Wyczółki, Warsaw

Wyczółki is a neighbourhood, and a City Information System area, located in Warsaw, Poland, within the district of Ursynów. It is a mixed area, consisting of residencial zones, as well as business office complexes and storage warehouses.

The oldest known records of Wyczółki, then a small village inhabited by petty nobility, come from 1483. In 1805, there were constructed the Wyczółki Manor House, and an English landscape garden, now known as the Wyczółki Park. In 1939, east of Wyczółki was opened the Służewiec Horse Racing Track, which, upon its opening, was the largest and the most modern horse racing venue in Europe. Portion of Wyczółki was incorporated into Warsaw in 1938, while the remaining part, in 1951. Between the 1950s and 1970s, in Wyczółki were built manufacturing industry buildings, as part of the Industrial and Storage District of Służewiec, later known as Służewiec Przemysłowy (Industrial Służewiec). In the 1990s, the industrial activity in the area went to a hold, and was replaced with business office complexes.

History
The oldest known records of Wyczółki, then known as Wyczółkowo (spelled as Vyczolkovo), come from 1483. It was a small village owned by petty nobility.

In 1805, castellan Franciszek Krotkowski, who then owned the village built there the Wyczółki Manor House as his residence. It was placed near two Berensewicz Ponds, at the current 53 Łączyny Street. Around them was developed an English landscape garden, now known as the Wyczółki Park.

Between 1925 and 1939, the Society of Horse Breeding Promotion in Poland (Polish: Towarzystwo Zachęty do Hodowli Koni w Polsce) had constructed the Służewiec Horse Racing Track, located east of Wyczółki, at current 266 Puławska Street. Upon its opening, it became the largest and the most modern horse racing venue in Europe. The track included two circuits the main turf circuit with the length of 2300 m, low located within the City Information System area of North Ursynów, and the smaller dirt circuit, with the length of 1950 m, now located within the area of Wyczółki.

On 27 September 1938, Wyczółki was incorporated into the city of Warsaw. Larger portion of the current City Information System area of Wyczółki remained outside the boundaries of Warsaw until it was incorporated on 14 May 1951.

During the German occupation of Poland in the Second World War, the race track served as an airstrip for the fighter aircraft. In July 1944, there were stationed between 600 and 800 soldiers. On 1 August 1944, on the first day of the Warsaw Uprising, the airstrip had been attacked by the Polish resistance partisants from the Karpaty Battalion of the Baszta Regiment Group. The attack was unsuccessful, with partisants experiencing heavy casualties. Later that day, in retaliation, the German forces had executed there captured partisans and a group of civilians rounded up in the nearby Służew.

In 1951, Wyczółki, together with Służewiec and Zbarż, was designated to become part of the Industrial and Storage District of Służewiec (Polish: Dzielnica Przemysłowo-Składowa „Służewiec”), later known as Służewiec Przemysłowy (Industrial Służewiec), which consisted of the manufacturing industry buildings. It was planned contain 60 factories and industrial plants in the area, as well as residential buildings for 26,000 people. The buildings were constructed in the large panel system technique, marking it as one of the first instances of such system being used in Poland. Its construction begun in 1952. By the early 1970s, in the industrial area worked around 20 000 people. Among the corporations present in Wyczółki, the notable example includes the Służewiec Home Factory (Polish: Fabryka Domów „Służewiec”).

In the 1990s, the industrial activity in the area went to a hold. As such, it had caused the appearance on the real estate market of huge and developed estates, located near the city centre and the Warsaw Chopin Airport. It had then contributed to the development of business industry in the area, and eventually leading to the creation of the biggest complex of office buildings in Poland, which also included northern Wyczółki. Among new investigations in the area, there is the office building complex of Poleczki Business Park constructed between 2008 and 2010, at 35 Poleczki Street.

On 27 June 1995, at Poloneza Street, was opened the Grabów Cemetery, operated by the nearby Catholic Church of St. Sophie Barat.

In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with North Ursynów becoming one of them. It mostly included the neighbourhoods of Jary and Stokłosy, as well as the main circuit of the Służewiec Horse Racing Track. In 2000, its boundaries were modified, with an area between Wyczółki Street, Puławska Street, Poleczki Street, and Galopu Street, being ceded to Grabów.

In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with Wyczółki becoming one of them.

Characteristics
Wyczółki is a mixed area, consisting of residencial zones, as well as business office complexes and storage warehouses.

At 335 Poleczki Street is located the business office complex of Poleczki Business Park.

In Wyczółki are located several ponds. In its southeastern portion, near Pląsy Street, Hołubcowa Street, and Poloneza Street, is the Grabów Lake, in its central portion near Łączyny Street, are two Berensewicz Ponds, and in its northeastern portion, the Wyścigi Pond. Through Grabów Lake flows the Grabów Canal, which then joins with the Służew Stream, near Berensewicz Ponds. The stream itself flows through both ponds, and later also through the Wyścigi Pond. Portion of the stream is also redirected through the manmade Boxer Canal, which also outflows into the Wyścigi Pong.

Near the Wyczółki Street and Łączyny Street, in the central portion of the neighbourhood, is located the Wyczółki Park. It is centred on the Berensewicz Ponds. In the park, at 53 Łączyny Street, is the historical Wyczółki Manor House which was built in 1805. The park complex is a private property, closed off to the public.

Near Bokserska Street is located the secondary dirt circuit of the Służewiec Horse Racing Track, with the length of 2,300 m. Every year, the venue hosts the Great Warsaw Race, which is one of the most prestigious horse races in the world. The main portion of the race track, including the main circuit, is located outside the boundaries of Wyczółki, in the nearby North Ursynów.

Near Gorzkiewki Street, is located the Warszawa Okęcie railway station, which provides transit links with the nearby Warsaw Chopin Airport.

At Poloneza Street, is located the Grabów Cemetery, operated by the nearby Catholic Church of St. Sophie Barat in Grabów.

Location and administrative boundaries
Wyczółki is a City Information System area located in Warsaw, Poland, within the north-western portion of the district of Ursynów. To the north, its border is determined by Bokserska Street, and around the car park of the building at 66 Bokserska Street, in a straight line north from the eastern end of Bokserska Street to Wyścigowa Avenue, and following it until Służew Stream. To the east, its border is determined by Służew Stream, the eastern shore of Wyścigi Pond, the boundary of the Służewiec Horse Race Track, Wyczółki Street, and Poloneza Street; to the south, by Pląsy Street; and to the west, by the tracks of the railway line no. 8.

It borders Służew, and Służewiec to the north, North Ursynów to the northeast, Grabów to the southeast, and Okęcie, and Paluch to the west. Its northern and western boundaries form the border of the district of Ursynów, bordering districts of Mokotów to the north and Włochy to the west.