Wikipedia talk:Education program archive/Northwestern University/Online Communities and Crowds (Fall 2014)

Proposed article topics
''Students, please add your group's proposed article topic(s) under this header. Don't forget to sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~ )!''

Group 6 with Chris, Rajan, Amiko and Rabail will be writing an article about the Indiana Serial Killer. (Rabb8 (talk) 18:38, 24 October 2014 (UTC))
 * Okay, cool. Did you ever look him up and find his name? You'd probably also want to look at WP:ALIVE to make sure you follow the guidelines for writing biographies of living people. SnehaNar (talk) 18:55, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

Group 10 with with Nahee, Katie, Eva, and Jane will be editing/expanding the DiGiorno Pizza stub. Katied44 (talk) 14:59, 24 October 2014 (UTC)
 * ,, and  - Sounds good! Go forth and edit away. SnehaNar (talk) 17:11, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

Group 2 with Deonte, Sally, Malik and Grace will be editing/expanding the Burlesque article. Graciehope (talk) 16:38, 23 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Hi ! Hmm, from what I can see, this page is already pretty well developed, with lots of citations and references in place (even though it's shorter than it could be, perhaps). We were hoping that you would either greatly expand an article that's really a short stub right now, or work on an article that doesn't exist yet. You can look for articles to improve by searching through the list of stubs or through requested (redlinked) articles. Alternatively, if you guys were already pumped about that topic, you could look at stuff that links from Burlesque (maybe different scenes/styles/traditions of burlesque?) that are possibly less well represented on Wikipedia, and expand upon one of those. Let me know what you come up with! SnehaNar (talk) 17:19, 23 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Group 2 with Deonte, Sally, Malik and Grace will be editing/expanding the stub Effects of adoption on the birth-mother instead of Burlesque. Graciehope (talk) 19:14, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

Group 3 - Teo, Zane, Miriam, Vasiliki - planning to edit the stuf of internalized sexism -- Peace: Zanezilla (talk)
 * Thanks for posting, ! Yes, that looks all kinds of stubby right now. Lots of room for improvement. You may want to check out other articles that are related to sexism/feminism that have a similar scope to this topic, and see how they're written. Overall though, I say go for it! SnehaNar (talk) 20:57, 22 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Really happy you folks took this on; I'd noticed that article was pretty weak a few months ago and I was pleasantly surprised to find it much improved when I looked at it today! Great job! Mvolz (talk) 22:01, 14 November 2014 (UTC)

Group of Rose Packer, Lizzie Kreitman, Jack Birdsall, Audrey Seo will be editing the stub of Running Wild with Bear Grylls. Rose0244 (talk) 19:55, 17 October 2014 (UTC)rose0244
 * Hello, Lizzie, Jack & Audrey! This sounds like a great topic and the existing stub is definitely very...stubby. I'll be curious to hear what (Emily) thinks of the topic! To help you get started editing and drafting new content (which you'll do in a sandbox), you may want to check out some other articles on other TV shows to get ideas about how to structure your article; what sorts of sources, images, and details to include; as well as what level of detail to incorporate. For example, this article on 24 is pretty impressive and you can always look to see other articles in similar categories (category links are at the bottom of articles). I'm sure you can find other examples and templates to work from too! Aaron (talk) 21:02, 17 October 2014 (UTC)

Group 9 (Cory Borgman, Dhwani Jain, Theanne Liu, Casey Doherty), after looking through the requested article page will be creating the article Bromantic Comedy --Cborgman (talk) 19:06, 19 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Haha, that sounds great. You'll have to do some work to establish that it is a term commonly used in popular culture, but I think you'd be able to find media sources that do that for you. You may want to look at other articles on genres of movies and see how they are structured to get an idea of what to write about, what sources you can look for, and so on. SnehaNar (talk) 19:19, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

Group 4 Min Woo Cho, Cierra Levy, Alexander Duner, and Ashley Ciurcina would like to create aWikipedia page on the restaurant Oceanique, located in Evanston on a Main Street. We just wanted to make sure that this topic was okay before proceeding. Cierrajadell (talk) 04:22, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I think I mentioned this to Cierra already, but I'm concerned that this may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines. I don't know the guidelines inside out myself, but I encourage you all to follow the link and see what the guidelines are for yourselves, and make a judgment call about whether your article would meet the community notability standards. If you can make the case that they do meet the guidelines, I'll give it my blessing. :) SnehaNar (talk) 19:19, 21 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I share Sneha's concern here. do you have any thoughts on this?

Group 7 (Esther Shin, Tania Arguello, Matt Gallagher, Kurt Imhoff) will be working on Learning styles. Jms457 (talk) 22:31, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I followed the link and it looks like this is already a pretty well developed article. While good articles can always be improved, we were expecting that you greatly expand a stub, or start a requested article that doesn't exist yet. You can look for articles to improve by searching through the list of stubs or through requested (redlinked) articles. Find an article that you're all interested in working on, and post your decision back here.
 * Sneha's is it ok if we do our article on the Theory of Symbolic Self-Completion? It hasn't been done yet!--TaniaArguello (talk) 18:06, 23 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Hi, that sounds good. Just an FYI - I think there was a comment here earlier from someone in your team who wanted to edit Educational organization, and I think you may have erased their comment. While their original response is viewable through the history of the page, it's generally not great etiquette to delete stuff that other people have written on talk pages. No worries though, just thought I'd give you a heads up for next time. :) In any case, I think both Theory of Symbolic Self Completion and Educational organization would be good topics to write about/expand on.SnehaNar (talk) 17:06, 24 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Sneha's Oh so sorry! We decided as a group on the second topic instead of educational organization, so I replaced it with my comment so it wouldn't be confusing! But, I'll definitely follow better etiquette next time :-)

Group 11 (Gabi Romagnoli, Erendira Vazquez-Parrales, Amanda Walsh, Erin Manning) will be working on Catharine Furbish. Gabiravioli (talk) 13:55, 24 October 2014 (UTC)
 * This looks great. Go ahead with it. SnehaNar (talk) 16:59, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

Group 5: Sarah Lee, User: Jmshep, Daniel Mayor, and SangHee Kim. Our proposed stub is the Idea Store. --Zyvzyva (talk) 16:59, 24 October 2014 (UTC)
 * This looks good. Go ahead and expand it. SnehaNar (talk) 17:09, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

Group 8 (Kim Mulier, Carlee Green, Avery Stone Fish) would like to create an article for the fashion trend Ombré. Kmulier8 (talk) 17:32, 24 October 2014 (UTC)
 * That sounds good. Fashion is pretty underrepresented on Wikipedia, so this is great! SnehaNar (talk) 18:50, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

Interesting links from Emily
Here are some interesting links!
 * See how many people read your article!
 * See statistics about articles and users! 129.105.33.10 (talk) 20:10, 17 October 2014 (UTC)

Group 6 Draft 1
Darren Deon Vann is a suspected indiana serial killer of 7 women. Vann was born in Indiana but didn’t always live there. Although he Vann was married for 16 years to a woman who was about 30 years older than him, he was reportedly arrested in Gary, Indiana for threatening the life of his girlfriend[1]. He was charged with a class D felony and spent 90 days in jail[2]. Vann is also a convicted sex offender in Austin, Texas for which he was sentenced 5 years in prison and got released on July 5th, 2013[3]. His wife filed for a divorce in August of 2009 and their marriage was dissolved in April 2010[4]. Within the 15 month period that he was out of jail, he was said to have killed 7 women[5].

As of now, Vann is believed to have 7 victims. Afrikka Hardy, 19, had recently moved to Chicago after graduating from high school. She met the killer at Motel 6 after he hired her through an escort agency. She was found dead at a Motel 6 in Hammond, Indiana. Teira Batey, from Gary, Indiana, left to meet a friend but never came back. Her family waited to hear from her for a few days but reported her missing in late January. She was a stay-at-home mother of 1. Anith Jones, 35, of Merrillville, Indiana, was last seen alive on October 8th and reported missing two days later. Her car was found parked in the driveway of an abandoned house in Gary, Indiana. After Vann was arrested, he pointed the police in the direction of an abandoned house in Gary where her body was found. Kristine WIlliams, 36, was a resident of Gary, Indiana and a mother of four. Williams did not have a job. Her mother-in-law stated that she had not heard from Kristine since February. [6]

Police have yet to identify three of Vann's victims. One, who authorities refer to as "Jane Doe #3", was 5-feet tall and had shoulder length blonde hair with red tints. Lake County Coroner Merrilee Frey describes her outfit as size 3/4 twenty-one black blue jeans by Rue, paired with white, size six Nike gym shoes. Another victim, known as "Jane Doe #5", was a five-foot, three inch tall woman of African American descent, who wore a silver-colored chain link bracelet with the engraving "Best Aunt", and two silver rings: one with scalloped engravings, and the other in the shape of a heart. The third unidentified victim is referred to as "Jane Doe #6" and police believe she is African-American, but have no further details of her description. [7]

When 19 year old Afrikka Hardy was found strangled in Motel 6, authorities used Hardy’s phone records and located Vann. When he was found, Vann had in possession potential several key pieces of evidence which includes Hardy’s phone. During police interrogation he allegedly confessed to his involvement in Hardy’s killing and told police he was involved in other killings. He is currently being held in Hammond, Indiana. His first court hearing was scheduled October 22 however he was held in contempt of court. His next hearing is scheduled on Oct 29 at Lake County Jail in Crown Point. [8] [9]

Bibliography:

1. Oritz, Erik, Courtney Kube, and Jim Miklaszewski. "Suspected Indiana Serial Killer Charged in Second Death - NBC News." NBC News. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. 2. Murray, Rheana. "Indiana Serial Killer Suspect Darren Vann Refuses to Speak in Court." ABC News. ABC News Network. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. 3. Phillip, Abby. "The Online Marketplace for Sex That Authorities Say Led Indiana Serial Killer Suspect to Final Victim." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 21 Oct. 2014. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. 4. Botelho, Greg, Poppy Harlow, Eliott McLaughlin, Ed Payne, Marina Carver, Sonia Moghe, Stephanie Gallman, Haimy Assefa, and Renee Wunderlich. "Who Is Indiana Serial Killer Suspect Darren Deon Vann?" CNN. Cable News Network, 1 Jan. 1970. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. 5. "Suspect in Killings Had History of Violence against Women : East Chicago Community News." Nwitimes.com. 20 Oct. 2014. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. 6. "Suspected Serial Killer in Court on 2nd Murder Charge - Post-Tribune." Suspected Serial Killer in Court on 2nd Murder Charge - Post-Tribune. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. 7. Shoichet, Catherine, Sonia Moghe, Daniel Verello, Justin Lear, Greg Botelho, and Holly Yan. "Possible Serial Killer's Victims: 'They're Somebody's Daughter'" CNN. Cable News Network. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.

8. "Darren Vann: Indiana Man Arrested for Murdering Teenage Prostitute Confesses to Six Other Murders - and Police Fear More." The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.

Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/22/us/indiana-serial-killer-suspect/ Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/22/us/indiana-serial-killer-suspect/ Jump up ^ http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/lake/east-chicago/suspect-in-killings-had-history-of-violence-against-women/article_ab95035a-3267-5e90-9b28-ce969708864b.html Jump up ^ http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/lake/east-chicago/suspect-in-killings-had-history-of-violence-against-women/article_ab95035a-3267-5e90-9b28-ce969708864b.html Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/22/us/indiana-serial-killer-suspect/ Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/22/justice/indiana-possible-serial-killer-victims/ Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/22/justice/indiana-possible-serial-killer-victims/ Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/22/us/indiana-serial-killer-suspect/ Jump up ^ http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/20/gary-women-killed/17598281

Early Life and Education
Kate Furbish was born on May 19, 1834 in Exeter, New Hampshire. The eldest child and only daughter of Benjamin and Mary Lane Furbish, the family soon relocated to Brunswick, Maine. As a child, her father would take Furbish and her brothers for walks in the local woods and even as a young child, Furbish showed a knack botany as she was able to identify many of the area’s native plants. Furbish pursued a genteel education in painting and French literature. This resulted in her spending one year in Paris to perfect her painting. Though she did not receive a formalized high education, in 1860, Furbish would attend George L. Goodale’s botany lectures in Boston.

Personal Life
Furbish was an artist, but also a scientist, defying the societal norms of the time. She led the life of a typical Victorian lady in that she dressed appropriately, attended church regularly, and kept her house in immaculate order, but she was often impatient with other social conventions and took refuge in her family. She is described as being very independent. She traveled alone and did not feel the need to get married. Furbish also participated in activities of the Saturday Club, a group of women in Brunswick who discussed various intellectual and cultural topics, which was used to substitute the women’s inability to attend university.

In 1860, Furbish became very ill after her trip to Boston, and spent the next 10 years recovering her fragile health. By 1870, Furbish had regained sufficient strength to resume her walks through the woods in Maine. In 1873, her father died and left her a large enough inheritance so she could pursue her favorite pastime.

Local residents became accustomed to seeing Furbish on her walks. Some people considered her unusual due to her obsession with the outdoors and flora. She was given the nickname "Posey Woman," which stuck with her and which she felt suited her well. When asked why she was so interested in "weeds," Furbish quoted Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, "We feel the presence of God in Nature there, Nature grand and awful, and tread reverently where all is so hushed and oppressive in its silence."

Career and Discoveries
During the 38 years between 1870 and 1908, Furbish completed the majority of her painting, collecting, and classifying Maine’s plant life, traveling thousands of miles across the state. She often traversed untouched wilderness, and in the process, her self-appointed life task resulted in over 4000 sheets of dried plants and ferns. From 1897 to 1905, Furbish made her now famous sketches of Maine’s 500 mushrooms.

In 1880, when Furbish was travelling in Aroostook County, she came upon a strand of plants with dull yellow leaves known as the pedicularis, or common lousewort. This plant now holds her name, being the pedicularis furbishiae. This lousewort has never been found anywhere in the world except along a 130-mile stretch of the St. John River. This is so rare it stopped the construction of a hydroelectric power plant and dam in the 1970’s in order to protect it. Another plant that holds her name is the Aster Cordifoluis L. var. Furbishiae.

In 1894, Furbish helped to found the Josselyn Botanical Society of Maine and served as its president from 1911 - 1912. Furbish soon collected over 1,300 water colors in a book that spanned fourteen volumes entitled "Flora of Maine".

Legacy and Impact
In 1908, Furbish decided to distribute her research and work. The "Flora of Maine" was donated to Bowdoin College, while her 182 sheets of pressed ferns were donated to the Portland Society of Natural History, and her 4,000 sheets of dried plants to the New England Botanical Club. All together, her work represented the flora of more than 200 Maine towns.

Furbish died at the age of 97 on December 6th, 1931. She was well-known in the botanist and naturalist communities, and her water colors and drawings are still widely praised among professional naturalists. Furbish’s resurgence in popularity helped to increase the faith and importance placed in amateurs in plant-based sciences; she has even been praised by renowned American botanist Asa Gray.

Concept/Definition
The theory of symbolic self-completion refers to the idea that individuals express themselves through socially recognized indicators that they believe are adequate representations of their self-definition, the self-defined personal identity that individuals are committed to. These personal identities are important to individuals because the identities are understood to have “permanent qualities, which in turn have implications for [the individuals’] future behavioral or thinking patterns”. At the same time, these self-definitions are goals that individuals aspire to reach and perfect through self-symbolizing --the act of seeking to attain “socially recognized indicators of the desired identity” when individuals feel their personal identities are “in question” or “under threat”. These indicators, also called symbols, are socially recognized markers such as material possessions and social status. Because it is through these symbols that individuals build their personal identities around and communicate the identities to others, they are “the building blocks of self-definition”. Thus, the symbols are meaningful to the individual only insofar as they adequately represent individuals’ self-definition, regarding their status of accomplishment in the areas they find are relevant to their personal identities. When individuals lack these symbolic indicators to express their personal identities, they seek to “display alternative symbols of attainment”.

Origins
The theory of symbolic self-completion has its origins in the symbolic interactionist school of thought. As is expressed by George Mead in Mind, Self and Society, symbolic interactionism suggests that the self is defined by the way that an individual’s society responds to him or her. This idea helped shape the central ideas put forth in the book Symbolic Self-Completion, which are that individuals have a tendency to define themselves using symbols of accomplishment and that these symbols are used to communicate to society one’s self definition. Depending on the area of self-definition to which these symbols pertain, a different self-definition is thus exhibited.

Self-Definitional Symbols
Research has shown that when individuals are deficient in any self-definitional area, this produces a state of tension and a sense of incompleteness in one’s self-definition. Individuals are motivated to reduce this tension by using alternate symbols of accomplishment in the relevant self-definitional area. In the study “Symbolic Self-completion, Attempted Influence, and Self-Deprecation,” Robert Wicklund, Peter Gollwitzer and James Hilton asked participants to write an essay teaching people how to perform an activity that was important to them and to then indicate how many people should be required to revise their essay. Results showed that the fewer the years of education or experience participants seemed to have in the relevant area, the higher the number of people they thought should be required to revise their essay. The higher this number was, the more participants put themselves in a position to influence others, which the researchers interpreted as a means of symbolic compensation for lacking the relevant self-definitional area. An additional part of the study asked men to make a statement about their ability in the self-definitional area, and results showed that the less education and experience participants had, the less willing they were to provide a negative evaluation of themselves. This behavior remained consistent even when they were told that the attractive female confederate preferred when men were more critical of themselves. This shows how people are willing to self-symbolize even when they know this behavior will be negatively received by society. This indicates that individuals are more concerned with whether their behavior will be perceived as self-definitional than with whether it induces positive or negative judgments. Altogether, these findings indicate that “influencing others, as well as positive self-descriptions, can further the individual’s sense of having a complete self-definition”.

Self-Definitional Threats
The study “Reactions to self-discrepant feedback: Feminist attitude and symbolic self-completion” shows how a threat to one’s identity also motivates individuals to engage in symbolic self-completion as a means of reducing the tension it causes. The researchers, Rudolf Schiffmann and Doris Nelkenbrecher, asked a group of feminist participants to suscribe to a feminist journal after being given feedback on their feminist attitudes. The women who were described as being less feminist, were more likely to suscribe to the feminist journal as a means of symbolically “completing” their self-definition.

Symbolic Self-Completion in Internet Communication
More recent studies have shown how symbolic self-completion influences our communication through online media platforms. For example, Cindy and Eddie Harmon-Jones and Brandon Schmeichel have shown how individuals’ need for self-definition affects whether they share symbols of attainment online or not. They examined academic web pages and email signature files to see what types of academic departments and professors were more likely to enlist professional titles. They found that the lower an academic department had ranked within National Research Council Rankings, the higher the number of professional titles they displayed in their websites. Similarly, the lower the annual rate of publications and citations professors seemed to have, the higher the amount of professional titles they enlisted in their email signatures. These correlations suggest that the enlistment of professional titles online serve as alternate symbols of accomplishment in their self-definitional area; The more they felt they were lacking in that area, the more likely they were to engage in symbolic self-completion online.

Symbolic Self-Completion in Advertising
The theory of symbolic self-completion has a direct application in advertisements. Exposure to media leads to consumers associating symbols with advertised products directed towards their feelings of “incompleteness”. Although the symbol that they ascribe might be unique to each individual person, these symbols can be used to improve one’s sense of self. These symbols give some users a sense of completeness, since “self-perceptions are influenced by product use/ownership when the product has a strong user image and the consumer does not have a well formed self-image”. For example, some products, such as cars, may appeal to a male’s sense of masculinity and suggest that a man is more ‘macho’ if he uses this product. By then displaying these symbols, a person improves their sense of self and how they feel others perceive them.

Materialism and Symbolic Self-Completion
Much of what is colloquially referred to as the “mid-life crisis” can be explained by the theory of symbolic self completion. Symbolic self-completion holds that when individuals feel their identities are uncertain or threatened, or when they feel insecure in but committed to an identity, they are more likely to value symbols, such as possessions, that reinforce those identities. A classic example of the mid-life crisis, the 40-year old man who buys a red sports car, exemplifies this characteristic. He becomes unsure if he has made the right choices in his life, if he’s in the right career, so he counters his insecurity by purchasing a material object that functions as a status symbol, something that both he and others will recognize as a mark of success. Additionally, the tendency for individuals to externalize their concerns about their own lives by acquiring status symbol objects or possessions that reinforce their identities furthers the relationship between self completion theory and materialism. Much more emphasis is placed on material goods, as they can be recognized and understood as status symbols by a wide audience. Likewise, materialism reinforces symbolic self-completion when a society is structured such consumption of prestigious objects is seen as the best remedy for insecurity; individuals see material wealth as the best source of reassurance.

Group 4 Draft 1 (Oceanique)
= Oceanique (restaurant) = Oceanique is a fine dining gourmet French-American cuisine restaurant with a specialty and focus on seafood. It is located on 505 Main Street in Evanston, Illinois. It opened in 1989 and has been in business for a total of 25 years. Oceanique takes only dinner reservations and they begin at 5:30-9:00 from Monday-Thursday and 5:30-9:30 on Fridays and Saturdays, but is closed on Sundays. Mark Grosz is the head chef as well as the owner of the quaint establishment. Oceanique ranked as the number one seafood restaurant in the Chicago metro area by the prestigious Zagat Guide.

Menu
The menu is subject to change daily due to the freshness of the fish and their availability. A varied and large amount of fish that are used are freshwater fish and found in The Great Lakes Oceanique's speciality is seafood, although the menu does include both meat, vegetarian, and vegan options. The cooking style is French, reflecting chef Marc Grosz's three-year training under Jean Banchet of Le Francais'. He also honed his skills in Hong Kong and France. However, Grosz' dishes also incorporate many Asian and Latin ingredients. The dishes are prepared using only local, organic produce and seafood from green-friendly suppliers. For example, one such supplier is Supreme Lobster. The restaurant offers dishes off an a la carte menu but also offers a seasonal seven-course tasting menu. Both options are accompanied by an amuse-bouche and an intermezzo.

As of 2014, the lobster dish is offered at a discounted price, of $25 on Wednesdays in honor of its 25th anniversary, oysters for $1 a piece with a minimum purchase of 3 oysters on Tuesday, and there is no corkage fee on Mondays for guests who wish to BYO. Unlike other days where the corkage fee is $30. Within its menu, Oceanique utilizes an old Polish proverb: “Fish, to taste right, must swim three times: in water, in butter, and in wine”. Known for its extensive wine collection of nearly 900 wines, rare champagne, Burgundy, Bordeaux, and California Cabernet can be purchased there. The reserve library includes reknowned labels such as Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, Angelo Gaja, and Domaine Leroy. As a result, Oceanique has consistently won the Wine Spectator Magazine’s “Best of Award of Excellence” every year since 1993.

Contact Information
Phone Number: 1-847-864-3435 Fax Number: 1-847-864-3454 Email Address: info@oceanique.com Website: www.oceanique.com

Feedback
The language here is very upbeat and promotional. Language like "renowned" doesn't belong in an encyclopaedia article, nor do their opening hours, their prices, or their reservation policy (unless there's something notable about it). Consider using WikiProject Food and drink/Foodservice taskforce as a resource. Take a look at at some of the articles that are listed as GA or better in this table and look for restaurants. That's a good model for how to work. Ben's Chili Bowl, El Celler de Can Roca, Pétrus (restaurant) and Sixteen (Chicago restaurant) are all Good Articles, and La Stazione is a Featured Article. Look to these for ideas about how you should write about a restaurant in a way that doesn't sound promotional. Ian (Wiki Ed) (talk) 13:36, 3 November 2014 (UTC)


 * And one more thing - please use citation templates for your references, rather than simply including a bare URL. URLs change over time and the information in a reference can be lost. If it's cited properly (source, page name, access date) it can usually be recovered, while a simple URL often cannot. Ian (Wiki Ed) (talk) 13:41, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

=Group 8 Draft (Ombré)=



Ombré in fashion and art is the gradual blending of one color hue to another, usually moving tints and shades from light to dark. It became a popular culture fad in the early 21st century. In fashion, the ombré trend is found in hair coloring, nail art, and clothing. In art, examples of ombré are found in baking, graphics, oil painting and home decorating.



History
The history of ombré in contemporary popular culture began in 2007 when supermodel Gisele Bundchen dyed her hair in a subtle gradual fade from dark at the roots of the hair to light. Since hair, the ombré trend has inspired other facets of fashion and art such as clothing, nail art, interior design, cake decorating, floristry, painting, and graphics. The ombré hair trend continues to be popular in 2014.

Hair
Ombre hair is one of the most popular hair trends of the decade. It has been seen on many A-list celebrities such as Alexa Chung, Lauren Conrad, Nicole Kidman, Beyonce, and even Jared Leto, among others. The style requires very little upkeep, making it easier to remain on trend. While ombre started out as a fading of one color through the hair from darker roots to lighter tips, it has transitioned to include fading from a natural color at the roots to a more unnatural color (such as turquoise or lavender) at the tips.

Nails
Ombre nails are a recent and very popular trend inspired by ombre hair. The popularization of ombre hair has encouraged the spread of ombre to other facets of beauty. Because nail art has become so popular in recent years, ombre nails were a natural progression of the trend. There are many methods used to achieve an ombre look on nails, but one of the easiest and most popular methods is to use a sponge. The nail is painted with a base coat, usually consisting of the lightest color, and then two (or more) nail colors are dabbed onto a sponge one after another from light to dark and then dabbed onto the nail. Another method of getting an ombre look on nails is to paint each nail in a lighter shade of the same color. For example, one could paint the thumb nail a navy blue and each subsequent nail after would be painted a lighter shade of blue, ending with sky blue on the pinky finger. This would be repeated on both hands. The variety of methods and types of ombre nails have kept this trend alive. In addition, the adoption of the trend by celebrities like Lauren Conrad, Victoria Beckham, and Katy Perry has perpetuated the look.

Home
Following the recent trend, many popular home decorators have implemented ombré into their decorating style. Martha Stewart describes the gentle progression of color in ombré as a transition from wakefulness to slumber. The use of different colors reflects different atmospheres in the home, and as such are used in different rooms. For example, soft, reddish orange tones bring a warm daylight into the room.



Baking
Incorporating an “ombre look” into baked goods follows the graduated color scheme from light to dark. It is typically incorporated through the frosting on the outside of the cake but it can also be baked into individual cake layers.

White cake mix serves best for blue or purple ombre cakes while yellow or golden cakes make good bases for yellow, orange, or red ombre. When yellow cake mix is used for blue or purple ombre cakes, the colors blend and create off-shades

Marketing Examples of Ombré

 * L’oreal Paris USA with the Féria Ombré line of hair dye
 * The New Black Nail Polish: ombré line
 * Diane von Fürstenberg's fashion line DVF
 * Pinterest boards for ombré including one board by Boho Wed and Life with about 28,500 followers.

Effects of adoption on birth mother
The decision to give up the birth rights of a child is a heavy burden on the psychological makeup of the birth mother. Birth mothers can feel a sense of loss for someone who is still alive. She may mourn the loss of her mothering role and for who her child may have become as her son or daughter. These feelings may resurface in later years, perhaps on the child’s birthday, or other important milestones in the child’s life. Some doctors report that birth mothers may feel grief when they have more children because it may frequently evoke the memory of the child they gave up. If they are faced with future infertility, they may believe it is a form of “punishment” for relinquishing their parenting rights over the child. Many birth mothers continue to mourn the loss of their child, but with varying intensity.

Stages of grief
It is not until the mother actually gives up her child for adoption that she experiences, what Julie Axelrod believes is similar to the five stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Inspired by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross’s On Death and Dying, the author attempts to show how those who have experienced the death of a loved one may be psychologically similar to a birth mother giving up her child for adoption. The following occurs in each stage:

Denial
The overwhelming nature of the mother’s emotions allow her to feel numb to the situation. Essentially reality has not set in.

Anger
This emotion is a manifestation of reality, the understanding of how devastating an impact her decision has made on her and her understandable vulnerability. This may cause her to lash out to those closest to her or on herself.

Bargaining
The mother begins to rethink the decision she has made. She feels the need to regain control of her emotional state by attempting to bargain with a religious or psychological figure to rid her of her sense of guilt.

Depression (2 Types)

 * In the case of a death, the mother would begin to worry about the costs of the funeral and burial, but birth mothers would relate those costs to how expensive it is to care for a child.
 * This is a more secretive emotional state, where the mother feels alone. She feels that she is the only one who knows what she is going through, and feels it is best to vent and reflect by herself.

Acceptance
There is no real timetable as to when or if a mother will ever be able to accept her decision, but at this stage she begins to feel at peace with her decision. She still struggles with the reality of the adoption, but understands and truly believes that she was acting in the best interest of the child.

Identity issues
Placing a child for adoption may also prompt identity issues in birth mothers. They may feel a desire to establish who the child will be in their lives and what role he/she will play in their life. Birth mothers in open or mediated (i.e., semi- open) adoptions may be presented with more identity issues as they interact with the adoptive family. Placing a child for adoption does not mean a birth mother will never be able to contact the child. Adoption can include some communication between the birth mother and adoptive family. Both parties need to decide the level of openness for the adoption.

Forming relationships post adoption
Some birth mothers may have difficulty forming and maintaining relationships post an adoption. This could be because of persisting feelings of loss and guilt, or due to the fear of becoming pregnant again and repeating the process. Some birth mothers may try to replace the loss quickly by beginning a new relationship, or giving birth again—without dealing with the grief of the adoption. For some birth mothers, the capacity to establish a successful long-term relationship may be conditional on the openness with which they can relate their past experiences of the adoption to their partner. Moving on or the eventual acceptance of this loss does not mean that a birth mother has forgotten the child, but instead means that she has integrated the loss into her life.

Feedback
Ian (Wiki Ed) (talk) 13:06, 6 November 2014 (UTC)
 * 1) You should include references for the 'Stages of grief' subsections
 * 2) Instead of repeating the same reference over and over, do the following When you first use a reference, structure it as . Then, the next time you use that same reference, just time  . That way you save the trouble of writing the whole reference over and over, and you also produce a more compact set of reference, since the source will only appear once, instead of over and over

Peer Review Assignments
SnehaNar (talk) 17:04, 7 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Group 1 --> Group 2's article on Effects of adoption on the birth-mother
 * Group 2 --> Group 3's article on Internalized sexism
 * Group 3 --> Group 4's article on Oceanique (restaurant)
 * Group 4 --> Group 5's article on Idea Store
 * Group 5 --> Group 6's article on Darren Deon Vann
 * Group 6 --> Group 7's article on Draft:Symbolic Self-Completion Theory
 * Group 7 --> Group 8's article on Ombré
 * Group 8 --> Group 9's article on Bromantic comedy
 * Group 9 --> Group 10's article on DiGiorno pizzas
 * Group 10 --> Group 11's article on Catharine Furbish
 * Group 11 --> Group 1's article on Running Wild with Bear Grylls