Williamsport, Pennsylvania

Williamsport is a city in and the county seat of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 27,754. It is the principal city of the Williamsport Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of about 114,000. Williamsport is the larger principal city of the Williamsport-Lock Haven Combined Statistical Area, which includes Lycoming and Clinton counties.

The city is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of North Central Pennsylvania. It is 131 mi from Philadelphia, 166 mi from Pittsburgh and 85 mi from Harrisburg. It is known for its sports, arts scene and food. Williamsport was settled by Americans in the late 18th century, and began to prosper due to its lumber industry. In 1930, the city's population reached a high of 45,729 but since the Great Depression it has declined by approximately 40 percent to 27,754 in 2020.

As county seat, Williamsport has the county courthouse, county prison, sheriff's office headquarters and federal courthouse, all downtown. It is also home to two institutions of higher learning, the Pennsylvania College of Technology, also known as Penn College, and Lycoming College. Williamsport is the birthplace of Little League Baseball. South Williamsport, a town across the West Branch Susquehanna River, is the headquarters of Little League Baseball and annually hosts the Little League World Series in late summer. Other points of interest include the Hiawatha riverboat, Millionaires' Row, Peter J. McGovern Little League Museum, the Community Arts Center, the Genetti Hotel, the Susquehanna Riverwalk, and The Gallery at Penn College.

Williamsport is located 129.2 mi northwest of Allentown and 86.3 mi north of Harrisburg.

Early history
In 1763, the Battle of Muncy Hills took place during the French and Indian War. It was a clash between the Native Americans and colonists seeking homestead sites in Native American territory. In 1768, at the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the British purchased the land that became Lycoming County from the Iroquois Nation who controlled the lands.

In March 1796 the first house was built in Williamsport. James Russell built his inn on what is now the northeastern corner of East Third and Mulberry Streets in downtown. On April 13, 1795 Lycoming County was formed from Northumberland County. It encompassed all the lands of Northumberland County situated west of Muncy Hills and was a domain of 12500 sqmi, comprising most of north central Pennsylvania. In 1796 the first recorded childbirth in Williamsport was James Russell, the son of Mr. and Mrs. William Russell and grandson of James Russell of the Russell Inn, and the first school was built as a one-room log addition to the building that would eventually become the first Lycoming County Courthouse. In 1798 the first brick house in Williamsport was erected on Front Street, between Market and Mulberry, by Andrew Tulloh, a lawyer. The bricks were made on the banks of Grafius Run where that stream crossed Hepburn Street.

In 1799, a post office opened at the corner of Third and State Streets in what is now downtown, and the following year, a jail was constructed at the northeast corner of William and Third Streets. The post office was later converted to a saloon.

In 1801, the town's first store was opened by William Winter on Third Street. In 1831 Jacob L. Mussina established the Repasz Band, the oldest brass band in America still in existence. On Oct. 15 1834 The West Branch Canal opened and the first boat to pass through the canal en route to Jersey Shore was that of George Aughenbaugh. The first freight carried into town was iron for the foundry of John B. Hall. The same year the enactment of the common school law by Pennsylvania Legislature led to public education here. In May 1835, the first public schools opened in Williamsport and also the town's first bank, the West Branch National Bank.

The Underground Railroad, used by enslaved African-Americans to obtain their freedom in the 30 years before the Civil War (1860–1865) included routes from states in the South, which supported slavery, to "free" states in the North and Canada. From 1830 until 1865, the underground railroad, a system of safe houses and routes for slaves escaping to freedom, operated in Lycoming County; many local abolitionists, including Daniel Hughes, served as conductors and agents.

Based on the oral history of Mamie Sweeting Diggs (1933–2011), fourth generation descent and great-granddaughter, Hughes, was a river raftsman on the Susquehanna river who had migrated from Oswego, New York. He lived on the Muncy Indian Reservation until he acquired land off Freedom Road. During his trips transporting logs to Maryland, he brought escaped slaves back on foot from Baltimore, over Bald Eagle Mountain and hid them at his home and in the caves on Freedom Road.

Mamie's grandfather, Robert, helped his father, Daniel Hughes, hide escaped slaves in the caves behind their home on Freedom Road. They fed them, nursed the sick back to health and delivered them safely to the next "station", The Apker House in Trout Run. The Apker House was the home of Robert Fairies, abolitionist and president of the Williamsport-Elmira Railroad. The railroad ran through his property where escaped slaves were hidden in the barn and house and then loaded into railway baggage cars for the trip to Elmira, NY, the next "station."

Mamie's grandfather, Robert passed the stories to his children, including Mamie's mother, Marion. Marion tended the family homestead, maintained Freedom Road Cemetery (where nine black Civil War vets are buried) and passed Daniel's stories down to her children.

In 1849, the Market Street Bridge was built over the West Branch Susquehanna River. It was opened as a toll bridge to cover the state's costs of $23,797. In 1854, a brewery opened. The brewery was sold to Henry Flock in 1865. This brewery was run by the Flock family until the 1940s. The Flocks' business survived Prohibition by converting to a dairy.

In 1875, the first tower clock in the United States to sound the Cambridge Quarters (Westminster Chime) was installed at Trinity Episcopal Church, a gift of Peter Herdic with bells given by judge J. W. Maynard. The following year, the Williamsport Hospital opened its first facility April 1 at Elmira and Edwin Streets.

In 1881, a state law ended racial segregation in Pennsylvania schools. By 1948, all schools in this area were integrated. In 1895, Harry Houdini appeared in one of his earliest performances, at the Old Fair Grounds with The Welch Brothers Circus.

Williamsport was the birthplace of the national newspaper Grit in 1882. Williamsport purportedly once had more millionaires per-capita than anywhere else in the world. For this reason, the area's local high school, the Williamsport Area High School, uses "Millionaires" as its team mascot.

Modern history
The Flood of March 17–18, 1936 caused the river to crest at 33.9'. Flood waters reached High Street. It was known locally as the Hello, Al flood because Al Glaes, operating a short-wave radio station from his home on High Street, kept the city in touch with the rest of the world after the flood disrupted electricity and telephone service.

On June 6, 1939 the first Little League Baseball game was played on a sandlot outside Bowman Field in Williamsport. Carl Stotz conceived the idea of a Little League, and he and Bert and George Bebble managed the first three teams. In 1941 the U.S. entered World War II after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Williamsport native Joe Lockard, stationed on Oahu, gave warning of the impending attack based on radar readings. His readings were dismissed as American B17 bombers coming in from the mainland. Also in 1941 the Williamsport School Board created the Williamsport Technical Institute for high school and post-high school students. It grew into the Williamsport Area Community College, and later became Pennsylvania College of Technology.

Physical geography and area landscape
Williamsport is located at 41.24444°N, -77.01861°W (41.244428, −77.018738), and is bordered by the West Branch Susquehanna River to the south (with Armstrong Township, South Williamsport, Duboistown and Susquehanna Township south of the river), Loyalsock Township to the east and north, Old Lycoming Township to the north and Woodward Township to the west. As the crow flies, Lycoming County is about 130 mi northwest of Philadelphia and 165 mi east-northeast of Pittsburgh.

Historical places and neighborhoods
The Peter Herdic House, Hart Building, Millionaire's Row Historic District, City Hall, Williamsport Armory, and Old City Hall are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Neighborhoods of Williamsport include:
 * Downtown, between Hepburn Street and Basin Street, south of Little League Blvd
 * Grampian Hills, the area around and north of Grampian Blvd.
 * Millionaire's Row, along W. 4th Street
 * Newberry, west of Lycoming Creek
 * Park Avenue, south of Williamsport Hospital
 * Vallamont, the area north of Rural Ave and west of Market St.
 * East End, the area south of Grampian Blvd. and east of Market St.
 * West Hills, the hillside and hilltop north of Dewey and west of Round Hill Road.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.5 sqmi, of which 8.9 sqmi is land and 0.7 sqmi  (6.92%) is water.

Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Williamsport falls within either a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) if the 0 °C isotherm is used or a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) if the -3 °C isotherm is used. Williamsport has four distinct seasons, and lies in USDA hardiness zone 6b, with areas away from the West Branch Susquehanna River falling in zone 6a. Winters are cold and comparatively dry but typically bring a mix of rain, sleet, and snow with occasional heavy snowfall and icing. January is the coldest month with an average mean temperature of 26.8 F, with temperatures on average dropping to or below 0 F on 2.8 days and staying at or below freezing on 29 days per year. Snowfall averages 36.0 in per season. The snowiest month on record was 40.1 in in January 1987, while winter snowfall amounts have ranged from 85.9 in in 1995–96 to 7.0 in in 1988–89. Summers are typically very warm and humid with temperatures exceeding 90 F on 15 days per year on average; the annual count has been as high as 42 days in 1988, while only 1907 and 1979 did not reach that mark. July is the warmest month with an average mean temperature of 72.7 F.

The all-time record high temperature in Williamsport of 106 F was established on July 9, 1936, which occurred during the Dust Bowl, and the all-time record low temperature of −20 F was set on January 21, 1994. The first and last freezes of the season on average fall on October 16 and April 30, respectively, allowing a growing season of 168 days. The normal annual mean temperature is 50.4 F. Normal yearly precipitation based on the 30-year average from 1981–2010 is 41.28 in, falling on an average 133 days. Monthly precipitation has ranged from 16.80 in in June 1972 (due to heavy rainfall from Hurricane Agnes) to 0.16 in in September 1943, while for annual precipitation the historical range is 70.26 in in 2011 to 27.68 in in 1930.

Demographics


Williamsport is the larger principal city of the Williamsport-Lock Haven, PA Combined Statistical Area, which includes the Williamsport metropolitan area (Lycoming County) and the Lock Haven micropolitan area (Clinton County)  and had a combined population of 157,958 at the 2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 30,706 people, 12,219 households, and 6,732 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,456.3 PD/sqmi. There were 13,524 housing units at an average density of 1,522.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 84.1% White, 12.7% Black, 0.4% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 12,219 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.9% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.9% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 18.0% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,946, and the median income for a family was $33,844. Males had a median income of $26,668 versus $20,196 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,707. About 13.7% of families and 21.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.0% of those under age 18 and 11.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Williamsport operates on a "Strong Mayor" form of government, meaning the mayor is given almost total administrative authority and a clear, wide range of political independence with the power to appoint and dismiss department heads without council approval and little need for public input. The mayor is Derek Slaughter.

Williamsport is located in Pennsylvania's 23rd senatorial District, Pennsylvania's 83rd House District, and Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district.

Fire protection
Williamsport Bureau of Fire was established in 1874 after a devastating fire that destroyed much of the cities down town in 1871. It has a cooperative agreement with the Old Lycoming Volunteer Fire Department. Since the late 1980s, it contracts with Susquehanna Regional EMS for ambulance service.

Economy
Williamsport's top ten employers are UPMC Susquehanna, the Pennsylvania State Government, the Pennsylvania College of Technology, Williamsport Area School District, Brodart Company, Springs Window Fashions, Weis Markets, West Pharmaceuticals, and Textron Lycoming Engines.

Williamsport is noted for the Lycoming aircraft engines which is a division of Avco Corporation and a subsidiary of Textron. Brodart, a library supplies company, is also based in Williamsport. Overhead Garage Door is also located in Newberry. Bethlehem Wire Rope, a 46 acre manufacturing complex in Williamsport, with over 620000 sqft under roof, is the single largest wire rope manufacturing facility in North America.

Recently, interest has grown in extracting natural gas in the Williamsport area. Williamsport has become a key area in the Marcellus Shale drilling.

Lonza Group, a Swiss biotechnology and pharmaceutical company, has a large manufacturing site on the western fringes of the city, where a number of specialty chemicals are made that go into a wide array of oilfield, nutritional, personal care, and industrial applications.

The Williamsport Downtown Gateway Revitalization Project began in 2004 in order to attract more people (both citizens of the Williamsport community and visitors) to the downtown Williamsport area. The construction on the Carl E. Stotz Memorial Little League Bridge, the first of many projects, began in June 2004 and was completed in 2008.

Education
Williamsport is the home of Lycoming College and Pennsylvania College of Technology, and The Commonwealth Medical College. There is also a continuing education center of Pennsylvania State University located in Williamsport.

Williamsport Area School District consists of:
 * Cochran Primary School
 * Hepburn Lycoming Primary School
 * Jackson Primary School
 * Curtin Intermediate School
 * Lycoming Valley Intermediate School
 * Williamsport Area Middle School
 * Williamsport Area High School

Stevens Primary School was closed in 2022.

Williamsport Area School District has a renowned music program, frequently ranked in the top schools in the country each year according to the NAMM Foundation.

Private schools in the area include West Branch School, Mountain View Christian School and Williamsport Christian School and several Catholic schools in Lycoming County are run by Saint John Neumann Regional Academy.

Libraries
The James V. Brown Library is Williamsport's public library. The library has a staff of nearly 50 full and part-time employees, and offers volunteer opportunities for youth and adults. With a collection of nearly 150,000 units it offers books, DVDs, CDs, and other resources, while the library offers wireless Internet access, local history archives, and premium online reference resources. As the headquarters for the county library system, the Brown Library serves almost 87,000 patrons, some years circulating upwards of 550,000 books both in-house and through its traveling Storymobile.

The James V. Brown offers preschool and early learning opportunities, as well as programs for teens and adults. The library, led by local retired physician Dr. William R. Somers, constructed a children's wing in 2009 to target educational and social resources to young people from birth through the second grade. The library has since been able to bolster its school-age programming to include teen and tween populations, offering a variety of after-school gaming clubs, arts and crafts programs, and social events that occur on a regular basis. The library's after-school café also provides reading and study incentives for young students. The Pennsylvania Department of Education, the Office of Commonwealth Libraries, and the Bureau of Library Development funds the statewide online resource "Ask Here PA", a free chat service that provides Williamsport and other Pennsylvania library patrons with access to 24/7 reference support.

Lycoming College's Snowden Library and the Pennsylvania College of Technology's Madigan Library are also located in Williamsport.

Hospitals
UPMC Susquehanna is a six hospital integrated health system including:
 * UPMC Susquehanna Williamsport
 * UPMC Susquehanna Divine Providence
 * UPMC Susquehanna Muncy (located east of Williamsport in Muncy)
 * UPMC Susquehanna Soldiers & Sailors (Wellsboro, Pennsylvania)
 * UPMC Susquehanna Lock Haven (Lock Haven, Pennsylvania)
 * UPMC Susquehanna Sunbury (Sunbury, Pennsylvania)

UPMC Susquehanna Williamsport was recognized as one of the 2011 Thomson Reuters 50 Top Heart Hospitals in the nation.

Transportation
Williamsport Regional Airport (IPT), located several miles east of the city in the borough of Montoursville, currently lacks commercial flights after American Eagle exited the market in 2021. Fullington Trailways provides daily long distance bus service from a station in the downtown to Elmira, New York, Harrisburg, New York City, and Philadelphia. Local bus service within Williamsport and to other places in Lycoming County is offered by River Valley Transit.

Williamsport is served by several major highways, including Interstate 180, U.S. Route 15, and U.S. Route 220. I-180 and US 220 run together northeast/southwest through Williamsport, and US 15 joins (in the opposite direction) for two miles. Once completed, Interstate 99 will enter Williamsport from the southwest on US 220 and continue north on US 15, joining only one at a time.

Until the mid-20th century, Williamsport was a major transfer point between the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) and Reading Railroad to Jersey City, New Jersey and Philadelphia, and on New York Central Railroad to Lyons, New York via Corning, New York.

The longest enduring trains service was the Buffalo Day Express to New York City, Buffalo, Harrisburg, Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia, the Dominion Express to the north, the Washington Express and Dominion Express to the south, and to the Northern Express to Erie and west, and the Southern Express, which reached southern destinations.

Freight rail service west to Avis and east to Muncy is provided by the Lycoming Valley Railroad, which has its main yard in the Newberry section of Williamsport, and offers connections to the Norfolk Southern and Canadian Pacific railroads.

The West Branch Susquehanna River is not navigable, but a dam at Hepburn Street provides a large lake for recreational boating, including outings on the mock paddlewheeler Hiawatha from Susquehanna State Park.

Sports
The Williamsport Crosscutters, a collegiate summer baseball team of the MLB Draft League, play their home games at Bowman Field. Each year, the field also hosts the MLB Little League Classic.

The Little League World Series is held annually on the south side of the West Branch Susquehanna River in South Williamsport, where Little League Baseball now has its headquarters.

The Susquehanna 500 Mini Indy Gokart Racing Series was held annually in Brandon Park. During the 2014 race, a fatal crash involving one of the go-kart operators marked the end to the yearly tradition.

Media
Local newspapers include the Williamsport Sun Gazette, Webb Weekly and The Williamsport Guardian.

The local news/talk radio stations are WRAK/WRKK (1400/1200 kHz), WWPA 1340 kHz and WXPI Community Radio 88.5 FM. Williamsport has an all-sports station, ESPN (AM) (1500 kHz). Williamsport is ranked #260 by Arbitron in terms of its radio market.

TV stations in Williamsport are served by the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre market.

A multiplex movie theater on West 4th Street opened May 2, 2008.

Points of interest

 * Clyde Peeling's Reptiland
 * Little League Museum
 * Genetti Hotel
 * Historic Bowman Field
 * Peter Herdic Transportation Museum
 * Thomas T. Taber Museum & Lycoming County Historical Society
 * Lycoming Mall
 * Millionaires Row
 * Candy Cane Lane
 * Downtown Williamsport
 * River Walk

Notable people

 * Butch Alberts, former designated hitter in Major League Baseball, played for the Toronto Blue Jays
 * James Milton Black, composer of hymns, choir leader and Sunday school teacher
 * Ruth Blair, silent film actress, born in Williamsport
 * Gary Brown, football player, running backs coach for the Dallas Cowboys
 * Ernest Callenbach, writer
 * Michael Capuzzo, journalist and author
 * Edgar T. Collins, U.S. Army major general
 * Julia C. Collins, one of the earliest published Black female novelists
 * Henry Cosgrove, Roman Catholic bishop
 * Alexander Cummings, third governor of the Territory of Colorado
 * Allen Ertel, U.S. congressman
 * Joanna Hayes, athlete, Olympic gold medalist
 * Daniel Hughes, abolitionist and conductor on the Underground Railroad
 * James Hall Huling, U.S. congressman
 * Alize Johnson, basketball player, Chicago Bulls
 * Lawrence Lessig, Roy L. Furman Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, former director of the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University, and candidate for the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 U.S. presidential election
 * Harry J. Lincoln, early 1900s music publisher and composer
 * Joseph Lockard (October 30, 1922 - November 2, 2012), U.S. soldier and SCR-270 radar staffer/initial, primary source of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service's impending attack on Pearl Harbor
 * Jack Losch, football player
 * George Luks, Ashcan School painter
 * Henry J. Lutcher, businessman
 * Tom Marino, U.S. congressman, U.S. Attorney, District Attorney
 * Jamie McAndrew, MLB player for the Milwaukee Brewers
 * Malcolm Muir, United States district judge noted for the R. Budd Dwyer case
 * Mike Mussina, member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame
 * Bob Pellegrini, American football player
 * H. Beam Piper, science-fiction author
 * Bill Reifsnyder, two-time U.S. national marathon champion
 * Severin Roesen (1815? – 1872), still-life painter
 * Sal Rosato, football player
 * William Schreyer, financier
 * H. Paul Shuch, SETI scientist
 * Trisha Rae Stahl, actress
 * Carl Stotz, founder of Little League Baseball
 * Mary Szybist, poet, winner of the National Book Award for Poetry, 2013
 * Mike Taylor, basketball coach
 * Martha Dewing Woodward, artist and art teacher in Paris, Miami, and New York
 * Weldon Wyckoff, baseball player