X (Mega Man)

X (エックス) is a character and protagonist of Capcom's Mega Man X video game series, known as Rockman X (ロックマンX) in Japan. First appearing in the 1993 Super NES video game Mega Man X, X is an android member of the Maverick Hunters, a special police force tasked with defending humans and Reploids (anthropomorphic androids similar to X) against criminal Reploids known as Mavericks. X has made additional appearances in the Mega Man franchise, including printed adaptations of the series, an original video animation called Day of Sigma which explores his early days as a Hunter, and as a supporting character in the Mega Man Zero and Mega Man ZX video game series which star his Hunter comrade Zero. X has also appeared in multiple crossover video game series outside of the franchise.

Keiji Inafune and artist Hayato Kaji created X as a contrasting successor to the original Mega Man, with a darker characterization and multiple sets of armor that enhance his abilities. X has been voiced by multiple actors in both Japanese and English versions of the franchise.

Critics have generally praised X, with game journalists often finding him a worthy successor to Mega Man because of his unique traits and complex characterization as a tragic hero who hates violence. His partnership with Zero was also praised due to their different yet complementary skills, although X was noted as being less popular than Zero, and his English voice actors were often criticized as not fitting his characterization.

In the Mega Man X series
In the original game Mega Man X, X was created by Dr. Thomas Light sometime in the year "20XX" and was the template on which all non-Light-model androids, known as Reploids, were based. Light named him X after the variable "x" which, in algebraic terms, represents limitless possibility, similar to X's advanced systems. Dr. Light died before X's diagnostics were complete. 100 years later, X was discovered in his capsule by another scientist, Dr. Cain, who attempted to emulate X's technology and thus created the first mass-produced Reploids based on X's designs. Sigma the Maverick Hunters including X to combat these Reploids, but he later became a Maverick himself and led a massive revolt. X decided to stop Sigma and teamed up with Zero, one of the last remaining Hunters. The original video animation, The Day of Sigma, retells these events before the game begins. In the game, X is defeated by the Maverick Vile but is rescued by Zero. X then faces multiple Mavericks and reaches Sigma after finally defeating Vile with Zero's aid. After defeating Sigma, X continues searching for Mavericks in order to maintain peace.

X appears as boss in the game's remake, Maverick Hunter X, if the player unlocks Vile, which ends with Zero rescuing him. In their next encounter, X once again appears as boss alongside Zero which ends with the former incapacitating Vile, forcing the Maverick to escape.

X becomes a high ranking Hunter in the sequels Mega Man X2 searching for more Mavericks and in Mega Man X3, with a virus created by Sigma that infects Reploids. In his ending from Mega Man X4, after a battle with the Repliforce military, X's constant struggles in defeating new Mavericks cause him to fear that he himself might be going Maverick. By Mega Man X5, X can appear as a boss character in the final stages if the player uses Zero after believing he might be turning into a Maverick due to Sigma's virus. In Mega Man X6, X continues facing Reploids that have become Mavericks as a result of a virus, and he becomes reluctant to continue his missions in Mega Man X7 until he realizes allowing Red Alert's forces to continue unchecked might result in more casualties. In Mega Man X8, X is playable alongside Zero and Axl, who are shocked to discover that all Reploids will become copies of Sigma in the future, leading to fear that the war will never end.

X also appears in the spin-offs Mega Man Xtreme where he fights Mavericks while partnering with a computer genius named Middy, and Mega Man Xtreme 2 where he fights against a "Soul Eraser" named Berkana who plans to resurrect a growing army of undead Mavericks from the past. In Mega Man X: Command Mission, X leads a resistance team to defeat the minions of the Rebellion Army. A mobile phone game, Mega Man X Dive, also features X as a playable character.

X reprises his role from the first game in three mangas by Iwamoto Yoshihiro  and the prequel Irregular Hunter Rockman X by Ikehara Shigeto. Yoshihiro wrote an alternative ending to Mega Man X5 where the now awakened Maverick Zero kills X. However, a guilty driven Zero revives X with his own remains to continue their mission to kill Sigma. A Brazilian comic was also written where the cast often breaks the fourth wall. Although X's characterization in Iwamoto Yoshiro's manga is commonly sensitive, in the adaptation of Mega Man X4 the protagonist awakens a sadistic side when wearing the Ultimate Armor.

Other appearances
X appears in the sequel series Mega Man Zero. In the first game, a scientist named Ciel has created an X replica that went out of control and tries to kill Zero. In the game's ending, the real X appears and, weary of fighting, asks Zero to take his place on the battlefield. In Mega Man Zero 2, X's body is destroyed by the antagonistic Elpizo, but his mind remains active until he fades away in Mega Man Zero 3 after protecting Zero from the enemy Omega. In the last sequel, Mega Man ZX, X appears as a biometal called Model X created by Ciel which the protagonists can use to obtain the Reploid's power.

X appeared in the Mega Man episode "Mega X". He follows the Mavericks Vile and Spark Mandrill through time to the present capture them. With the original Mega Man, X manages to defeat his foes , In Dead Rising, the protagonist, a photographer named Frank West can unlock and wear an X outfit, and he can use it as part of his hyper combo in Tatsunoko vs. Capcom: Ultimate All Stars. In Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3, X appears as a DLC costume for Frank and Zero and makes a cameo appearance in Zero's ending. X appears in Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS/Wii U and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate as part of Mega Man's Final Smash, and Mii Gunners can access X's armor through paid DLC in both games. X appears with Zero in Project X Zone and its sequel. X is a playable character in Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite and Puzzle Fighter with his Command Mission design as an alternate skin. X also appears in the digital card game Teppen.

X makes guest appearances in the Mega Man comic series in stories set shortly before the events of Mega Man X and as part of the "Worlds Unite" crossover event. Writers noted that prior to his introduction, many fans sent them messages expressing a desire to see X portrayed as a darker character. They decided not to start with the Command Mission incarnation, which depicted X as more of a leader.

Original concept
When the NES console began to be overshadowed by its successor, the Super NES, Capcom designer Keiji Inafune embraced the improved graphics engine and developed a darker plot and character design compared to the original Mega Man franchise. Inafune felt that the original title character was too wholesome and that his successor should have an "edge". To this end, he created two new characters for the new "X" series being developed: the main character, X, and his partner, Zero. Inafune's protégé, Hayato Kaji, credited as "Rippa H.K", illustrated the protagonist X but struggled with the initial design. It had a wider palette of colors available on the Super NES as compared to the NES.

Inafune originally created the character Zero to be the game's main, playable protagonist. Fearing a negative reaction from fans, Zero was ultimately reduced to a role secondary to X. Inafune noted that in early sketches, X and Zero were too similar, so Capcom aimed to make their silhouettes contrast one another in order to make the merchandise easier to distinguish. Early illustrations of X made him look like a "cold-blooded killer", which led artists to soften his features in later games. Although there is some misconception regarding X's name since he is referred to as "Mega Man X" or "Rockman X" in some sources released before 2001, Inafune claimed that "X" is his true name.

Inafune and Kaji worked simultaneously on various designs for X with different pieces of armor attached. The ideas for the armor parts arose in conjunction with the rise in popularity of role-playing video games. Inafune felt that Mega Man had always represented a classic action game formula where the hero earns his defeated enemies' abilities, and the armor parts were added to supplement this concept. Although X initially wields only one weapon, the X-Buster (エックスバスター), each armor upgrade in subsequent games enhances its power. In regards to his personality, artist Keisuke Mizuno found him complex and challenging as the first game makes emphasis on the fact that X was created by Dr. Light to form peace with both Reploids and humans, something that puts too much pressure on him.

Since the series' beginning, Capcom artist Haruki Suetsugu had been impressed by the handling of the relationship between X and Zero. From his point of view, X was a character who often made mistakes in combat and constantly tried to improve. As a result, Suetsugu felt he could relate with X, who was written to be a "B class" Hunter in contrast to Zero being the superior "Special A" rank. This allowed him to draw more frequently across the series. Suetsugu replaced Inafune as designer starting in the fourth game. Nevertheless, he regretted some of his illustrations as X lacked the appeal that Zero originally had.

Development and designs
Hitoshi Ariga designed X's secret "Ultimate Armor" (アルティメットアーマー) for the fourth title of the game, available only after inputting a cheat code, and for a corresponding Japanese Bandai action figure under the term "Mega Armor". He was given four days to complete the design, and after finishing the design for the in-game parts, his supervisor told him to start over. After tinkering with the X3 Mega Armor parts, he noticed that attaching them in specific ways made them look like an airplane, which gave him the ideas he needed to complete the project. Ariga recalled creating the armor as a difficult yet fun task, and he revealed that Zero was intended to have a similar set of armor which did not get released at that time. Artist Ryuji Higurashi designed X's new Falcon Armor (ファルコンアーマー) for X5, wanting it to resemble a bird with a beak-shaped chest piece, wings coming out of the back, and a talon-like arm cannon. Suetsugu designed the Gaea Armor, which was meant to resemble Sanagiman from the Inazuman manga series. In Mega Man X6, Suetsugu aimed to make the Blade and Shadow Armors look stylish. Another armor based on the Ultimate's design was made for X to wear in Mega Man X Collection's "X Challenges" mode. The three main characters were revised for Mega Man X8 as Yoshikawa wanted to give them more unique features to contrast their personalities.

For Mega Man X: Command Mission, Capcom felt X looked too simple and wanted to alter his design. Higurashi was originally skeptical about the changes requested, but assistant producer Tatsuya Kitabayashi came to favor the reworked design as it reflected how much more mature X had become after facing several hardships. The staff noted X's overall characterization as conflicted, having a pacifist nature while also killing enemies. As a result, they decided to make a strong yet kind character in order to appeal to the fans, turning him "into a full-fledged hero". Based on his points of view from the original Mega Man X, Higurashi wanted fans to see X and Zero as dark archetypes of heroes rather than typical ones. Nevertheless, the developers were afraid of a negative backlash if the fans found X and Zero to be too different from their original personas. The character redesign involved a "beam scarf" that could be produced whenever X performed a dash. By the time the remake was made, the team decided to stick to Suetsugu's style rather than Yoshikawa's revision from Mega Man X8.

For Mega Man Zero, Yoshihisa Tsuda jokingly suggested making the original X the final boss, an idea that was accepted at first. According to director Ryota Ito, Inti Creates realized that it "wouldn't sit so well with the young boys and girls that really do see [X] as a hero", so they replaced him with Copy X just one month before release. Although Mega Man X8 was released before the first remake, Capcom chose to go with X's previous design as it was more well-known. The original X was meant to interact with the Zero from Mega Man Zero in the video game Rockman XZ: Time Rift before its cancellation.

X and Zero were intended to appear in the cancelled game Maverick Hunter alongside a new human sidekick who would be a "Bruce Willis-like police officer." The inclusion of the human sidekick was to be part of the game's "man versus machine contrast". Maverick Hunter was intended as the first of a trilogy of games; players would play as X in the first two games, switching to Zero in the third game to destroy X who had become "incredibly powerful and infinitely intelligent over the course of two games".

In the spin-off Mega Man X Dive, X was given a new armor, Dive Armor X, by Keisuke Mizuno based on his own proposal. In making it, he adjusted some parts of the original design of the icon size equipment picture when he graphed it as the armor. In addition, according to the character's setting, he added in much eye-catching elements that were never been seen in the series before, such as floating wings, glowing inside the armor and at the joints. The idea to give wings were supported by the hardware the mobile game was work with. Mizuno expressed the original Ultimate Armor and the Mega Man X8 armors as his favorites and expressed desire to draw them himself. For the game, X was given his own rival, χ-kai-, as an April Fool. However, popular response to it led to the actual inclusion of the character.

Voice actors
Megumi Ogata was the first to voice X – the role was listed on her website. Setsuo Yamamoto got Ogata to voice X's yell when performing the Hadoken special move in the first game. She considered the role to be a "first generation part" of her career, alongside other series such as Yu-Gi-Oh! since she voiced both X and Yugi Mutou in their debuts and was later replaced. In Mega Man X4, X was voiced by Kentarō Itō, later replaced by Showtaro Morikubo in subsequent works. Morikubo found the role to be challenging as he was also debuting as a musician during the release of Mega Man X5.

Since Mega Man X: Command Mission, Takahiro Sakurai has been the fourth actor to voice X. He enjoyed voicing X in the crossover Project X Zone. Sakurai described X as a serious character who "hesitates and agonizes, but always keeps fighting. I still recall those feelings when acting as X. He is always fighting, not just against Mavericks but also something inside himself that he can't avoid. ... Anyway, as a gamer going all the way back to the NES, it'll be a bit like a dream world having this great variety of characters joining in." In X8, Sakurai befriended Rumi Kasahara, the voice actress for Alia, who offered to help him. Sakurai wished to sound like Kentarō Itō during the recordings. For Maverick Hunter X and its OVA, Sakurai decided to portray X as a more human-like character as he still did obtain the motivation to fight.

The Zero series features the voice of X in places, but Takahiro Mizushima voiced X in the drama part of the remastered tracks of the compilation. He also voiced Model X in the ZX series.

In English-language productions, X has had multiple voice actors. Ruth Shiraishi, who voiced Mega Man in Mega Man 8, voiced X in Mega Man X4. Mega Man 8 and X4 were recorded in the same session and Ruth did not know her session was for two separate games. For X, Ruth believes that they altered her voice somewhat to sound a little older the Mega Man. Peter von Gomm voiced him in Mega Man X7, while Mark Gatha replaced him in the next game, as well as the first title's remake and the original video animation Day of Sigma. Ted Sroka voiced X in the fighting game Marvel vs. Capcom Infinite, expressing joy when his role was revealed.

Reception
Critical reactions to X have been positive, with reviewers considering him a worthy successor to the original Mega Man. They praise his skills, design, and connection to a more significant storyline. Push Square regarded X as a more anime-like and serious take on his predecessor, designed to appeal to a wider demographic. Justin Koreis of Eurogamer considered X one of the most tragic heroes in gaming history, citing his melancholic outlook on fighting in contrast to the gamer's personal satisfaction. X is aware of how brutal is war and despite knowing the results of them, he is still willing to fight and kill Reploids even if it costs him his humanity. He noted that X's portrayal is highly different from other video game mascots like Mario or Sonic the Hedgehog, who are portrayed in a more lighthearted way. X's relationship with Zero stands out in the first game as X's partner suffers serious damage fighting Vile. In the first stage, Zero encouraged X that he has potential to become stronger than the Maverick Vile and the player is able to achieve that in the final stages now that both player and hero have spent most of their time becoming superior. However, Sigma's survival at the end of the first game generates another double on the player and X as, while the consumer would enjoy playing a sequel, the protagonist will be hurt by participating in more wars. Marshall Honorof of The Escapist attributed the series' success to X's easily recognizable design and his connection to an elaborate storyline with several chaotic yet bloodless situations. Capcom producer Kazuhiro Tsuchiya played the first Mega Man X in his youth, enjoying the successor to the first Mega Man character, X, due to he having new unique skills, helping to popularize the "golden age of action games".

MegaMix noted the character stands out within the franchise due to his sensitive personality despite skills to the point in a manga volume based on the series he is seen crying. The site noted that his design was far more elaborate than previous heroes and contrasted with the well received Zero and Sigma. X was also a more innovative character for his skills in the action platformer games. The manga series helped enrich X's lore such as by showing his interactions with fellow Maverick Hunters or the notable violence when the protagonist defeats a villains but without explosions and instead bodies being torn into pieces. His characterization is notable for being similar to humans to the point he would often shed a tear for the weak ones. A memorable fight in the manga was X's fight with the Maverick Storm Eagle who is aware of his crimes and commits suicide in an honorable manner similar to seppuku. X also has a massive rivalry with Vile who wants to prove the Reploids are the superior life forms. While X suffers notable damage in battle to the point of spitting blood, he is regarded as inspiring due to his struggles against his enemies and how he always comes across as the winner.

The book 100 Greatest Video Game Franchises compared the contrast of X's innocence with his violent surroundings to heroes from Hayao Miyazaki's works as well as dystopian works in general, such as Ghost in the Shell and Casshan. Heather Alexander of Kotaku compared X's lamentation of his actions to similar soldiers such as 2B from Nier Automata, who finds herself in a endless cycle of violence, and Raiden from Metal Gear, who questions the nature of his missions. Alexander expressed feeling guilty upon completing the game as the final narration highlighted X's depression over the chaos of war. Michael McWhertor of Polygon pointed out the heavier themes of the Mega Man X series, specifically X's struggle with the morality of fighting other Reploids, and said that his empathy for humanity made him unique.

X's lack of early inclusion in Mega Man X7 led to negative response. Adam Biessener of Game Informer stated that X had the best weaponry in his introduction and suggested that if Capcom were to make another Mega Man X, X's weaponry should be based on it. Biessener also considered X's armor parts from X6, such as the Shadow and Falcon Armors, to be the best ones in the series. In a comparison of the three main characters from Mega Man X8, Luthfie Arguby Purnomo from Studies on Shift noted that X's weapons symbolized his status as a cultural hybrid in contrast to the Western Axl and the Eastern Zero. X's scarf from Command Mission was praised by Blockfort for being impressive but still felt Protoman's from the same franchise was more famous.

Although Anthony Hubeny from Stockholm University commented on X's portrayal in Command Mission as a stereotypical hero written for a young audience due to the lighthearted premise, the plot takes a dark turn on several occasions involving harm befalling X or one of his allies, resulting in X taking on a more realistic persona where the group is more serious. As a result, Hubeny viewed X as a knight holding virtues, who almost always tries to talk to the enemy before resorting to violence and often displaying noteworthy chivalry. MagMix was drawn into Command Mission thanks to X's new design and his new bonds his allies and across the story progresses, they are further developed until its ending which would surprise the audience. Rosângela Fachel de Medeiros from Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões observed that in Mega Man Maverick Hunter X, while X is portrayed as a weakling due to being the only Reploid in the world capable of expressing human emotions, he is the most powerful character of the series due to the perception that this capability gives him the potential to evolve in an unlimited manner physically and intellectually like humans and unlike other robots. The writer noted that the original video animation Day of Sigma places great emphasis on X's desire to avoid violence despite his strength to fight for others; this contrasts with the villain Sigma who is portrayed as a more competent soldier, capable of understanding X's dilemma. Dr. Cain shares Sigma's thoughts about X's doubts and notes that X still shows a potential for peace that may be better than power, given his ability to empathize with both Reploids and humans. X's ideals about his power were compared with those of Francis Fukuyama regarding how biotechnology could help humans in the future.

Other comments focused on the character outside the franchise. Regarding Mega Man Zero, Jeremy Parish of US Gamer and Patrick Lee of The A.V. Club pointed out that the original plan to make X become a villain marked a dark turn in Capcom's games because it involved Zero working to kill X, the former protagonist of the series, and the eventual revelation that the original X was already seemingly dead. Tom Goulter of GamesRadar referred to both X and Zero as "crossover veterans" and looked forward to their role in Project X Zone. Kyle Hilliard of Game Informer stated that X and Zero were among his favorite characters in gaming and expressed his desire to play as them in the sequel, Project X Zone 2. Magmix noted X had the funniest interactions with fellow character Phoenix Wright from Ace Attorney such as the former asking the latter if can create firepower out of his attorney badge. The cancelled X was compared by Destructoid to Bomberman in Bomberman: Act Zero. He compared it to Metroid Prime's design by noting that the art style did not change much while X's redesign was "virtually unrecognizable."

When compared with Zero, X was often seen as the less compelling character, with Zero being the more memorable of the two. This was reflected in the decision to have Zero represent the Mega Man franchise in Marvel vs. Capcom 3 instead of Mega Man or X, with director Ryota Niitsuma citing Zero's moves as interesting. For Marvel vs. Capcom Infinite, X was included due to his significant popularity with Western audiences. Allegra Frank of Polygon noted that this was well-received by fans, though many were displeased with his early defeat in a preview. While acknowledging X's fame, Game Informer wanted the protagonist to be in a crossover with the series Metroid due to similarities of game design and creatures. In a 2024 Capcom popularity poll, X was voted as the third best character in the male category.

Reactions to X's voice-acting have been mostly negative. Sushi-X of Electronic Gaming Monthly and Hilliard criticized his child-like voice in Mega Man X4 as a poor fit for his character. Mike Wilson of RPGFan likened Mark Gatha's performance in Command Mission to that of a boy scout, while Parish, writing for 1Up.com, remarked that his performance in Mega Man Maverick Hunter X "sounds frothingly pissed-off all the time and feels the need to shout the name of his special weapons every single time he uses them".