegian composer placing music on a Australian website had engaged in "simultaneous publication all over the world" and the associated work counted as U.S. work under copyright law.  However, under a somewhat similar pattern of facts, Moberg v. Leygues (2009) held that images published on a German website by a German did not have to be treated as a U.S. work.  Which suggests that the US courts are at least somewhat conflicted on the boundaries on publication versus national origin in the internet age.  Dragons flight (talk) 21:15, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

Excellent point!!! (even better that we all agree on it!). That nuance should be verbalized in whatever format we choose for tags of these files. I think it's also worth noting that this doesn't apply to Americans in non-treaty states as well. If, as an American, I photograph something in Somalia, it is still recognized by the US as copyrighted. I want to make sure these nuances aren't lost when we finalize the tag. Buffs (talk) 22:16, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't know if simultaneous fair use counts as simultaneous publication according to the Berne Convention, but since it all depends on the definition of publication according to that convention, we need to make sure that we know what first published in country XXX means. In terms of Internet publications, I would have assumed that the country of first publication would be the country where the physical servers are located. For example, in the Wikipedia case, it would mean simultaneous publication in the United States and the Netherlands. But if it means "any country in which the Internet can be accessed", there might be a problem. --Stefan2 (talk) 22:41, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * If you ask me, that's all the more reason to just stick with a single nation's laws to determine copyright (i.e. We will handle images as "Does Country X view them as copyrighted?"). Buffs (talk) 22:48, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * And in this case, "Country X" views them as copyrighted only if the country of origin is any of certain specific countries. And the whole problem is to determine what the country of origin is. Determining the country of origin is also an issue for determining whether URAA restoration or the rule of the shorter term apply. --Stefan2 (talk) 00:03, 3 February 2012 (UTC)
 * rule of the shorter term never applies since US Copyright follows the longer term offering additional protection. Just wanted to point that out. -- A Certain White Cat chi? 02:08, 3 February 2012 (UTC)


 * If we treat all recent images as if they are covered by the treaty then we might exclude some things from here that we could use, but we will never violate the law or anyone's rights. On the other hand, if we try to sort through the various issues around country of origin for the sake of making PD claims then we will almost certainly get it wrong at least some of the time and make claims that are legally incorrect.  Personally, I think the first path is safer (and has other advantages mentioned higher up the page).  Dragons flight (talk) 02:56, 3 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Post to avoid archival. Buffs (talk) 05:32, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

Additional Query
What about documents that are first published in the US, but are subsequently copyrighted elsewhere...where they have longer copyright protections? Surely this wont be much of an issue, right? Nope!


 * Wikipedia_talk:Copyright_problems

While I know they are PD here in the US, it seems probable that they are copyrighted in the EU. So, what do we do now? Buffs (talk) 05:32, 11 February 2012 (UTC)


 * Things which aren't copyrighted in the United States may still be copyrighted in other countries. The works from Iran and other countries which are discussed above may or may not be copyrighted outside the United States. Since there are no treaties which apply to those countries, no other country is required to provide copyright protection for the works, but some countries may nevertheless choose to do so. --Stefan2 (talk) 01:01, 12 February 2012 (UTC)


 * I just want to make sure we incorporate this into whatever nuanced answer we come up with. Sounds like we're on the same page Buffs (talk) 22:03, 12 February 2012 (UTC)

South Sudan
Anyone know what the position is w.r.t. the world's newest country? Babakathy (talk) 13:53, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I would assume they are probably in the same boat as these other countries that don't have copyright relations with the US (we don't even have an embassy there yet), but it is also worth considering and applying whatever rules apply. Buffs (talk) 15:30, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * The US officially redesignated the consulate in Juba, South Sudan as our embassy in South Sudan on the same day as the transition. Hence we have always had an embassy in South Sudan.  Dragons flight (talk) 19:02, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * That's a diplomatic relation, but it doesn't have anything to do with copyright relations. For example, there is an embassy in Iraq but there are no copyright relations between the United States and Iraq. --Stefan2 (talk) 22:16, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I know that. However, I was replying to Buffs blatantly erroneous parenthetical comment that the US doesn't have a embassy in South Sudan.  Dragons flight (talk) 01:15, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Hey dude, chill. I was wrong, ok? But my point still stands that there are some similarities. It isn't that we should ignore it, but we should make the transition to assure any files from South Sudan are protected as they would be for any Berne signatory. Buffs (talk) 00:26, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * If first published before 9 July 2011, I think that the Berne Convention defines the country of origin as Sudan, i.e. not in the public domain in the United States. If first published on 9 July 2011 or later, it is also necessary to check the citizenship of the author: if the author holds Sudanese or dual Sudanese/South Sudanese citizenship, the country of origin is Sudan. --Stefan2 (talk) 18:26, 13 February 2012 (UTC)


 * Under the Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, all laws and institutions in existence in South Sudan before the transition remain in force after the transition unless and until they are modified by the newly formed South Sudanese Legislature. Assuming they didn't subsequently change it, it would appear that their domestic copyright laws are as strong as they were before the split, and the intention is to continue to honor international agreements.  There are probably some formalities involved at the international level with having a new country "officially" join a treaty, but I would assume that such things will happen soon if they haven't already.  Dragons flight (talk) 19:02, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * It would seem to me that upon that basis we assume South Sudan is covered by the Berne convention. Babakathy (talk) 05:42, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I concur that we should make sure any images that fall under this are properly annotated and protected...I don't think there are any. Buffs (talk) 00:27, 23 February 2012 (UTC)

RfC tag
I'm assuming that no one's going to disagree that we need to keep this RfC open until after we have legal input from the foundation. With that in mind I tried to revert the bots removal of the tag but it would appear the bot is trying to be too clever for it's own good and re-removed it. I've queried this with the bot owner. Dpmuk (talk) 18:58, 11 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Skynet is taking over... Buffs (talk) 22:02, 12 February 2012 (UTC)

Legal team's statement
The legal department of the Wikimedia Foundation issued the following statement today. Please let me know if there are specific follow-up questions; I will be happy to communicate them and report back when there is response. Thank you. --Maggie Dennis (WMF) (talk) 20:02, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

[Please note that the summary below represents only generalized thoughts and observations on international copyright relations and is not an official legal opinion from the Wikimedia Foundation or legal advice. It may contain errors or may be incomplete. You should also note that the legal department may only represent the Wikimedia Foundation on legal matters, so this is not official legal advice to the community.]

The Wikipedia community requested guidance from the Wikimedia Foundation as to proper labeling and usage policies regarding creative content originating from countries that the U.S. currently does not have copyright relations with.

Is content from nations that do not have formal relations with the U.S. within the public domain in the U.S.?

Recognition of copyright protection of foreign works in the U.S. is based on the concept of reciprocity. Traditionally, the U.S. has only extended protection to countries that provide a similar level of protection to U.S. creators. The U.S. has entered into several treaties, most notably the Berne Convention, that establish such mutual protection. Protection can also be based on bilateral agreements, or on legislation enacted by the U.S. Congress that recognizes that a given country provides sufficient protection to U.S. creators and thereby extends protection to that country. For more information on the U.S.'s copyright treaties, see Copyright Office Circular 38a.

Most countries receive protection in the U.S. via one of these methods. However, there are several countries that do not currently provide such reciprocity to the U.S. such as San Marino, Iraq, Iran, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Afghanistan. Turkmenistan, as a former member of the USSR, may or may not have copyright applicable to works created after May 27, 1973. Because these countries do not have formal copyright relations with the U.S., content that originates from such countries is not protected by U.S. copyright law and falls within the public domain. For more information on determining public domain status, see Cornell's Public Domain Chart.

Is such content protected elsewhere?

The amount of protection that foreign works receive in countries other than U.S. varies in relation to the particular laws of that specific country. However, most countries throughout the world follow the reciprocity model in extending protection for foreign works, and most accomplish such reciprocity via adherence to the Berne Convention. The above-mentioned countries are currently not member countries of the Berne Convention, nor do they extend copyright protection to other foreign countries (in the case of Afghanistan, protection does not appear to extend to even domestic works).

How should such content be used?

The Wikimedia Foundation cannot give legal advice to the community on U.S. or foreign laws.

As noted above, content from countries which the U.S. currently has no copyright relations with may be used in the same manner that any other content in the public domain may be used under current U.S. law. However, every user is responsible for the way he or she uses content and is subject to the laws of his or her own country. The community and individual user must determine the exact usage parameters of the content.

The Wikimedia Foundation will remove content if it has knowledge of a copyright violation. The Foundation will also respond to notice and take-down requests received in compliance with the DMCA (17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(3)), and all notices will be reported to chillingeffects.org.

Should attention be given to the fact that the content may be removed from the public domain in the future?

The fact that such content may be removed from the public domain at some future point is a consideration that is worth keeping mind. While the content is currently in the public domain in the U.S., this could change in the future if a country were to obtain copyright relations with the U.S. It is difficult to predict what the implications of removing such content from the public domain will be. It is worth noting, however, that in most cases where copyright protection has been extended to cover preexisting works, the law provides exemptions that minimize the impact on those who were using the works before they were taken from the public domain. But there is no guarantee that similar care will be taken in the future. The proper labeling and categorization of such content may help alleviate some these concerns, particularly if the labels state that the copyright status of the content is subject to change in the future. But it is up to the community to decide what is best.

Legal replied, now what?
Maggie, thank you for your time and effort on our behalf, and thanks to the WMF legal office. However, this statement (like many statements from WMF Legal to the community) doesn't appear to tell us much of anything we didn't already know. These images aren't currently protected by copyright in the US, though copyright might be restored at some uncertain time in the future. I think everyone here already agreed on those underlying facts. The question is really one of how the community wants to deal with the various issues surrounding these images whose future status is potentially problematic, the related problems of determining country of origin, and whether there is any residual ethical problem in using appropriating modern works from non-treaty states even if there is no legal problem in doing so. In other words, I don't think the WMF statement settles anything since it leaves the community with the same basic questions and arguments that we have had here since the beginning. The community can choose to use these images, or not. Historically, we have tended to exclude them (and Commons certainly will continue to exclude them), but the discussion above has tended to lean towards their inclusion. Now that we've gotten the WMF response that some people have been waiting for, do other participants see some route towards concluding this issue? Are there other questions that need to be asked, and resolved first? For example, do we need better guidance on the "country of origin" issue for internet works, as discussed above. Should we try to publicize this issue more? (Despite the RFC, relatively few people have participated here.) Dragons flight (talk) 20:43, 14 February 2012 (UTC)


 * Actually, it doesn't leave us with the same questions and it provides a basis for changing policy accordingly. Here's the key points I see from the above:
 * "Content that originates from such countries is not protected by U.S. copyright law and falls within the public domain."
 * Ok! It's confirmed that they are legally in the public domain as far as we are concerned.
 * "...content from countries which the U.S. currently has no copyright relations with may be used in the same manner that any other content in the public domain may be used under current U.S. law. However, every user is responsible for the way he or she uses content and is subject to the laws of his or her own country."
 * On Wikipedia, we can use them just like any other PD image. However, it's the responsibility of people to use such content legally where they reside.
 * "The proper labeling and categorization of such content may help alleviate some these concerns, particularly if the labels state that the copyright status of the content is subject to change in the future. But it is up to the community to decide what is best."
 * How the community labels these files is up to them.


 * So where do we go from here?


 * It looks to me like these are PD images, community consensus (to this point in the discussion) is that we should treat/use them as PD images, but they should be labeled with one of the aforementioned (through nearly unanimous consent) labels. We should be able to rapidly implement this and annotate it in policy for clarity.
 * This is not to say that other vocal opponents to the above conclusions don't exist!!! It merely reflects that consensus doesn't appear to be with those opposing these views.
 * Thoughts?


 * Re: "Should we try to publicize this issue more? (Despite the RFC, relatively few people have participated here.)" I wouldn't look too much into it. It's been well-publicized across en-wp. I see no reason to go to a banner (the only remaining step) for such a relatively minor issue. If others disagree, I'll happily push forward on it, but I'm pretty sure we're going to get a "no" answer. Moreover, we base consensus on those that choose to voice an opinion. Those that choose not to voice an opinion should simply be held to the resulting consensus. Buffs (talk) 22:20, 14 February 2012 (UTC)


 * Personally, I think part of the reason it hasn't had much participation is that the issue was framed and presented poorly. If it had been as a binary choice: Here's what practice has been (vis a vis Jimbo), here's what we want to change it to, here are the arguments for and against, yes or no?  It would have been a lot easier on people to contribute an opinion.  Right now they have to wade through a lot to understand the question.  For example, the labeling issue is actually secondary.  If we agree that we want to use these images, then I think we can all agree on labels, but the decision on usage got buried under a lot of other stuff.  I'd suggest the poor presentation to the community is a large part of why there are only 12 participants in the biggest "vote" here despite months of discussion among a small group.  I sure we could improve upon that.  I know people who I've talked to previously who support my position on this issue, but I haven't invited them here specifically, because I know that would smack of canvassing.  However, I still have real doubts that the views expressed above are representative of the Wikimedia movement at large.  Dragons flight (talk) 01:04, 15 February 2012 (UTC)


 * Thank you for this, Maggie. One point of clarification: was the Legal Team's discussion above limited to published works?  The Copyright Act is quite clear that unpublished works are covered by U.S. copyright, even they originate in a country that is not a U.S. treaty party or are authored by a national of a non-treaty party: "The works specified by sections 102 and 103, while unpublished, are subject to protection under this title without regard to the nationality or domicile of the author."  17 U.S.C. § 104(a). TJRC (talk) 23:37, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
 * The text above is as much as I have. :) I would assume that it is limited to published works. --Maggie Dennis (WMF) (talk) 12:31, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

The legal guidance is helpful but it is very clear that it covers the opyright status of such images but not hwo the community may choose to use them (labelling, fair use requirement or not etc). We must still take a decision on usage, which legal makes clear is up to the community. I do not think we can say we have consensus on usage (though we seem close to it on labelling). Certainly "community consensus (to this point in the discussion)" and "vocal opponents to the above conclusions" are contradictory. The RFC has only been open since the weekend (and many users may have waited for Legal before commenting) so let us have more time for discussion. Babakathy (talk) 04:38, 15 February 2012 (UTC)


 * I held off responding in order to see if there were any additional opinions. Consensus doesn't mean that everyone's opinions will be reflected, it means that we have a clear indication as to which direction we are going. It's a nebulous term, BUT one by which we gauge how we do things. A "vocal minority" merely means that those who oppose it are being quite insistent on their rationales and ideas (that's not a negative attribute). It doesn't mean we don't have a majority or consensus though: if 95% of the people in the US elect one guy, the other 5% of the electorate can hold up all the protest signs they want, but the result stands. There is no contradiction.

Final arrangment
1. (previous unanimous support) Label the files as PD, but not within the borders of the originating country. (I think we could also add a note to our general disclaimer and state that image usage outside WP must be done in accordance with local laws which may differ from that of the US)

2. (previous 75% support) Use the files as all other PD files are used and annotate that this usage may change.

3. Revisit this arrangement in 6 months to determine if WP can handle a change in copyright status(es) or if there are unforeseen circumstances that make the aforementioned arrangement untenable.

Final Arrangement support

 * 1) As proposer Buffs (talk) 00:41, 21 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) Concur, my reservations are expressed above but I believe this arrangement to be a suitable way forward. Babakathy (talk) 06:15, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) This gives us the broadest use within the current law while making it clear to reusers that a future status change is possible and giving us a relatively straightforward way to review all effected files if/when such a change occurs. cmadler (talk) 10:36, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

Final Arrangement oppose

 * 1) I oppose this change that I don't believe reflects the true views of the community.  I would support efforts to develop a consensus that is clearer than 9-3, but I don't believe we should be making a site-wide change in copyright rules with such poor participation.  Dragons flight (talk) 06:27, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 2) Premature. We can close the label options, sure, but not the usage options. Option 1 is now 9-5 and Option 3 is now 5-8. Those margins are too close to call, and the most recent votes are weakening what you're claiming is consensus. I'd support a reboot that deals only with usage and only has Usage Option 1 and Usage Option 3 to choose from, though.   S ven M anguard   Wha?  16:48, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose. I think this needs more input and wider participation before such a change can be made, especially considering the proponents of this change haven't addressed the ethical issues directly. The legal status of the materials in question isn't contested (although it is complex, given the tricky nature of determining nation of origin), but we don't necessarily follow lockstep behind the law. We're free to be more restrictive, and in this case we should be. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 16:55, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 4) --ಠ_ಠ node.ue ಠ_ಠ (talk) 04:18, 23 February 2012 (UTC) Per Nathan.
 * 5) --Cimon Avaro; on a pogostick. (talk) 19:19, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

Final Arrangement discussion
Everyone seems to be in agreement that we should label the images as PD in the US, but annotate that they are copyrighted in their home country (completely unanimous support). Likewise, the legal opinion is that the files are PD as far as WMF is concerned and we are free to use them as PD images if that's what the community decides to do. As noted by those opposing usage #1, there are two major points of contention with usage. The first is that, without fair use criteria, the images are subject to deletion should a country become a treaty member. I concede that is indeed an issue, however, Stefan2 pointed out above that implementation seems to have a 3-month waiting period which would give WP PLENTY of time to delete any images that don't meet our criteria. As someone making this proposal, I will happily lend my time/services to sift through any such files should treaty status(es) change. The second is that it is "unethical". I can't really speak to that as people will handle things on their own as their own ethics dictate. Per the WMF, the images are legally within the Public Domain and I see no reason to deprive the world of files that are both useful and informative solely because some people don't like it.

I believe that concerns about having to delete histories, printed materials, etc. are largely uninformed, mild paranoia with regards to copyright and should be dismissed accordingly. We have always complied with DMCA and we will continue to do so. I wholeheartedly agree that any image not meeting our NFCC should be removed ASAP, but these are not non-free files at this time.

It is worth noting that those opposed to the above usage indeed have some points, but are largely based on what MAY happen in the future. I am also not above making a compromise: Why don't we try the following arrangement for 6 months? At the end of that 6 months, we can re-evaluate and see how implementation went. The glory of WP is that we can always change our minds! I doubt any copyright changes will occur in the next 6 months, but other things may happen.

The preceding discussions were not a binding !vote. I think it's only fair to conclude that this one is. If someone else has a better idea on closure, I am all ears and am open to other ideas. Buffs (talk) 00:41, 21 February 2012 (UTC)


 * I have not changed my view, but I feel that going ahead with tagged images and review in six months takes us forward for now. It helps that any change at that point (or earlier if US copyright status changes) can be addressed as the images are tagged. I also appreciate Buff's commitment to work on the files should treaty status(es) change. However I do feel we are taking advantage of a legal loophole here, more a case of wikilwayering than some of us don't like it. Babakathy (talk) 07:50, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Buffs (talk) 09:48, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * My support with reservations was on the basis that while I disagree I thought it was a usable compromise to take us forward. However, since the discussion has reopened substantially, with many new points coming in (and my reservations as expressed in the option votes above are unchanged) I am removing my vote and reserving for now. Babakathy (talk) 06:30, 23 February 2012 (UTC)

Re: "I don't believe we should be making a site-wide change in copyright rules with such poor participation."
 * 1) We can't force people to participate
 * 2) This discussion has been posted broadly as an RfC
 * 3) This discussion was added to the template for even broader input
 * 4) The discussion was pushed to the WMF for a legal review which stated that Fair Use or not was up to us. For copyrighted images, the WMF has clearly stated that usage is NOT up to the local WPs, but must meet and clearly delineate how Fair Use applies; they made no such point in this case.
 * 5) It had an article written about it in the Signpost
 * 6) The issue's been ongoing for more than a month
 * 7) Those who chose not to participate, must accept the outcome of the discussion. Should consensus change (and consensus can change), we'll fix 'er up and adapt.

We've gotten as much input as we possibly can and it is time to move forward. 9 to 3 in an issue that boils down to WP preference (not a legal issue) is a pretty strong majority. Considering Babakathy has changed his/her mind and supported (for now), I think that eliminates a third of the opposition.

I truly am sorry you think of this as a "loophole", but it is the law and legal opinions (along with popular opinion) is that these images are PD. I think with 3 months lead time, we can quite cleanly fix any potential problems relatively easily. Buffs (talk) 09:48, 22 February 2012 (UTC)


 * I think at this point it's fair to dispense with the legal part of the discussion - everyone can stipulate, and almost no one has actually disputed, that it would be legal to treat these works as PD. The question then is whether we ought to do only the minimum required by law, or if we ought to do more for ethical and moral reasons. In these non-Berne nations, authors and other citizens typically have limited rights of political participation. That means that their status with respect to international treaties is totally outside of their control. It would be an unfortunate decision for Wikipedia to take advantage of their plight by regarding these authors as having no interest or rights in their own work, even if that is technically legal in the U.S. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 17:33, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * As I explained above, people in these nations have the option of getting a copyright in, say, Switzerland, and they have chosen not to do so (the vast majority of these are images from Iranian national TV). I think it is fair to say that those entities have plenty of ability in the political process and international affairs. Those in Somalia don't even really have a government. You are framing this as a "moral" issue, but I'm seeing this more as a political gesture e.g. "their citizens don't have those rights because they are oppressed, so we will extend them some rights". I don't think that's a good precedent for WP as it is a non-profit organization (the whole SOPA blackout could also have been interpreted as a political gesture and WP could lose its non-profit status). I'm also not seeing an ethical issue here. These people publish things in their countries with the full knowledge that their copyrights are not protected outside their borders. In the case of these images, we are quite clearly annotating that they are copyrighted within said borders. I see delving into moral and ethical issues as nebulous and misleading.
 * We already apply US law over the laws of other countries (see below).
 * You noted above that there will be a problem should relevant treaties are signed. I'm just not seeing it. We have a total of 8 images that fall into these categories right now and I don't see them expanding to the point that a single person couldn't handle them in a day. That's one reason I'm proposing we move toward a 6 month trial period. I am sorry you don't like the public domain. Buffs (talk) 20:01, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I'd also like to add that others in the US (and almost everywhere else in the world) can use these as PD images. The WMF mission is
 * "...to empower and engage people around the world to collect and develop educational content under a free license or in the public domain , and to disseminate it effectively and globally"
 * This proposal does not meet the mission of the WMF and, by extension, WP. Buffs (talk) 20:06, 22 February 2012 (UTC)


 * You're mistaken on several levels. First and simplest, this is in no way a political gesture in the vein of the blackout (which I opposed). If anything, a policy of ignoring the moral rights of creators to their own work because of Iran's intentional international isolation is a political decision. You are particularly wrong to suggest that such a "political gesture" threatens the non-profit status of the WMF, or that the blackout triggered the same risk. The suggestion is simply incorrect and reflects a misunderstanding of non-profit law. Moving on, taking these images without permission and ignoring the rights of their creators is the ethical equivalent of stealing, even if the law affords them no protection in the U.S. It's hard for me to understand how you can argue that these people voluntarily surrender intellectual rights to their creations, just by living and working in their native land. Your suggestion that Eritrean artists and authors simply register their works in Switzerland reads like an attempt at humor, but as you've repeated it I sense you are serious. I'll just point out to you that what sounds easy from wherever you are, may not be so easy where the artists in question live. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 20:29, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * First of all you are continuing to talk about "moral rights" of which "copyright" isn't even acknowledged as a right by the U.S. It's a law, not a right.
 * Second, if these people want international protection on their copyrighted works, they have multiple avenues to pursue that goal. Yes, it is more expensive than the US (where it is free) and yes, it is more complicated, but it is possible.
 * For better or worse, their copyrights end at national borders. The WMF legal team confirmed it too: "content from countries which the U.S. currently has no copyright relations with may be used in the same manner that any other content in the public domain may be used under current U.S. law." Buffs (talk) 00:34, 23 February 2012 (UTC)


 * As I said up thread, the issue has been presented poorly, with a lot of text and confusing options that makes it hard for people to join in. I think we could reframe this as a simple yes/no type of change with summary arguments from both sides and be able to gather much better participation.  Dragons flight (talk) 17:42, 22 February 2012 (UTC)


 * No one is stopping you from proposing your own ideas. If you have a better idea, let's hear it. I don't see a solution with more consensus above. Buffs (talk) 20:01, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

This sets a VERY bad precedent
By extending copyright protections to images that are PD in the US, but copyrighted elsewhere, we will have to review tens of thousands of images and some images that are ok on Commons are suddenly not ok here!!!:

Architectural works in France have copyright protection (there is no freedom of panorama), so these images would require Fair Use rationales:
 * File:Paris July 2011-27a.jpg
 * File:Louvre Museum Wikimedia Commons.jpg
 * File:Paris_July_2011-27a.jpg

Files from Mexico have copyright protection 70 years after the death of their authors, but the US doesn't protect works pre-1923 (these images are all copyrighted in Mexico):
 * File:Adolfo de la Huerta joven.jpg
 * File:Adolfo de la Huerta.jpg
 * File:Venustiano Carranza de la Garza, portrait.jpg

Files from Japan aren't legally in the public domain in Japan, they are copyright-free; this provides additional rights that the US doesn't recognize.
 * File:IJN Shimakaze (Minekaze class) Taisho 11.jpg
 * File:I Was Born, But... 1932.jpg
 * File:Hirohito in dress uniform.jpg

There are local exceptions that the US doesn't recognize for just about every country.

My point is that we ALREADY treat files as PD based on US law when there are restrictions and/or in the country of origin. Are we seriously advocating changing this concept? The files within our discussion are PD (there is no debate there). All I'm asking (and the majority so far agree) is to treat them as they are legally defined. No more. No less. Buffs (talk) 20:01, 22 February 2012 (UTC)


 * Wrong. Photos of architectural works are allowed in the United States, so buildings from France should be tagged as . However, the photos you showed only present the pyramid as de minimis which is allowed in both France and the United States, so there is no problem. --Stefan2 (talk) 22:10, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Wrong. Mexico has a copyright term of life+100 years. However, works which are in the public domain because of older copyright laws remain in the public domain. This means that works by creators who died before some specific year (1950s?) are in the public domain in Mexico, and so are works published before some specific year (1940s?) without compliance of copyright formalities. --Stefan2 (talk) 22:10, 22 February 2012 (UTC)


 * (moved comments from above)
 * Please don't split others' comments by your comments
 * Ok, so some of the Mexican ones were a bad example, but my point remains: things that the US views as PD aren't necessarily PD in other countries. However for the photos in France, de minimus certainly is NOT applicable. The subject of each of those photos is the Lourve Pyramid. It is in the center of the image and certainly doesn't qualify under de minimus. If this image was taken by a WPian and uploaded, the copyrighted helmet logo would fall under de minimus and the image could be PD. Buffs (talk) 00:16, 23 February 2012 (UTC)


 * That's a strawman argument. As far as I can see, no one here has argued for changing the way we handle those issues.  People like myself simply believe that our six-year tradition of treating all countries as if they did have copyright relations with the United States should continue.  We don't allow the inclusion of all images that could be covered by fair use (WP:NFCC is far stricter than that), and traditionally we have excluded non-treaty status as an argument for PD usage.  These policies are different from what is legally allowed, but in both cases I would argue that our policies are well-motivated.  The fact that Wikipedia has made policies that are sometimes stricter than US law, does not automatically mean we also want to do so in any of the various cases you have highlighted above.  Dragons flight (talk) 20:17, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * To the contrary, Jimbo himself made the argument and it was stated right at the beginning of this RfC: "Wikipedia contributors should respect the copyright law of other nations, even if these do not have official copyright relations with the United States" and it is at the heart of this discussion. Are we treating images by the copyright laws of the nation of origin or US law? People are saying we have a moral right to protect the copyrights of those in Iran and we should pretend they have copyright protection here in the U.S. because it is copyrighted in Iran. I submit to you that we already ignore certain copyright claims in France and Mexico (among others) because we are governed by US law and US law doesn't recognize those claims on copyright. I see nothing morally, ethically, or legally wrong with this. We should be consistent and apply the same logic to these countries. Buffs (talk) 20:46, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * You argue it should be one or the other. Personally, I think the right balance is in the middle.  Applying your logic to NFCC, we would either allow all fair use or no fair use, but ultimately the community has settled on an intermediate position.  Our relationship with international copyright law is also a middle-ground (though one that comes close to the US-only extreme).  I see nothing wrong with adopting intermediate positions.  Dogmatic consistency with one extreme or the other is not necessarily virtuous.  The ethical and practical concerns with non-treaty works are different than with any of the categories of materials you mentioned above, and it is not crazy to therefore arrive at a different policy.  Dragons flight (talk) 21:02, 22 February 2012 (UTC)


 * We already go beyond what the law requires when it comes to copyrights and non-free content. There's a vast ocean of content we could use under the fair use doctrine that we have chosen to disallow. This RfC is about a specific and narrow question - for those copyright protections that are near-universally standardized under the Berne convention and other treaties, should we apply them to content produced in non-Berne nations? The question of the interplay of other copyright regulations from France, Mexico, et al is much more complex and involves a spectrum of rights not at issue here. In this question, we're talking about the fundamental right to any protection at all - not, for instance, the right to protection of a particular time period. You're arguing that Eritrean authors and artists deserve no rights at all in their content outside Eritrea, based on the fact that they 'choose' to publish their work in Eritrea. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 20:56, 22 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Wow. Where to begin?
 * NFCC: yes, we go beyond what is allowed and not allowed under fair use. We say that we restrict ourselves with regard to copyrighted works, and, in general, we do. However, when two copyright laws come into conflict what do we do? In the case of the French photos annotated above, it pretty clearly shows that we side with US law on the subject, and we don't upload them to Commons. Buffs (talk) 00:16, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * "The question of the interplay of other copyright regulations from France, Mexico, et al is much more complex and involves a spectrum of rights not at issue here." Bullsh**. The copyright laws and lack of viable treaties with Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, etc are the proximate cause of this entire discussion.
 * "we're talking about the fundamental right to any protection at all" Wikipedia cannot confer rights to anyone
 * "You're arguing that Eritrean authors and artists deserve no rights at all in their content outside Eritrea..." I'm not saying anyone deserves or doesn't deserve anything. I'm saying that those in the aforementioned countries do not have any copyright rights outside those countries. Likewise, as a U.S. citizen, I have no copyright rights within Iran, Iraq, etc. These are indisputable facts, not opinions. What they "deserve" or not is strictly a matter of opinion. Moreover, copyrights are not "rights" even in the U.S., they are laws/copy protections on original works.
 * "based on the fact that they 'choose' to publish their work in Eritrea." No, I'm not saying that. I'm saying they have the opportunity to obtain copyrights elsewhere and chose not to do so. That is their responsibility. Just because the U.S. has an easier/cheaper (free) way to obtain a copyright, it doesn't mean that we should apply that same standard worldwide. These images are PD and the WMF agrees.
 * The Fair Use of copyrighted works is one thing. We all acknowledge that they are copyrighted. People can't just use the files in any way they want...except in Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, etc where US copyrights are meaningless. We cannot enforce copyrights there because we have no standing. So, all of our Fair Use rhetoric aside, it's completely meaningless in those countries. I would consider Reciprocity a factor here...
 * The use of PD files is quite another. I'm a Federal employee and everything I've created in the line of duty is a PD work. Whether that is "fair" or not is irrelevant. My works are PD, period. That's the law. We don't restrict the use of PD files anywhere on en-WP even if they are not PD elsewhere (see the above examples). Why are we extending additional benefits to people in those countries that we will not extend to Berne signatories?
 * So, I'll leave you with this question: It is not at all in dispute that these are PD images (WMF-legal concurs). They also agree we can use them as PD works. Right now, almost anyone can use these files in any manner they desire. I can post them on a webpage, put them in a book, or make a banner to post in Time Square. Why can't we use it on WP? Buffs (talk) 00:16, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Because in this area, as in many other areas, we try to adhere to a standard above the minimum required by law. I understand from this discussion that you prefer not to engage at all with the nature of our ethical obligations. Yes, I understand the concept of "moral rights" has no legal weight in the U.S. I understand these people have no legal right to copyright protection in the U.S. I understand we have this all confirmed by the WMF legal counsel. I think its all irrelevant; the law tells us only what we must do, not what we should do. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 00:44, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * To be clear, your reasoning is that we should "adhere to a standard above the minimum required by law" because it's unethical not to do so? Buffs (talk) 01:43, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * To belatedly reply to your question... That's somewhat of an oversimplification, but yes. The law is effectively a lower bound, there is no reason we can't be more ethical than the law requires. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 17:16, 24 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I really do not think the argument that creators  have the opportunity to obtain copyrights elsewhere and chose not to do so is realistic. Whilst large organisations like Iranian TV may have that opportunity, what is proposed here is to treat all works produced in the six countries as PD without any usage rules. I honestly do not think that your average Ethiopian artist or Eritrean photographer or Turkmen author is even aware that a work they have copyrighted is not protected outside their own country - let alone how they could protect their work elsewhere. I had this photo taken in Addis Ababa last week and uploaded it on my blog. If it had not been for this discussion, I would not have been aware there would be complications "publishing" it in Ethiopia. Although the point is moot as I uploaded it from Zimbabwe and released it PD anyway. Babakathy (talk) 06:48, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, but what?!? Setting policy based upon the potential education level of someone is absurd. It's ridiculous to base policy on "some people might be ignorant of international copyright law and completely lack the ability to figure it out or ask for help". Come on. As for the ability to obtain a copyright in another country, people did so for years before TRIPS/Berne came into the picture. In fact, it was the basis for a lawsuit mentioned above in the whole Soviet fiasco (they were sued for using Russian movies that had registered copyrights in the U.S.). So, yes, it can be done.
 * As for your photo, what is your nationality? That might play a role in the subject at hand (The U.S. government extends copyrights to citizens abroad). Also, I'm sorry, but ignorance of the law is no excuse. If you had decided to publish it, you might be SOL. That's hardly my problem or Wikipedia's. If someone comes on here and releases a photo into PD and changes their mind later when they realize that others can use it, it's not really our problem. Buffs (talk) 07:38, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * What I said was to take issue with your argument that people in such countries choose not to obtain copyright elsewhere. I do not think it is an accurate characterisation for many individual creators in these countries. I referred to my image as an example of how complex the matter can be, and that many people who create and publish works may not be aware of this, so saying they have "chosen" not to protect is inaccurate. Of course the particular image I linked is (a) not on Wikipedia and (b) released as PD and will stay PD.
 * Plus we are not (per opening) considering extending copyright protections to images that are PD in the US, we are discussing what rules we want to use for images that are not copyright protected in the US. As various users have mentioned above, our fair use rules are narrower than law and we can choose to make rules for these images which are narrower than law.
 * More broadly Buffs, although the basic position you present is legal (can I summarise it as these images are PD-US so let's use them as such and tag them in case they change?) but some of your arguments go more to the ethics of the matter (e.g. creators have chosen not to obtain foreign copyright protection so that's their choice, no problem). This means quite a few of the replies go to the ethics too. Babakathy (talk) 08:19, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * What you are saying sounds reasonable, but I think that the main issue is that old versions of Wikipedia also need to be usable in the future and that the whole idea behind these copyright law sections is that these works only are in the public domain temporarily. --Stefan2 (talk) 10:28, 23 February 2012 (UTC)

Relevant policy at Non-U.S._copyrights
Wikipedia already has a method for dealing with works published in non-Berne countries: if the work has copyright there, we can only use it as fair-use. Perhaps I've missed something, but it appears to me that this discussion has been predicated on the idea that such a procedure does not yet exist. Danger High voltage! 19:55, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I disagree. Essentially the only part of that method that is relevant here is point 1 - points 2 & 3 deal with countries with which the US does have copyright relations.  Point 1 appears to be predicated on the same e-mail from Jimbo that we're discussing here, although it's hard to know for sure given the history of that page, and so is just a more practical implementation of what is currently given on this policy page.  This discussion here was never predicated on the idea that we had no relevant policy rather the question is does the community still support a policy based on a very old e-mail from Jimbo given the wider changes in our media-use policies in the mean time.  Essentially this discussion has been on whether we should change existing policy.  Dpmuk (talk) 20:15, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * You're correct; I misworded my post. It seems, however, that many of those discussing this policy were operating under the misconception that we currently have no policy in place. But the meta-discussion isn't important. I just wanted everyone to be aware what existing policy is (though phrased inelegantly). Danger High voltage! 21:19, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. And on my part I didn't want to stop people commenting because they thought it was moot (and in that regard I've boldly changed the title of this section).  You're right, now we've cleared that up there's no need to continue this meta-discussion. Dpmuk (talk) 05:36, 24 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I disagree greatly that #1 is "clear" and there are no problems. We use images from France all the time without Fair Use rationales as the US doesn't recognize copyrights on buildings (in the sense that people are allowed to take pictures of them). There are other numerous examples. Buffs (talk) 06:49, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * The test I linked to only considers countries not part of the WTO and not signatories of the Berne Convention, hence the "non-restored" bit in the heading. France is both. Wikipedia accepts material that is not copyrighted in the US, but is in other countries, hence our pictures of I. M. Pei's pyramids at the Louvre. I agree that it is inconsistent that we only respect native copyright status over US copyright status in cases where there are no official copyright relations.Danger High voltage! 07:28, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

Messy voting
Am I the only one who thinks that the voting section is extremely messy? There are five options, although most of them say the same thing, and voting is going on in several different sections. Basically, there are only two options: treat as PD and treat as unfree. And if you support one option, you automatically oppose the second one. --Stefan2 (talk) 10:13, 24 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree. However, I see no need to revote. We're at a pretty firm no-consensus at this point, and it doesn't look like the discussion is leaning towards making a change. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 22:43, 24 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I completely disagree with your conclusion. The images ARE PD virtually everywhere except the their country of origin...then we have the problem of those countries that don't even have copyright. Kinda hard to "respect the copyright laws of other nations" when they don't even have a copyright. The only reason you support "no change" is that you believe it ostensibly supports your side when, in fact, it supports neither point in the discussion. The status quo is we don't have any guidance on what to do with them. I disagree as well that there is no need to "revote" when the above points were CLEARLY marked as non-binding. Buffs (talk) 06:45, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

The problems that need to be addressed
I see 5 major categories for "international images" (for a lack of a better term) and their associated legal status for use on WP.
 * 1) Copyrighted in the U.S. and country of origin many examples readily available
 * 2) *LEGAL STATUS: Copyrighted amongst all most Berne treaty signatories. It may be PD in non-treaty states depending on the country of origin
 * 3) *WP Use: Must use a Fair Use rationale
 * 4) Copyrighted in the U.S. but not in the country of origin some Canadian works
 * 5) *LEGAL STATUS: Copyrighted in the US and therefore must be treated as a copyrighted work WRT WP
 * 6) *WP Use: Must use a Fair Use rationale
 * 7) Copyrighted in the country of origin in perpetuity This applies to several works in Britain such as the King James Bible and official symbols (note that this kind of perpetual copyright is only in effect for certain areas of the country, not even the entire country)
 * 8) *LEGAL STATUS: PD everywhere once the host country's "normal" copyright expires
 * 9) *WP Use: Treated as PD
 * 10) Copyrighted in country of origin, but not in the U.S. Includes images of buildings in France ''and' those in non-Berne countries
 * 11) *LEGAL STATUS: PD and can be used on WP without fear of legal challenge
 * 12) *WP Use: Inconsistent. French images are treated as the owner licenses them (even on Commons), but...(see above)
 * 13) No Copyright exists in the country of origin and PD in the U.S. Eritrean & Ethiopian Afghan works
 * 14) *LEGAL STATUS: Public Domain worldwide; no country recognizes the legal copyright
 * 15) *WP Use: Again, a subject of debate, but some above are advocating that copyright be applied.

If I'm missing anything, please feel free to add to the list. Buffs (talk) 08:27, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

The examples contain many errors. Stefan2 (talk) 21:45, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 1) Not necessarily copyrighted in all Berne Convention countries. For example, a work made and published by a European Union country in 1950 by an identified employee who died in 1970 is copyrighted in the European Union (life+70 years) and the United States (publication+95 years) but not in Japan (publication+50 years).
 * 2) Can be a work from any Berne Convention country, not necessarily Canada.
 * 3) As far as I know, Britain no longer has perpetual copyright. I seem to understand that the copyright to all of those ancient works will expire by the end of 2039 (or sometimes 70 years after publication, if published before 2039). However, other countries have perpetual copyrights, e.g. Canada for unpublished Crown Copyrights.
 * 4) Not exclusive to buildings but can be any kind of work. Most countries use life+$$n$$ years whereas the United States often uses publication+95 years, which results in expiration at very different dates. For example, if a European author who died in 1945 had a book published in 1922, the book would be in the public domain in the United States but not in the country of origin. And these are not accepted on Commons. For example, lots of photos of French buildings are removed all of the time.
 * 5) I'm not sure about Eritrea, but copyright exists in Ethiopia. Afghanistan is a better example.


 * Yep, missed that on #1; fixed, but it should be noted that it entirely depends on if it was published in the US or not (and whether copyright was maintained). #2 was just an example. #3, sorry, but you're wrong on this one (see below), #4 Again, just an example, not all-inclusive. #5 You're right; fixed.
 * 3 - From Crown copyright: "Crown copyright applies "[w]here a work is made by Her Majesty or by an officer or servant of the Crown in the course of his duties". The Crown can also have copyrights assigned to it. There is, in addition, a small class of materials where the Crown claims the right to control reproduction outside normal copyright law due to Letters Patent issued under the royal prerogative. This material includes the King James Bible, and the Book of Common Prayer."
 * But the King James Bible and the Book of Common Prayer both enter the public domain in the UK on 1 January 2040 as far as I know. This is stated in the infobox in the article of the former. --Stefan2 (talk) 22:28, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

This is pretty much the easiest to decipher. They are copyrighted and the US recognizes it. As a US-based entity, we have a legal obligation to uphold those copyrights on WP. If anyone disagrees on this assessment, I think the rest of your postings are highly suspect ;-) Buffs (talk) 08:27, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Cat 1

This limits our usage of images that are PD elsewhere, but still protected in the U.S. It doesn't "respect" the laws of other countries as Jimbo elucidated, but it recognizes the fact that the images are copyrighted in the US and, therefore, must only be used under Fair Use on WP. Buffs (talk) 08:27, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Cat 2

Things start getting murky here. Yes, they are copyrighted, BUT the US and everyone else doesn't recognize claim to that copyright.. Hell, even portions of their own country don't recognize those copyrights. Buffs (talk) 08:27, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Cat 3

Despite all the discussion above, no one has addressed the primary problem with restricting such image usage (since they ARE PD): Images under this category are already available on Commons. If we decide to restrict usage from images on Commons, we're going to have serious problems. Buffs (talk) 08:27, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Cat 4

I don't see why anyone is pushing for such images to be copyrighted by default. These images are PD literally everywhere. Buffs (talk) 08:27, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Cat 5

Fallacies of arguments
Every government worldwide can change its laws. The US could change to pma 120. Treaty holders could pull out of the Berne treaty. In short, LOTS of things could happen, but just because they could some day happen, doesn't mean they will. We shouldn't make policy or treat images in some manner solely upon what might happen, but we should instead base it on what is currently on the books. WP can change and adapt. That's a major advantage of WP. When the Soviet-PD images became re-copyrighted, we deleted them. In retrospect, we probably did so with too much haste and got rid of some that would, today, have been quite useful. However, there was no legal threat nor moral problems then. Yup. But there's no reason that they can't be re-uploaded with a FUR just like every other image or challenged through WP:DRV This is a political decision. By the same logic, one could argue that we should extend copyright protection to 120 pma to everyone since that's the longest recognized currently worldwide. That way NO ONE is left out and there is no conflict. This however runs contrary to our mission which states "The mission of the Wikimedia Foundation is empower and engage people around the world to collect and develop educational content under a free license or in the public domain, and to disseminate it effectively and globally." By avoiding this, we are undermining our core mission. How arrogant are you? Geez. "Poor, poor people are too dumb to know what's good for them, so let's give them EXTRA protection". Come on. How do you know that they didn't publish it in these countries knowing they'd be PD either outside their borders. It is the exact same situation when someone releases something into PD but they didn't mean to or change their mind a year later. Sorry dude. That isn't a revokable clause. These are PD images. I'm not asking us to pretend they aren't PD or that we ignore their authors, but they are PD. Buffs (talk) 08:27, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * They might be copyrighted some day and ...
 * They might be copyrighted some day and then we'd have to change everything.
 * They might be copyrighted some day and then we might end up deleting some really useful images that could have obtained a Fair Use rationale.
 * People are too poor in some of these countries to get a copyright in another country so we should extend them protection
 * People in some countries are not educated enough to know they are giving up their copyright
 * On your last point Buffs, this is not at all what I am meaning. The legal position is clear (the works are legally PD-US, no argument), what we are debating is whether we as en-WP think it proper to use particular classes of images. That is the context: it is not about somehow giving people protection (which you say several times above) but what we think we should and should not use. Unless I misunderstand your argument, you seem to say that there is no problem with using images that are copyright in Ethiopia, since the creator could have got copyright elsewhere if they wanted. I see that as an ethical argument and I disagree with you on the ethics of it as it presumes the creator in Ethiopia or Eritrea has access to information about the problem (his/her copyright is only local) and the resources to get international copyright. That's your assumption here. Babakathy (talk) 06:38, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * That was the way it was up until about 1989, so why don't we apply it to those in the US? prior to 1989?
 * Moreover, realize that people in SOME of these countries don't even have local copyright laws (i.e. Afghanistan and others). Your argument relies solely upon a "poor guys don't know what they are doing, so it's up to us to protect them" mentality. You don't know that they didn't intend for it to be PD everywhere and you don't know that they didn't choose to not engage in a copyright elsewhere. Your whole argument is that they don't have the knowledge or money to get it copyrighted. In fact, all they'd really need to do is upload it to Flickr (or any other site) first for free. This would protect their copyright and publish it in the U.S. This leaves out all money and knowledge concerns.
 * As I said before, it is not about protecting people. If I really felt like that I'd set up a campaign to assist Ethiopian painters to get some copyright somewhere or whatever, rather than debating the issue with you here. There are movements that do that sort of thing, and help protect indigenous knowledge and so on and what I think about them is neither here nor there. The discussion is about what we do here on en-WP. I think that images that are copyright-ET or -ER should be used with Fair Use Rules alongside the appropriate PD-US tag. I do not think that making an assumption that the creator of a work in such a country did "intend for it to be PD everywhere" - or that they knew they were only protecting their work locally is a realistic assumption. At the very least it is an assumption that you're making and I'm entitled to disagree with it. I'm sorry that you seem to find that arrogant or condescending.
 * Since there is no such thing as copyright-AF, I do not see any alternative but labelling Afgan images as PD.
 * Further up, yeah a release to PD is perptual was someone saying otherwise? Babakathy (talk) 07:53, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * "release to PD is perptual" - untrue, Uruguay Round Agreements Act is an example Bulwersator (talk) 08:06, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Think what we were discussing was about someone deliberately releasing (specifically) to PD and changing their mind, not works deemed PD - but anyway not really to the point here.Babakathy (talk) 08:17, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Also in this situation it may be reversed by (stupid) law Bulwersator (talk) 08:19, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * On the other hand I agree with dismissing arguments based upon "they might be copyrighted-US some day". We all agreed to tag them appropriately and sorting out the copyright change would be simple. It's what God created bots for. Babakathy (talk) 06:40, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Buffs (talk) 06:58, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

Another fallacy debunked: The truth boils down to: they have the opportunity to obtain copyright and didn't do so. According to the US Copyright office, anyone can register a copyright with them and obtain copyright protections. I offer the following article on just how easy it is! In my opinion, the "they didn't know how to obtain a copyright" or "they didn't know it wouldn't be protected" are simply arguments that the people are ignorant. Ignorance is no excuse, IMHO. If you have the ability to take a photograph and upload it (how else would we get these files?), then you have the ability to perform simple research into how to protect your works. The process is quite simple/straightforward. Moreover, unlike what was claimed above, it is not $20 per image, but $35 per 75 days. You can literally register THOUSANDS of images for $35. Buffs (talk) 22:26, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * These folks just can't get a copyright. It's too expensive/complicated


 * I'm struggling with how to say this politely, but... I frankly and quite honestly believe that your comment above is based in either ignorance or an unfortunate failure to understand the circumstances in which people may live in the countries affected by this issue. Can you tell me the average education level of an adult in Afghanistan or Eritrea? How about the average annual income? I find it fully realistic to imagine an adult artist, author (of poetry, political speech, or the full range of written expression), or photographer who is either totally unaware of the details of copyright law or (being aware) 100% incapable of producing the funding or completing the procedures necessary to secure a copyright internationally. Moreover, even I were to stipulate your point that getting a copyright is as easy as pie, I still would not agree with you that an individual's failure to take affirmative steps to secure a copyright justifies us waiving all of their rights and interests to their creative output. A state of anarchy exists in the absence of law, but the absence of law does not create the absence of ethics or moral duty. There may be no law preventing us from stealing from these people, but there is certainly no similar ethical loophole. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 22:51, 27 February 2012 (UTC)


 * The average Afghani earns the equivalent of US$ 500-600 per year and only 28% are literate. Assuming they could overcome the language and logistical barriers to registering, $35 would still be potentially prohibitive for many Afghanis.  Further, most Afghanis are unlikely to foresee much benefit to registering since it is likely to cost significantly more money to meaningfully defend their copyrights overseas.  Yes, there are issues of ignorance and poverty at play in these states.  Some of your arguments seem to boil down to, we should exploit the poor and the ignorant because the law allows us to, but personally, I find such a position to be very distasteful.  Dragons flight (talk) 23:53, 27 February 2012 (UTC)


 * That it is possible for the creator of a work anywhere in the world to register its copyright in the US, Switzerland or somewhere else is not in dispute. That it is the only way to get copyright for an Afghan work seems true too. But the practicality of it is highly disputable. Thirty-five bucks is lot if you earn twenty dollars a week. And Eritrea is not exactly a place where you pop into your neighbourhood internet cafe and do exactly what you want . Ignorance is no excuse in law, but to say if someone did not know how to get copyright we can treat it as if they did not want to get copyright is illogical.
 * We are also not talking just about uploading files. We are also talking of photographs taken by someone of an Ethiopian (or...) work such as a painting, where the uploader is often not the creator.
 * This particular argument is getting uncivil. I know most of our views are based on our life experiences (which is why I have a lot more to say about ET or ER than AF or IR) but it will help if can stick to the merits rather than saying things about each other. Babakathy (talk) 06:32, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Another stat, 39% of Ethiopian population and 25% of Turkmen population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 per day, 1994-2008, that is less than $39 per month.Babakathy (talk) 06:50, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Awesome statistics...but they are just statistics.
 * By your logic, how we treat copyrights is dependent upon the author's financial status and education level? I'm sorry, but that's just not good enough, IMNSHO. Are you advocating reviewing images from the US from 1923-1989 too? Because that was how it was prior to 1989: you had to pay for and register your copyright. That's still the case in some countries.
 * My point overall point is that you're rationale doesn't hold water. Yes, I feel sorry for their financial status and lack of education, but countries with even less financial/educational options have implemented copyrights on an international level. This argument simply doesn't hold water. It is an emotional appeal, not one based upon fact. Iranians, for example, make FAR more per capita than the other countries. So, are you advocating that these countries do have the financial resources, so they should be treated as copyrighted?
 * Your "rationale" doesn't make sense. Buffs (talk) 05:21, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Buffs you cannot have it both ways: if a probable author's financial status and education level is irrelevant then so is your statement that "You can literally register THOUSANDS of images for $35" is irrelevant too. But since you said that, we have all been pointing out that the $35 you mention yourself is a lot of money for some people.
 * We disagree on this aspect, I doubt further discussion of this particular facet with change that. Babakathy (talk) 06:14, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Babakathy, the point is that the entire aforementioned reason is irrational.
 * It is first a relative aspect that has no bearing on how we treat other images (like those PD in the US from 1923-1989 because they didn't have proper copyright notices and lost their copyright status), so it is inconsistent.
 * Even today, other countries have lower per capita income/education levels, but we don't base our usage of their images upon income or education. We base them on the law and relevant treaties.
 * The more this discussion continues, the more I'm convinced we need to have a discussion on how we treat all "international copyrights". Images upon which the US doesn't recognize copyright are already used as PD images another example. By treating images differently and only having conflicting guidance on the subject, we're going to continue having problems. I'm less concerned with how we treat such files than having a consistent guideline as to how such images are treated. I thought this was a smaller issue, but it clearly has a wider reaching impact. Anyone else agree? Buffs (talk) 07:33, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Buffs you introduced this whole aspect back on 30 Jan when you said Moreover, nothing prevents them from obtaining copyrights in other countries (like Switzerland) to protect copyright internationally.. Everything I have said on people's access to and capacity/finance to utilise such systems is in response to that nothing prevents. We disagree, leave it at that.
 * I fully support your last point, but can I suggest you post it somewhere else on the page, with an appropriate heading etc - it is liable to get lost in this suhb-sub-sub-section.Babakathy (talk) 10:00, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Ok. Nothing substantial prevents people from reasonably obtaining a copyright in another country. As for the rest, working it. Buffs (talk) 13:51, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
 * My last post on this facet of discussion per WP:LETSNOTWINDEACHOTHERUPFURTHER (smile). Babakathy (talk) 14:06, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

Solutions
Any solution must be applicable to all the criteria listed above. I see a few options:


 * 1) Treat them as the US recognizes their copyright.
 * 2) Treat them as copyrighted unless they are PD in both the US and their country of origin
 * 3) Treat them as their copyright exists in their home country.

I advocate #1 as the most usable and in line with WP goals. #2 restricts images that are already acceptable on Commons. #3 is not legally tenable as we have to recognize US law no matter what the host country desires. I'm willing to accept that I may have created a straw man argument here because there may be other options I haven't considered. Please feel free to add your own solutions if I'm missing anything.

Treating images as we treat them now (inconsistently) is neither helpful nor reasonable. Buffs (talk) 08:27, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Commons does not allow any exceptions to rule 2 unless the licence template is either or, so it would not cause us any problems with Commons images. --Stefan2 (talk) 22:35, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Those are the types of images I'm talking about. As for French Buildings, we use them on en-WP at will and I see no reason not to...and commons clearly doesn't erase all of them as I looked up several versions of the Lourve with no problem. Buffs (talk) 00:03, 26 February 2012 (UTC)
 * If you find any images which are not free in France, then it probably just means that no one has noticed them yet. If so, feel free to propose them for deletion. Also note that the Musée du Louvre is PD-old and that it is only the glass pyramid in front of it which is copyrighted. A photo of the main building might show the pyramid as de minimis, which is OK. --Stefan2 (talk) 21:24, 26 February 2012 (UTC)


 * Why do you insist on complex formatting? It clutters up the TOC and makes participation much more difficult for other people. I suspect you won't get a lot of additional participation with the current format, and I'd support reducing a lot of the clutter down to the two or so "vote sections" with the most participation. The simple fact is there is no and there is not likely to be any consensus on changing our current treatment of these images (i.e. regarding them as though they were covered by the Berne convention). Adding 5 or 10 or dozens more sections isn't likely to be as convincing as a novel argument or point of view. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 19:53, 26 February 2012 (UTC)


 * Re: "The simple fact is there is no and there is not likely to be any consensus on changing our current treatment of these images (i.e. regarding them as though they were covered by the Berne convention)." Sorry, but there is NO "current treatment" specified on any page and that's the problem. You act as if your opinion is the status quo when, in fact, there is no standard. Why you refuse to answer these questions or engage in any discussion other than "Let's just do things the way I want" is beyond me. Buffs (talk) 20:35, 26 February 2012 (UTC)
 * As for the formatting, I've edited it slightly. If all you are looking at is the number of sections, then you're right, it won't be convincing. However, if you actually read what I wrote, perhaps it might be more convincing. The reason I split them up was to allow people to more easily respond in each section rather then scrolling through pages. Do you see anything wrong with what I've written? All I'm hearing from you is "no, not that. let's jut not do anything" when that is the problem. There is no guidance on the subject. In this case, doing nothing solves nothing. Why not propose a solution yourself instead of poo-pooing everyone else's ideas? Buffs (talk) 20:40, 26 February 2012 (UTC)
 * There are a number of proposed "solutions" above, several of which I have supported. As you might have guessed, I support treating these images as though they were covered by international copyright treaties. As it happens, no particular position has garnered consensus, which means the status quo ante of this discussion is maintained - a status which was described in the opening of this RfC as "The current situation would appear to leave us in the odd situation where we treat the images as copyright and so should require a FUR etc despite the whole system not really being set up to cover this situation." The OP also linked to a comment from Jimbo saying that we should respect the copyright of works in non-treaty nations, written at a time when Jimbo was commonly understood to have the power to set policy unilaterally. As always, changing policy requires consensus, and as is often the case, there is no consensus here. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 20:59, 26 February 2012 (UTC)
 * You're also ignoring the very next sentence: "The current situation also seems out of synced with current policy where we allow use of images that are PD in the US for other reasons (e.g. time) but aren't in the country of origin." So there are contradictory policies in place. This is an attempt to resolve them. Buffs (talk) 21:08, 26 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I "ignored it" because, as it says, it applies to other images in different situations. Their contradictory nature is your opinion, and one that (at the risk of becoming repetitive) does not share consensus support. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 21:14, 26 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I disagree entirely (no surprise). As Stefan pointed out below, images from Afghanistan are largely PD as they have no copyright law. Images from Iran have copyright in Iran and nowhere else, but images from Afghanistan have no copyright at all. Lumping the two together and saying we're going to treat those images as copyrighted anyway goes completely against the goals of WP. You and I can disagree about images in France and Iran, but surely you aren't suggesting that we should treat images that are PD everywhere as copyrighted. I find nothing in policy anywhere to support that assertion. Furthermore, if we choose to implement that policy we will have to prevent images from Commons. Is that really what you are advocating? Buffs (talk) 00:54, 27 February 2012 (UTC)


 * FWIW, I've edited the TOC properties to de-clutter it. Feel free to revert if you disagree. Buffs (talk) 01:28, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

Related to this discussion, you might also be interested in Commons:Commons:Deletion requests/Template:PD-Afghanistan. In short, one user has proposed stopping to accept any material from Afghanistan on Commons. --Stefan2 (talk) 21:24, 26 February 2012 (UTC)


 * True, but so far 9 people have opposed that user's proposal, and no one has supported it. --Avenue (talk) 21:53, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I mentioned it because it is similar to this discussion that we're having here, not because of any specific opinion of the preferred outcome of the discussion. I assume that the nominator supports the nomination, so it would be 9 against 1. --Stefan2 (talk) 21:56, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * It's now been closed as keep. --Avenue (talk) 15:06, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

Alternative
We started with the statement: The current situation would appear to leave us in the odd situation where we treat the images as copyright and so should require a FUR etc despite the whole system not really being set up to cover this situation. Not all cases are the same, so I would suggest:

1. With regard to copyright of countries with which the US does not have any copyright relations:
 * 1.1 Tag appropriately (such as User:Buffs/PD-Ethiopia in US including )
 * 1.2 Use with fair use rules if image was copyrighted in country of origin
 * 1.3 Use freely if image was not copyrighted

2. With regard to works from countries with no copyright laws
 * 2.1 Tag appropriately (such as Commons:Template:PD-Afghanistan not User:Buffs/PD-Afghanistan_in_US which is less clear)
 * 2.2 Use freely, but uploader needs to show that image meets criteria of PD-Af. Babakathy (talk) 08:41, 27 February 2012 (UTC)


 * One should note that the three caveats on Commons:Template:PD-Afghanistan apply equally to all non-treaty states. Even if the tags are just being used for labeling, as you seem to suggest in item #1 here, such caveats should still be noted on any Ethopian, Iranian, and similar templates. Dragons flight (talk) 19:03, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Excellent point. I'll make those changes in a few minutes (if there are any objections, please revert me). Buffs (talk) 21:17, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ and added to the template list to include Somalia too
 * Support Part 2 With regards for part 2, I concur in general. I've rephrased/moved the Afghan template to be mostly in line with the Commons template. We already have template:PD-Afghanistan, but it misses most of the nuances of the commons template. Probably should rephrase accordingly and we should keep a local copy/version apart from Commons (especially considering that their template is up for deletion). I don't really care which version we use. I'm holding judgement on #1 for now. I see no problem implementing #2, but we should explicitly specify which countries it applies to so there is no confusion amongst noobs (copyright law is complicated enough). Buffs (talk) 18:58, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Great. Suggest easier to have different template for each relevant country. Babakathy (talk) 06:56, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, we should have ouw own templates here, even if similar/identical to commons. Babakathy (talk) 07:03, 28 February 2012 (UTC)

What about...?
Ok, so these are relatively obscure instances that probably won't happen on WP in anything other than 1-2 per year (at best), but what about these countries? In circular 38a, they all have the copyright relations status of "unclear" (I omitted Vanuatu because they are in the process of joining).


 * São Tomé and Principe
 * Nauru
 * Palau
 * Kiribati

Buffs (talk) 22:08, 27 February 2012 (UTC)


 * Nauru has an "Office of the Registrar of Patents, Trade Marks and Copyright" listed as the WIPO contact for copyrights. Assuming it is functional and active, this would seem to imply there is some form of copyright law active in Nauru.  Similarly, there is a "Head of the Service of Copyright" registered with WIPO to represent Sao Tome and Principe.  Palau and Kiribati do not have any official contact for copyright issues registered with WIPO.  Dragons flight (talk) 00:21, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Suggest we treat them like Ethiopia, Eritrea etc (once we have agreed that). Babakathy (talk) 06:59, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I think it would be important to figure out their copyright modus operandi first and then determine how we're going to treat them. Buffs (talk) 05:53, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

So where do we go from here?
At the request of Babakathy, I'm reposting this comment here.

The more this discussion continues, the more I'm convinced we need to have a bigger discussion on how we treat all "international copyrights". Images in which the US doesn't recognize copyright are already used as PD images. Likewise, there are many governments that recognize trademarks as copyrighted even when the US doesn't. By treating images differently and having conflicting guidance & application on the subject, we're going to continue having problems. I'm less concerned with how we treat such files than having a consistent guideline as to how such images are treated. I thought this was a smaller issue, but it clearly has a wider reaching impact/scope. Anyone else agree? Buffs (talk) 14:05, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 1) Buffs (talk)
 * 2) Babakathy (talk)

I recognize WP goal to have free content available as much as possible, but we also need to accept that we are in the real world. Some things that are PD in the US are copyrighted elsewhere and vice versa. I see three possibilties on usage:
 * 1) Keep it as-is (not really a workable option given the problems/inconsistencies we have)
 * 2) Treat all images as they are treated in their country of origin (this still has problems: what if a US citizen takes a photo of a copyrighted building in France and subsequently publishes it in the US as a PD image? The US views this as PD, but France views it as a copyright violation. Likewise, if there is a logo in the US that consists entirely of a few geometric shapes, it's PD in the US, but copyrighted in Germany) I feel that this is not a viable option as it pushes out some images and goes against our goals: what's the point of using images that are PD if some governments are going to say that they are copyrighted anyway.
 * 3) Treat all images as they are treated in the US. This simplifies things (in reality, since the servers are in Florida, we're concerned about US courts) while still allowing for protection of legally-binding copyright protections. I'd like to emphasize that this option still requires all Fair Use images to retain Fair Use rationales. If implemented, we may need to specify how to use/tag international images.

Thoughts? Buffs (talk) 14:05, 29 February 2012 (UTC)


 * Good start, thanks. I'll let others comment for now. Babakathy (talk) 14:15, 29 February 2012 (UTC)


 * The proposed changes are a dead letter; where we go from here is where we are now. As Robert has pointed out elsewhere, the PD-Afghanistan tags and related discussions missed the fact that Afghanistan does in fact have a copyright law. For Afghanistan and other nations, the content that is not legally protected in the U.S. is treated as though it were subject to the Berne convention. This is an approach consistent with project ethics and the international nature of the endeavour. This RfC has not recently had any new participants, nor is any progress being made towards a consensus. As such, I propose that the RfC be closed with no action. <strong style="color:#0033CC">Nathan <strong style="color:#0033CC"> T 17:29, 5 March 2012 (UTC)


 * Nathan while you are correct in some capacity, you are disingenuous with others.
 * Yes, Afghanistan does have a copyright law, but no one here knew that until a few days ago. Had we known, we certainly would have simply lumped them into the same discussion with that of Iran/Iraq/etc. As such, it's simply a red herring
 * No where in our policies does it state "content that is not legally protected in the U.S. is treated [on WP] as though it were subject to the Berne convention."
 * You claim that your opinion is consistent with "project ethics", but you are claiming alignment with something that doesn't even exist. We don't have an ethical code, so claiming this is basically an attempt at a lie. What you are really saying is that it violates your own ethical ideals. While roughly half of the people agree with you, what about the other half? How does this align with the WMF mission "missionto empower and engage people around the world to collect and develop educational content under a free license or in the public domain, and to disseminate it effectively and globally." if you are unnecessarily restricting material? This material is PD and under our mission statement, we have an obligation to disseminate it as much as is feasibly possible.
 * Closing this discussion as "no action" simply leaves us in the same boat we were in before. What do we do with these images? The WMF has already agreed they are PD. People in the US, China, Russia, UK, Brazil, and others can use these images as they wish as they are also PD just about everywhere else too. What you are really advocating is option #2 (listed above), but without answering any of the questions.
 * It is my opinion that the only reasonable choice is to treat files as they are classified in the US. That means if they are PD or under an acceptable license here, we can use them. If the servers were in France, I would advocate the exact same thing for France. If it was in Iran, same thing. By trying to treat all images as they are in the US and in the country of publishing, you introduce irreconcilable differences.
 * I also don't consider myself unreasonable. If you can reconcile these issues, I will acquiesce and agree with you:
 * Images that are copyrighted in the country in which they were taken, but the US does not recognize the copyright claims or that these are an infringement:
 * Image of The Lourve which is a copyrighted image in France, but the US "doesn't recognize photos of architectural works as a violation of copyright" (note that other images of The Lourve exist on Commons and enacting the rules as you describe will require us to block these images from use)
 * A logo copyrighted in Brazil, but for which the US doesn't recognize copyright claims, only trademark protection
 * Another example of the above case
 * Copyrighted in its home country, but the US doesn't recognize this copyright claim either
 * Works of a US federal official in the performance of his/her duties are PD by US law (even overseas), but Afghanistan affords it copyright protection under Chapter 2 of their Copy Right law
 * Images that are PD in the US, were first published in the US, but are recognized as copyrighted elsewhere
 * First published in the US but taken in Japan which recognizes the image as copyrighted until 70 years pma
 * Afghanistan recognizes this image as copyrighted until 2027 (50 years past publication)
 * PD in the US for failure to follow copyright laws, but copyrighted in France which doesn't recognize the copyright of the longer term and will keep it copyrighted until 70 years pma
 * In short is isn't so simple to say "We'll just recognize it as the country where it came from" because that doesn't reflect how other countries allow such images to be used. Buffs (talk) 02:29, 6 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I just went through the voting above and there is a very clear absence of consensus (9/10, 9/9, 6/6). There seems to be equally strong support for (and opposition to) treat per us Copyright law only and treat per home copyright maybe + fair use rules. However, I do think it is worth working towards a compromise - Buffs and I already discussed one solution that would be explicitly for countries with no copyright law at all relations with US (as opposed to France/Mexico where there are copyright relations but differences) . Let's give this some more work. Babakathy (talk) 07:19, 6 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Japan is life+50 years (or publication+50 years for works for hire), not live+70 years. Besides, you seem to miss the point because what matters is not the country of creation but the country of first publication. --Stefan2 (talk) 10:45, 6 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Not true. I can't take a picture of something copyrighted (a hi-res image of a painting for example) and then go to Eritrea to publish it. That image is of a copyrighted work and it retains its copyright as a derivative of said copyrighted work. With respect to the image from Japan, that image was published in BOTH Japan and the US back when the US required you to annotate the copyright notice and register your copyright. Japan didn't have the same provisions and retroactively applied modern provisions to older works. Buffs (talk) 18:00, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

Any chance that this RfC can be closed at some point? --Stefan2 (talk) 01:21, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
 * It's been at Administrators' noticeboard/Requests for closure for over a month now. I can't close it as I'm obviously involved, Moonriddengirl has declined due to her involvement in her WMF role and no one else seems to want to take it on.  If you have any ideas about a neutral admin or experienced editor that may want to please feel free to ask them (in a neutral way). Dpmuk (talk) 13:36, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

Closure
It's now been over two months since this discussion ground to a halt, without any sign (despite repeated requests) of anyone being willing to close. So I've taken on this thankless task.

Principles:
 * 1) Change is costly. Changing things means changing infrastructure and educating users on the new situation. We should only do it when it's clear that the benefits outweigh the costs, and that the change is well-supported by the community.
 * 2) Wikipedia aims to be a free content encyclopedia, and to spread knowledge throughout the world.
 * 3) The United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights states (Article 27(2)) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

Findings:
 * 1) Various countries listed at Non-U.S._copyrights currently don't have copyright relations with the US, and therefore works copyrighted in those countries aren't copyrighted in the US. They are therefore legally in the public domain in the US, and there is no legal impediment to their use on this basis. There are however ethical arguments against their use.
 * 2) If those countries sign the relevant international agreements, works copyrighted there will become copyrighted in the US (and in most other countries). This might mean removal of the images would be required, or addition of Fair Use Rationales.
 * 3) Option 1 (country-specific PD templates, eg User:Buffs/PD-Iraq_in_US) is carried without opposition. Such templates allow all files to be identified if the situation for a country changes.
 * 4) Usage Option 1 (use such files as PD, with appropriate templates for identification) has no consensus, and leans oppose.
 * 5) Usage Option 2 and Usage Option 3 (which are virtually identical, and are to treat the files as non-free and apply fair-use rationales for each use) have no consensus. Two variations on this theme, Usage Option 4 and Usage Option 5 (treat files as if international copyright agreements had been signed by the few countries that haven't) are respectively strongly opposed and have no consensus.
 * 6) The final arrangement proposal was opposed.

I believe that this means that all of this discussion, whilst it has clarified a lot of things, shows How do we deal with this? By relying on principles 1, 2 and 3 cited above. Each of these points towards sticking with the status quo ante, and that is my conclusion.
 * 1) no consensus for the status quo ante, which is Jimbo's stance that (quoting from Copyrights, not his words) "Wikipedia contributors should respect the copyright law of other nations, even if these do not have official copyright relations with the United States". Various usage options supporting the status quo were rejected or did not gain consensus.
 * 2) no consensus for change.

To this I would add a comment: some of the objections to respecting the copyright law of the relevant nations is that quite often Wikipedia practice chooses US copyright law over local copyright law, where they conflict and this approach places the content in the public domain in the US. I want to point out the distinction between (i) choosing to go with US law in a conflict situation between US and local law, resolving that conflict in accordance with international law and (ii) ignoring local law because the country hasn't signed the appropriate international agreements. In situation (i), the authors have had a chance to have their rights respected, and conflicts resolved by interpretation of the law; in situation (ii), the authors have not had that chance. I think this is worth saying in order to distinguish the situation we're discussing from many other situations that can be argued to be similar. Rd232 talk 18:07, 12 May 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.