Wyględów

Wyględów is a neighbourhood, and the City Information System area, located in Warsaw, Poland, within the district of Mokotów.

The oldest known records of localities in the area of modern neighbourhood come from 16th century, referring to the settlement of Wyględowo-Kościesze. It was originally formed from two settlements, Wyględowo and Kościesze, with the latter being originally part of the nearby Rakowiec. In the late 19th century to the north the Imperial Russian Army has built the Fort M as part of the city fortifications. The area was incorporated into the city of Warsaw in 1916. In the late 1930s, around Fort M was built a neighbourhood of single-family detached homes. In the late 1960s and Earl 1970s, in the southeastern Wyględów was built a neighbourhood of multifamily residential apartment buildings. In the 2000s, to the south was built the gated community of Marina Mokotów, consisting of the modernist multifamily residential apartment buildings. Throughout 2000s and 2010s, in the northeastern portion of Wyględów was built a series of residential neighborhoods of modernist apartment buildings, collectively known as the Eko Park.

History
The oldest known records of the settlement of Wyględowo-Kościesze come from the early 16th century. It was a small settlement, owned and inhabited by petty nobility. It was formed from two settlements, one of them being Kościesze, which originally was a part of the village of Rakowiec, and the other being Wyględowo, which was located in the area of current Bełska Street.

In around 1883, to the north of the settlement, and the west from Mokotów, was built the Fort M, located at Racławicka Street. It was constructed as part of the series of fortifications of the Warsaw Fortress, built around Warsaw by the Imperial Russian Army. From 1889 to 1892, it was used as a warehouse. In 1909, it was decided to phase out the fortifications due to the high maintenance costs. As such, Fort M was decommissioned and partially demolished, leaving only barracks and bunkers.

On 1 April 1916, Wyględów was incorporated into the nearby city of Warsaw.

In 1925 in Fort M were placed broadcasting stations of Polish Radio. In the late 1930s, around the fortification the Dom Officer Housing Association built a neighbourhood of single-family detached homes for the officers of the Polish Armed Forces.

On 23 November 1929 at 11 Chodkiewicza Street was opened the palm house and greenhouses, owned by the Zakład Hodowli Roślin (Plant Breedin Works), making them the first object of their kind in Warsaw. The buildings were destroyed in 1944 during the Warsaw Uprising, and the palm house was rebuilt nearby, at 4 Biały Kamień Street. It was again rebuilt and modernized in 2009.

During the Invasion of Poland, Fort M was heavily bombarded and was a sight of heavy fighting between 24 and 26 September 1939. It continued broadcasting radio transmissions until 25 September and was captured a day later. During the occupation, in object was stationed the headquarters of the Warsaw Airport Command, which oversaw units stationed at the Warsaw Chopin Airport, with a staff of 500 people. During the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, German units were able to hold the fort and subsequently used it for offensive attacks against the insurgents based in Mokotów.

On 9 May 1950, at 51 Żwirki i Wigury Street was opened the Mausoleum of the Soviet Soldiers Cemetery, in which were buried over 21,000 soldiers of the Red Army, who died during the Second World War. It became the first monument in Warsaw dedicated to soldiers who died in the conflict, and the biggest cemetery dedicated to the Soviet soldiers in Poland.

On 8 October 1951, at 137 Wołoska Street, was opened the Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior (now known as the National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration). In 1962, at 1 Spartańska Street was opened the National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation.

In 1967, the Gwardia Warsaw muli-sport club begun using the sports complex at 132 Racławicka Street as its headquarters. It included the association football field which became the club stadion. From 1972 to 1985, there was also a public swimming pool. From 1993 to 1996, and from 1999 to 2003, it was also the motorcycle speedway venue. The sports complex was closed in 2012, with the club moving to the different venue.

Between 1968 and 1973, the Politechnika Construction and Housing Association (Polish: Spółdzielnia Budowlano-Mieszkaniowa „Politechnika”) built a neighbourhood of multifamily residential apartment buildings, located at Bełska, Etiudy Rewolucyjnej, Malawskiego, Maklakiewicza, and Miączyńska Streets.

Between 1998 and 2001 at 82 and 84 Olimpijska Street was built the Catholic Church of the Holy Virgin Mary the Mother of Saviour, owned by the order of Salvatorians.

In 1999, at 141 Wołoska Street, was opened the building of the Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering of the Warsaw University of Technology.

Between 2003 and 2006, in the southwestern portion of Wyględów was built the gated community of Marina Mokotów. It is located between Żwirki i Wigury Street, Racławicka Street, Miłobędzka Street, Etiudy Rewolucyjnej Street, and Woronicza Street, and consists of modernist multifamily residential apartment buildings, which house around 5000 people. As part of the neighbourhood was also constructed an artificial pond.

Between 2002 and 2013, in the northeastern portion of Wyględów was built a series of residential neighborhoods of modernist apartment buildings, collectively known as the Eko Park.

On 12 March 2020, as part of the measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration was converted to specialize in treating the disease. On 27 December 2020, the hospital staff became first people in Poland to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. On 1 January 2023, the hospital was transformed into the National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration. Aside from providing healthcare, it also became a research institute. Additionally, it was designated to provide healthcare to the most important people in the government, including the president and the prime minister, as well as international delegates.

Housing
Most of Wyględów consists of the residencial area. Its southeaatern portion includes of multifamily residential apartment buildings, most of which are owned by the Politechnika Construction and Housing Association (Polish: Spółdzielnia Budowlano-Mieszkaniowa „Politechnika”).

Central eastern portion of the neighbourhood consisting of semi-detached and single-family detached homes, concentrated in the area of Racławicka Street, and adjusted streets.

In the southeastern area, between Racławiscka Street, Etiudy Rewolucyjnej Street, Woronicza Street, Żwirki i Wigury Street, is located the gated community of Mariana Mokotów, which consists of apartment buildings.

The northeastern portion of the neighbourhood, to the north from Kulskiego Street, consists if numerous small neighbourhoods of modernist apartment buildings, collectively forming the Eko Park.

Public spaces
To the north of Rostafińskich Street, in the northern portion of Wyględów is located a small part of the Mokotów Field park.

At 99 Racławicka Street, is located the Fort M, a decommissioned 19th-century fortifications. It forms a park complex with restaurants and event venues.

Additionally, at 4 Biały Kamień Street, is located the Mokotów Palm House, which contains numerous exotic plants, including over-century-old palm trees and figs.

Higher education
At 141 Wołoska Street is located the Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering of the Warsaw University of Technology.

Healthcare
At 137 Wołoska Street is located the National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, which operates as the hospital and medical research institute. It is also designated to provide healthcare to the most important people in the national government, including the president and the prime minister, as well as international delegates. At 1 Spartańska Street is also located the National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation.

Religion and cemeteries
At 82 and 84 Olimpijska Street is located the Catholic Church of the Holy Virgin Mary the Mother of Saviour, owned by the order of Salvatorians.

At 51 Żwirki i Wigury Street is located the Mausoleum of the Soviet Soldiers Cemetery, in which are buried over 21,000 soldiers of the Red Army, who died during the Second World War. It is the biggest cemetery dedicated to the Soviet soldiers in Poland. It also includes the 21-metre-tall (68.89 ft.) granite obelisk, and two sculptures of soldiers, Heroism by Jerzy Jarnuszkiewicz, and Sacrifice by Władysław Niemirski.

Location and administrative boundaries
Wygledów is a City Information System area located in Warsaw, Poland, within the north-western portion of the district of Mokotów, in the subregion of Upper Mokotów. To the north, its border is determined by the straight line stretched from the intersection of Banacha Street, and Żwirki i Wigury Street, and the intersection of the Batorego Street, and Boboli Street. To the east, its border is determined by Boboli Street, and Wołoska Street; to the south, its border is determined by Woronicza Street, and in the straight line coming from Miś Roundabout to the railway line no. 8, and follows the railway track to the western boundary. And to the west, the border is determined by Żwirki and Wigury Street.

It borders Filtry to the north, Old Mokotów, and Wierzbno to the east, Ksawerów to the south-east, Okęcie, and Służewiec to the south, and Rakowiec to the west. Its northern and western boundaries form the border of the district of Mokotów, bordering districts of Ochota to the north, and Włochy to the west.