William Priestley (Liberal politician)

Sir William Edwin Briggs Priestley (1859–1932) was a British Liberal politician from the West Riding of Yorkshire. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Bradford East.

Birth and early life
Born on 12 April 1859, he was the second son of Briggs Priestley, a Thornton-born millhand who became a major mill-owner in Bradford, was Mayor of Bradford for 1877–78, and sat as MP for neighbouring Pudsey from 1906 to 1919. His younger brother Arthur was MP for Grantham.

He was educated privately and at Harrogate College and, aged 16, received the Literate in Arts diploma awarded by Durham University. He displayed early promise as an artist and was the only candidate in his year to gain a certificate for watercolour painting in the Durham examination. His father and elder brother urged him to concentrate on developing his artistic skills, but he preferred to enter the family firm. His father's retirement and brother's early death left him, at the age of thirty-three, in control of the firm (Priestleys Limited) which then claimed to be "the largest manufacturer of All Wool Dress Goods in the world". Priestleys employed 1,200 hands in mills at Laisterdyke, Thornton and Idle, and had sales offices in London, Glasgow, New York and Montreal.

Civic work
Priestley followed his father into the radical wing of the Liberal party, but regarded Alfred Illingworth as his "political father". Elected a Councillor for Bradford's premier ward in 1895, he was prominent in the initiative to municipalise the city's technical college in 1898 and afterwards played a major role in reorganising it on "a thoroughly practical basis". He served as Chairman of Bradford Council's Technical Instruction Committee and of the more comprehensive Education Committee which replaced it under the Education Act 1902. Described as "intensely in earnest regarding uplifting of people through the medium of better opportunities of education", he made several tours of continental Europe and the United States to study different instruction systems at his own expense.

Having unsuccessfully contested the Bradford East Parliamentary seat at the 1900 General Election, he was elected an Alderman of Bradford in 1903 and its Mayor for 1904–5. Local economic depression had resulted in increased demands on Bradford's Cinderella Club, a charitable organisation with which Priestley had been associated since the 1890s and which provided free food, clothing and amusement for the city's poor children. In the winter of 1903-4 the club served more than 110,000 free meals and, by the time of Priestley's accession as mayor, its funds were approaching exhaustion.

At a heated meeting chaired by Priestley in November 1904, it was agreed that Bradford Council would assume responsibility for funding the club's provision of meals. The means by which this responsibility was to be discharged were ill-defined, but the commitment was the first of its kind by an English local authority. Alderman Fred Jowett argued that the cost should be a charge on the rates and in the first instance, to overcome legal difficulties, be paid from a salary to be voted to Priestley as mayor. Unhappy with this approach, Priestley launched an appeal for voluntary funding that raised more than £3,000 in donations. Between November 1904 and October 1905, 350,000 free meals were served to Bradford children.

During his mayoralty, Priestley laid the foundation stone of Bradford's Town Hall extension, and his term of office was considered so successful that in November 1905 the Liberal and Conservative groups on the council united in asking him to serve for a further year. He declined the invitation and two months later was returned as MP for Bradford East at the election which swept the Liberal Party to power. He held the seat until his defeat at the 1918 general election.

Legislation introduced by the new government included the Education (Provision of Meals) Act 1906, establishing the national system of free school meals. The Act was strongly influenced by the Bradford experience and, when supporting it in Parliamentary debate, Fred Jowett (newly returned as Independent Labour MP for Bradford West) emphasised the need for secure funding of the meals system, dismissing the £3,000 raised by Priestley's appeal as "not voluntarily subscribed for its own sake" but payment by the well-to-do to fend off the "bogey" of municipal welfare.

Parliamentary career
Priestley's 1906 majority in his Bradford constituency was 1,108. He increased it to 2,695 in January 1910 and to 3,044 in December 1910 but, following the national split in the Liberal Party, he lost heavily to the Coalition candidate in the coupon election of 1918.

His contributions from the floor of the House of Commons were slight, but he was active in lobbying ministers on trade issues and deserves credit for the Registration of Business Names Act 1916, which required registration of the ownership of each business operating under a name other than that of its proprietor(s). The measure was introduced by him as a private member's bill in 1914, and he successfully persuaded the Board of Trade to allow it a sympathetic passage.

He was ready to speak forcefully on a topic when the occasion required. Thus, in 1917, after the War Office commandeered the nation's entire wool supply, it was reported that “in terse and telling phrases he arraigned the official ‘amateurs’ on the score of their ignorance and bungling”, and he was shortly afterwards co-opted to the Central Wool Advisory Committee.

He sat on the House of Commons Local Legislation Committee and in 1917 was appointed to the Committee on Commercial and Industrial Policy, then considering adoption of the metric system.

He was outspoken in his opposition to women's suffrage, and both he and his wife were members of the deputation, led by Lord Curzon on behalf of the National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage, which sought assurances from Prime Minister Asquith that no women's suffrage measure would be introduced except after a clear expression of support from the nation.

He was a member of the Executive of the National Liberal Federation, 1901–03, and of the committee of the Reform Club, was elected President of the national Museums Association in 1902, and was created a knight bachelor in the Birthday Honours of 1909.

Wartime initiatives
In 1914 Priestley led the delegation to obtain Field Marshal Kitchener's authorisation for forming the Bradford Citizens’ Army League that raised the ill-fated Bradford Pals’ battalions of the West Yorkshire Regiment. He gave £1,000 to the League on formation and, pending issue of military uniforms, provided volunteers with handsome enamel badges to signify their enlistment. He chaired the committee supporting the Bradford War Fund, paid a weekly allowance to the families of Priestleys’ employees who enlisted and, for ten years following the war, continued the allowance to dependants of those of them killed on active service.

Commercial endeavour
It was as a champion of free trade that Priestley stood for national political office, reflecting the dependency of both his constituency and his business on unhindered access to export markets. In trade he recognised the importance of responding promptly to changes in customer taste and of ensuring that advances in product and process compensated for what he saw as inevitable increases in British labour rates. The scale of economic demand in the 20th century presented, he said, challenges which individualism struggled to meet and which required effective combinations of resource and ideas and of capital and labour.

His personal knowledge of textile manufacturing technique and markets was comprehensive: he was the inventor of several improvements in production processes, involved himself in all departments of his business, travelled extensively in pursuit of export opportunities and better supply arrangements (the firm's wool was largely sourced from Australia) and was an accomplished promoter of Priestleys’ products. He believed the long-term success of a business involved “building up a strong and wealthy community”, and was reported to have good rapport with and respect among his workforce.

He was a key figure in the formation of the Textile Institute in 1910, contributed substantially to its Foundation Fund, succeeded Lord Rotherham as its President in 1913, and was made a Fellow of the Institute in 1927. He was senior Vice-President of the Bradford Chamber of Commerce and, in 1916, was elected an Honorary Secretary of the Association of Chambers of Commerce of Great Britain.

The Priestley Cup
In 1904, the year following its formation, the Bradford Cricket League introduced a series of limited-overs matches in which member clubs competed annually for a silver trophy donated by Priestley, who was the League's President. The competition, intended to raise income for local charities from gate-money, quickly became popular: 5,000 attended its final in 1904, 10,000 in 1913, and 13,300 in 1918 (when the Leeds Mercury described it as “the chief event of the wartime cricket season in Yorkshire” and suggested the competition had become “perhaps the most popular in the country”). In 1913 the League introduced a parallel competition in which the clubs’ second teams played for a silver shield, again donated by Priestley. The expense of organising matches consumed an increasing proportion of gate-receipts, but by 1929 more than £8,000 had been donated to charity. The Priestley Cup and Priestley Shield continue to be played for, and competition matches have produced many memorable moments including notable performances by nationally famous players.

Priestley also donated silver trophies for local association football, rugby and golf competitions and for award at athletics events, produce and livestock shows. All were known as Priestley Cups or Shields.

Other charitable interests
He was a Trustee of Bradford Royal Infirmary (he gave £5,000 to its building fund), of the Bradford Tradesmen's Home (a complex of almshouses in Manningham), and of other local benevolent institutions. He subscribed the funds enabling the Cinderella Club to provide day-excursions for poor widows and entertainments for large numbers of disadvantaged children and, together with his wife, took a particular interest in the children's holiday home established by the Club at Hest Bank, Morecambe, which he opened in 1905. He was President of the Club from 1918 until his death.

He was Patron of the Morecambe branch of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, Chairman of the Institution's Bradford Branch and a national Vice-President of the Institution. In 1933, to commemorate what would have been their silver wedding anniversary, his widow had a lifeboat designed and built for the Morecambe and Heysham Fishermen's Association; watched by a crowd of 20,000, she launched the vessel in the following year, naming it the Sir William Priestley.

Family, personal life and death
In 1883 Priestley married Ruth Craven, fourth of the six daughters of Joseph Craven of Thornton, MP for Shipley. Described as her husband's “alter ego”, she came “from a thoroughbred race of hard-headed people” and was “an ardent Liberal of great intelligence”. Regularly sharing the political platform with her husband, Ruth Priestley was a confident public speaker and held office in several Bradford societies. The couple, who had two daughters, lived principally at Rosemount House, in Manningham, where during the war years Lady Priestley and a team of helpers ran a hospital supply depot that produced over 250,000 articles (dressing-gowns, pyjamas, surgical bandages, swabs and operation stockings) from fabric donated by Priestley.

In 1905 Priestley bought the 1,900-acre Littledale Hall estate, in the Forest of Bowland, on 200 acres of which he ran an experimental farm. He was described as a superior shot, a brilliant billiards player and a very moderate golfer, and was said, like Gladstone, to enjoy chopping down a tree.

He was a Council member and Vice-President of the Bronte Society - to which he lent his collection of Charlotte's pencil drawings and watercolours, together with letters written by her and her father, all exhibited at the opening of the Society's first museum at Haworth in 1895. William Scruton's Thornton and the Brontes was dedicated to Priestley, who sent copies of the volume to every member of the Society as a Christmas gift in 1898. His library at Rosemount included several volumes inscribed by Patrick Bronte, as well as important first editions.

He died at Rosemount on 25 March 1932. Following cremation his ashes were scattered on his Littledale estate. His coat of arms is displayed in the oriel window of the Banqueting Hall of Bradford City Hall. His widow lived at Rosemount until her death, aged 98, in 1954.