William Armstrong (Virginia politician)

William Armstrong (December 23, 1782 – May 10, 1865) was an American lawyer, civil servant, politician, and businessperson. He represented Hampshire County in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1818 to 1820, and Virginia's 16th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1825 to 1833.

Armstrong was born in 1782 in Lisburn, County Antrim, Kingdom of Ireland (in present-day Northern Ireland), and emigrated to the United States in 1792. He studied law under Charles Magill, became a lawyer, and settled in Hampshire County, Virginia (present-day West Virginia). Armstrong served in a number of civil service positions, including postmaster of Paddytown (present-day Keyser); U.S. tax collector appointed by President James Madison; director of the Bank of the Valley of Virginia; member of the Virginia Board of Public Works from 1822 to 1823; justice of the peace for Hampshire County from 1820 to 1852; and Hampshire County sheriff in 1843. Armstrong was chosen as a presidential elector for Virginia in the 1820 and 1824 U.S. presidential elections.

He was elected to two terms in the Virginia House of Delegates and four terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, two as an Adamsite Democratic-Republican and two as a National Republican. In Congress, he assisted in passing a bill to appropriate funds to construct the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal in 1828. Following his tenure in Congress, Armstrong engaged in the tavern business and operated the Armstrong House hotel in Romney. In 1862, he relocated to Keyser, where he died in 1865.

Early life and education
William Armstrong was born on December 23, 1782, in Lisburn, County Antrim, in the Kingdom of Ireland (present-day Northern Ireland). Armstrong's family was Presbyterian and of Scotch-Irish descent. He was a direct descendant of James Armstrong, who participated in the rising of the Covenanters at the Battle of Pentland Hills. He forfeited his estate in 1666 and escaped from Annandale, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, to County Down. In 1792, Armstrong emigrated to the United States with his parents and the family settled in Romney, Virginia (present-day West Virginia). Following his arrival in Romney, Armstrong worked as a merchant's clerk, and then served as an assistant in the office of the Hampshire County Clerk of Court. Armstrong studied law under Charles Magill in Winchester,  became a lawyer and settled permanently in Hampshire County.

Civil service career
Armstrong served as the second postmaster of the post office in Paddytown (present-day Keyser, West Virginia) from October 15, 1814, until April 20, 1818. President James Madison appointed him a United States tax collector in the 6th District of Virginia in 1813; he also served in this position in 1818 and 1819. In January 1818, Armstrong was unanimously elected as a director of the Bank of the Valley of Virginia's Office of Discount and Deposit in Romney. In 1822 and 1823, he served as a member of the Virginia Board of Public Works. Armstrong served as a justice of the peace of Hampshire County from 1820 to 1852, and as the sheriff for Hampshire County in 1843.

Political career
Armstrong first ran for election as a Democratic-Republican to represent Hampshire County as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1811, however, he lost to Federalists Alexander King and Francis White. In 1812, he ran again for election to represent the county in the House of Delegates losing to King and White. In August 1816, Armstrong and John Jack represented Hampshire County at a convention in Staunton to reform the Constitution of Virginia. Armstrong was finally elected to represent the county in the House of Delegates in 1818, alongside White, and served his first term from December 7, 1818, until March 13, 1819. He was reelected with White in 1819 and served his second term from December 6, 1819, until February 25, 1820. Edward McCarty and White succeeded him in 1820.

In 1816, when Virginia's presidential electors convened at his father's hotel in Romney, Armstrong became interested in national politics. He was chosen as a presidential elector for Virginia in the 1820 and 1824 U.S. presidential elections. Armstrong ran for election as an Adamsite Democratic-Republican against Federalist Edward Colston to represent Virginia's 16th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1825, and won. Virginia's 16th congressional district comprised Berkeley, Hampshire, Hardy, Jefferson, and Morgan counties in the present-day Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia. Armstrong represented the 16th district in the 19th Congress from March 4, 1825, to March 3, 1827. He was elected for a second term as an Adamsite Democratic-Republican and served in the 20th Congress from March 4, 1827, to March 3, 1829. Armstrong joined U.S. House representatives Michael C. Sprigg from Maryland, and Andrew Stewart and Chauncey Forward from Pennsylvania to assist in passing a bill to appropriate funds for the construction of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal in 1828. Armstrong was elected for a third term as a National Republican and served in the 21st Congress from March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1831, and for his fourth term as a National Republican and served in the 22nd Congress from March 4, 1831, to March 3, 1833. By 1839, Armstrong was the chairperson of Hampshire County's Whig Party.

Later life and death
Following his tenure in Congress, Armstrong engaged in the tavern business. The arrival of the Northwestern Turnpike (present-day U.S. Route 50) to Romney in 1830 created a greater demand for inns and hotels in the town. Armstrong and John Kirk, and Armstrong's wife, Jane, and John Baker White were issued two of at least six hotel licenses in Romney within five years after the turnpike's construction. Armstrong's hotel, known as Armstrong House, was built around 1800 on Lot 86 at East Main and North Grafton Streets. Armstrong sold his hotel to Thomas A. Keller in 1848, after which it was known as Keller House or Keller Hotel. Armstrong remained in Romney until 1862.

Armstrong was a slave owner. He possessed 16 acres in Romney, including Lots 81 and 91 near the intersection of present-day Antigo Place and Sioux Lane, where he reserved 0.5 acres for an African-American cemetery.

He relocated to New Creek Station (formerly Paddytown, present-day Keyser) during the American Civil War, where he resided at his son Edward McCarty Armstrong's mansion. His son Edward joined the Confederate States Army, while Armstrong remained at the mansion with his daughter-in-law and grandchildren. He died in New Creek Station on May 10, 1865. Reverend James H. Leps conducted his funeral service in Romney, and he was interred at Indian Mound Cemetery in Romney.

Personal life
Armstrong was first married to Elizabeth Ann McCarty (June 1, 1786 – July 4, 1843), daughter of Edward McCarty and Elizabeth Millar, from Keyser. They had four children together:
 * Eliza Jane Armstrong Gibson (December 21, 1804 – February 19, 1847), married David Gibson
 * William James Armstrong (June 28, 1813 – June 19, 1847), married on December 14, 1836, to Susan C. White, daughter of Hampshire County Clerk of Court John Baker White and Alcinda Louisa Tapscott White
 * Edward McCarty Armstrong (October 18, 1816 – April 1, 1890), first married to Hannah Angeline Pancake, then married on October 23, 1856, to Louisa Tapscott White, daughter of Hampshire County Clerk of Court John Baker White and Frances Ann Streit White
 * James Dillon Armstrong (September 23, 1821 – September 4, 1893), married Anne Waterman Foote, daughter of Presbyterian Reverend William Henry Foote

Armstrong and McCarty were married for 42 years. Following Elizabeth's death, he married his cousin Jane Baxter Armstrong (June 7, 1799 – August 30, 1874).