Wikipedia talk:Education program archive/College of Staten Island/History of Design and Digital Media (Fall 2013)

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Origins of writing: Mesopotamia, Egypt, China - Chapters 1-4
ADDED: Definition of Graphic Design: The arrangement of words shapes and images
 * Pictogram
 * Cuneiform
 * Heiroglyph vs Demotic (Egyptian)


 * Book of the Dead - Egyptian
 * Code of Hammurabi (900BC) - Language is used for Law & Religion Defines Society
 * Writing used for Commerce
 * Rosetta Stone

Illuminated Manuscripts
Book of Kells 800CE - Codex
 * Handwritten
 * Spacing between words
 * Carpets
 * Diminuendo / Half Uncials (almost lowercase ish)
 * Frames
 * Gothic

Coronation Gospels
 * Charlemagne's coronation
 * Realistic images. You can see depth, and shading.

Blackletter, Old Style, Textura

Chapter five, Gutenberg / Printing Press
First book was the Bible, set in Textura, imitating handwriting
 * Moveable type by Johannes Gutenberg
 * 1439
 * Special Metal / cheap and melted & hardened quickly
 * Punch, Matrix, and Mold
 * Paper & Oil Based Ink
 * Better Press

Impact
 * Some Increased Literacy & Communication / Royalty & Clergy
 * Results in the Protestant Reformation

Six, Albrecht Durer
Albrecht Durer
 * mastering the illustration.
 * Woodblock, etching, engraving.
 * Crosshatching.

Seven, Age of Enlightenment
Erhard Ratdolt
 * Borders and Margins.
 * Decoration.
 * Cast his border (not hand drawn)

Eight, Typography
ADDED: Anatomy of Type

Romain du Roi, 1702. For the King.
Three eras of typography: Old Style, Transitional, Modern
 * First transitional typeface. Based off of geometry, not Pen or Chisel
 * Old Style: handwriting, even thickness, tight letterspacing
 * Transitional (Caslon, Baskerville): Geometry, varied thickness, serifs
 * Modern (Bodoni), extreme contrast between thick and thin - after the french revolution, and symbolized modernity

Chapter 9, Industrial Revolution
Changes in Society:
 * Engine/Automation
 * Cities
 * Mass Media & Communication
 * Consumer Culture/Standardization
 * Travel/Railroad

Changes in the social impact of Design & Publishing
 * Commercialization of books
 * Increase in literacy
 * mass culture

Changes in Printing Technology
 * Linotype
 * steam press & automation
 * photography
 * color/lithography(illustrated books)

Photography:
 * Daguerre
 * Henry Fox Talbot
 * Edward Muybridge

Typography
 * Big ([[12 line pica)
 * San Serif (Caslon IV, Vincent Figgins)
 * Fat Face (Robert Thorne)
 * Ornamental, Decorative, Tuscan, Outline, etc

Ch 10, Arts and Crafts
Reaction to standardization of industrial revolution William Morris / architecture, furniture as well as design Arthur Mackmurdo / Hobby Horse Frederic Goudy / Typographic revivals

Art Nouveau
Artists you need to know:
 * Symbolic (Gothic) representation of women, hair, and nature
 * Flat color
 * Comes from Japanese woodblock prints
 * Jules Cheret
 * Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
 * Alphonse Mucha

Semiotics

 * Signifier (Apple - the word) and Signified (your apple, my apple, everyone has their own interpretation)
 * Referent (ur Apple. The Ideal Apple. Does not really exist.)

Picasso & Duchamp

 * Photography -> Liberates Painting
 * Pablo Picasso invents cubism, collage. Experimentation with media
 * Marcel Duchamp explores found objects. Dada. Bicycle Wheel (Two useful objects made useless)
 * Dada: Reaction to World War I, Senseless violence -> make nonsense.
 * Hannah Hoch
 * John Heartfield
 * Tristan Tzara
 * Dada -> Surealism
 * Cubism - > Suprematism - > Constructivism

Ch 14, Plakatstil.
Plakatstil
 * 1905 onwards
 * It means Poster Style in German.
 * Posters are important b/c we are in the city walking around. No TV/Radio yet.
 * A. M. Cassandre

Ch 15, Constructivism

 * Russian
 * El Lissitsky
 * Mayakovsky
 * Strong sense of grid in layout
 * Piet Mondrian
 * Moholy-Nagy: grid in design, type set vertically, integration with photographs

ch 16, Bauhaus
Bauhaus
 * 1919-1933
 * Design School
 * unify the arts and technologies
 * Nazis shut it down
 * Jan Tschichold - New Typography.

[]


 * Clear
 * Emphasized Negative Space
 * asymmetry on a grid

Ch 18, International Style

 * Grid
 * San Serif (Helvetica)
 * Objective Photographs
 * Left justify, with right rag

Ch 20, Corporate Design

 * Global push leads to emphasis on transcultural logos: Shapes not Words
 * MODERNISM!
 * Simple, Timeless (always already and forever), adapt to different contexts (TV, packaging, Trees), overcome language barriers
 * Paul Rand
 * William Goldman - CBS
 * Chermayeff & Geismar - Chase

Postmodernism
Reaction to Modernism
 * Mannerism - Decoration (loud, garish, humor, breaking rules)
 * Historical citation
 * Vernacular


 * April Greiman / LA
 * Paula Scher / NYC - Public Theater
 * NOSTALGIA!!!
 * Manhattan Design MTV logo - always changing, keeps its integrity

Digital Design

 * ~1984 desktop home computers. Mac SE.
 * Desktop Publishing
 * Pixels. On the screen.
 * Screen Fonts -- designed just for pixels on screen.
 * Emigre (magazine) / Rudy VanderLans
 * Zuzana Licko / Screen fonts
 * Katherine McCoy - Rules are meant to be broken (but only after you learn them)
 * David Carson - Grunge Design
 * Ed Fella