Xestia

Xestia is a genus of noctuid moths (family Noctuidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Xestiini in subfamily Noctuinae, though some authors merge this tribe with the Noctuini. Species in this genus are commonly known as "clays", "darts" or "rustics", but such names are commonplace among Noctuidae. Xestia moths have a wide distribution, though they most prominently occur in the Holarctic.

With almost 200 species included at one time, Xestia was something of a "wastebin genus". But almost half of the traditional species are now placed elsewhere (see below), and some of the remaining ones are liable to be assigned to another genus also. On the other hand, new moths that probably do belong in this genus are still being discovered (e.g. X. hypographa, which led to the 2002 transfer of X. ornata from Eugraphe to here). Thus, unless there are drastic taxonomic changes in the future, Xestia is likely to remain one of the larger noctuine genera.

Ecology
Xestia adults are usually of medium size and robust build, with stout hairy bodies and strong wings. Some are quite colorful, with bold lighter markings and hindwings in delicate yellowish, reddish or bluish hues. Generally, they are cryptic while at rest however, with unmarked pale or dull brownish hindwings; they do not have metallic hues and few species possess obvious eyespots.

This genus includes many species living at high latitudes and altitudes, in tundra and taiga ecosystems. Some have two-year (semivoltine) life cycles and only occur as adults every other year; typically the caterpillar larva overwinters to pupate in spring, with the moths flying around midsummer, but some species eclose later, their moths flying from late summer into autumn. Xestia caterpillars are generally stout and cryptically colored; in some species they have quite prominent dark lengthwise spots, but may e.g. be entirely green or whatever else gives best camouflage.

Some species' larvae are notoriously polyphagous, e.g. the setaceous Hebrew character (X. c-nigrum), the food of which includes all sorts of core eudicots – including solanaceae and others which are poisonous to many herbivores – as well as some monocots. The latter are mainly Poaceae however, and few other monocots are utilized by Xestia larvae in general. Ericaceae, as well as Betulaceae and Poaceae, are key food plants for many of the high-latitude species. Gymnosperms are food plants of secondary importance in this genus, but Pinaceae form the mainstay or exclusive food of some species which occasionally become more than nuisance pests. Altogether, Xestia moths are only known as major pests within limited areas or in regard to specific plants, in which cases damage can be economically significant though.

Even though the larval food plants of many Xestia species are not or insufficiently known, those on record are from all major lineages of core eudicots. Among the basal core eudicots, Caryophyllales (especially Polygonaceae) are particularly significant, of the asterids the Asterales (especially Asteraceae), Ericales (especially Ericaceae) and Lamiales (especially Plantaginaceae), and of the rosids the Malpighiales (numerous families) and Rosales (especially Rosaceae). Less important asterid orders among Xestia food plants are for example Dipsacales, Gentianales and Solanales, of the rosids e.g. Fabales, Fagales, Malvales, Myrtales and Sapindales. More basal (mes)angiosperms do not seem to be significant as Xestia food plants, at least not in temperate and cooler regions.

As far as is known, Xestia adults are nocturnal or crepuscular (except of course the high-latitude species), but are often attracted to lights at night. They general feed on flowers with relatively short or no corolla, and will also drink other sugary liquids.

Systematics and taxonomy
Several species formerly placed here are now in Agnorisma and Pseudohermonassa; whether other genera are accepted varies among authors; Estimata, Hemigraphiphora and Perinaenia are provisionally considered distinct here. "Xestia" versuta does not seem to belong in the present genus; it may be an aberrant member of Goniographa, but until this is resolved it is here treated under its original name Eugraphe versuta.

Furthermore, a case for separation has in particular been made for Amathes (possibly including Agrotiphila), Lytaea, Megasema (possibly including Megarhomba), Segetia and Schoyenia (with Archanarta occasionally also separate), but these are here included in Xestia. Some of them are, however, recognized as subgenera, and if the genus is split further would be first to become elevated in rank again. There is no real good justification for either treatment, except that the lengthy process of a thorough revision of noctuine systematics and taxonomy has only progressed so far. H. Beck in 1996 published a comprehensive taxonomic catalogue, introducing generic names for most European groups of (presumably) related species. While few of these seem to stand any chance ever to be widely recognized as distinct genera, this step is likely to have made available a generic name for any taxa that are eventually split from Xestia sensu stricto.

Synonyms
Junior synonyms and other obsolete generic names for Xestia moths are:


 * Agrotimorpha Barnes & Benjamin, 1929
 * Agrotiphila Grote, 1876
 * Amathes Hübner, [1821]
 * Anomogyna Staudinger, 1871
 * Archanarta Barnes & Benjamin, 1929
 * Ashworthia Beck, 1996
 * Asworthia (lapsus)
 * Barrovia Barnes & McDunnough, 1916
 * Calamogyna (lapsus)
 * Calanomogyna Beck, 1996
 * Calocestia (lapsus)
 * Caloxestia Beck, 1996
 * Castanasta Beck, 1996
 * Cenigria Beck, 1996
 * Epipsiliamorpha Barnes & Benjamin, 1929
 * Ericathia Beck, 1996
 * Hiptelia Guenée, 1852
 * Hypoxestia Hampson, 1903
 * Hyptioxesta Rebel, 1901
 * Knappia Nye, 1975
 * Lankialaia Beck, 1996
 * Lena Herz, 1903 (non Casey, 1886 preoccupied)
 * Litaea (lapsus)
 * Lorezea (lapsus)
 * Lorezia Beck, 1996
 * Lytaea Stephens, 1829
 * Megarhomba Beck, 1996
 * Megasema Hübner, [1821]
 * Monticollia Beck, 1996
 * Pachnobia Guenée, 1852
 * Palaeamathes Boursin, 1964
 * Paramathes Boursin, 1964
 * Palkermes Beck, 1996
 * Palkkermes (lapsus)
 * Peranomogyna Beck, 1996
 * Platagrotis Smith, 1890
 * Pteroscia Morrison, 1875
 * Schoyenia Aurivillius, 1883
 * Segetia Stephens, 1829
 * Synanomogyna Beck, 1996
 * Xenopachnobia Beck, 1996

Species
The 110 or so species here placed in Xestia are divided among five subgenera. Two of these are further divided into groups, which are based on phenetic similarity however and may or may not form clades and/or species complexes. Some of these would presumably warrant recognition as subgenera if the present-day subgenera are split off; the subgeneric names that would apply are given (if known) in the addition to the species-group names.

About one-third of the species here included in Xestia are incertae sedis (of unclear assignment). Among this group are a few species which are extremely little known, having been described long ago but studied only once or twice since then.

Subgenus Anomogyna



 * Xestia albuncula (Eversmann, 1851)
 * Xestia alpicola – northern dart (type of Xenopachnobia)
 * Xestia badicollis – northern variable dart, northern conifer dart, white pine cutworm (possibly belongs in X. elimata)
 * Xestia borealis (Nordström, 1933)
 * Xestia brunneopicta (Matsumura, 1925)
 * Xestia caelebs
 * Xestia dilucida – dull reddish dart, reddish heath dart
 * Xestia distensa (Eversmann, 1851) (sometimes in X. laetabilis)
 * Xestia elimata – southern variable dart, variable climbing caterpillar
 * Xestia fabulosa (Ferguson, 1965)
 * Xestia fennica (Brandt, 1936)
 * Xestia gelida (Sparre-Schneider, 1883) (type of Peranomogyna)


 * Xestia imperita (Hübner, [1831])
 * Xestia infimatis Grote, 1880 (tentatively placed here, may belong in subgenus Xestia)
 * Xestia laetabilis (Zetterstedt, [1839]) (type of Anomogyna)
 * Xestia mustelina Smith, 1900
 * Xestia perquiritata – boomerang dart
 * Xestia praevia (possibly belongs in X. elimata)
 * Xestia rhaetica (type of Synanomogyna)
 * Xestia sincera (type of Calanomogyna)
 * Xestia speciosa (type of Platagrotis)
 * Xestia vernilis Grote, 1879
 * Xestia viridiscens (Turati, 1919) (sometimes in X. speciosa)
 * Xestia yatsugadakeana (Matsumura, 1926)

Subgenus Megasema


ashworthii/"Ashworthia" group kollari group
 * Xestia ashworthii – Ashworth's rustic (type of Ashworthia)
 * Xestia okakensis Packard, 1867
 * Xestia okakensis okakensis Packard, 1867
 * Xestia okakensis morandi (Benjamin, 1934) (sometimes considered distinct species)
 * Xestia scropulana Morrison, 1874 (formerly in X. wockei)
 * Xestia wockei
 * Xestia kollari

c-nigrum group Species group unknown
 * Xestia c-nigrum – setaceous Hebrew character, "spotted cutworm" (type of Cenigria)
 * Xestia ditrapezium – triple-spotted clay
 * Xestia dolosa – greater black-letter dart, woodland spotted cutworm, "spotted cutworm"
 * Xestia praetermissa Warren (possibly belongs in X. c-nigrum)
 * Xestia triangulum – double square-spot (type of Megasema)
 * Xestia inuitica Lafontaine & Hensel, 1998

Subgenus Pachnobia



 * Xestia alaskae (type of Epipsiliamorpha; tentatively placed here, may belong in subgenus Schoyenia)
 * Xestia atrata (Morrison, 1875) (type of Pteroscia)
 * Xestia atrata atrata (Morrison, 1874)
 * Xestia atrata filipjevi (Shljuzhko, 1926)
 * Xestia atrata haraldi Fibiger, 1997


 * Xestia atrata ursae (McDunnough, 1940)
 * Xestia atrata yukona (McDunnough, 1921)
 * Xestia kolymae (Herz, 1903)
 * Xestia kruegeri Kononenko & Schmitz, 2004
 * Xestia laxa Lafontaine & Mikkola, 1998
 * Xestia lorezi (type of Lorezia)
 * Xestia lupa Lafontaine & Mikkola, 1998
 * Xestia penthima (Erschoff, 1870) (type of Hyptioxesta)
 * Xestia tecta (Hübner, [1808]) (type of Pachnobia)
 * Xestia tecta tecta (Hübner, [1808])
 * Xestia tecta tectoides (Corti, 1926)

Subgenus Schoyenia



 * Xestia aequaeva (Benjamin, 1934)
 * Xestia aequaeva aequaeva (Benjamin, 1934)
 * Xestia aequaeva glaucina Lafontaine & Mikkola, 1996
 * Xestia brachiptera (Kononenko, 1981)
 * Xestia bryanti (Benjamin, 1933) (= X. acraea)
 * Xestia fergusoni Lafontaine, 1983
 * Xestia intermedia (Kononenko, 1981)
 * Xestia liquidaria (Eversmann, 1848) (= X. arctica Aurivillius, 1883 (non Zetterstedt, 1839: preoccupied), X. fasciata, X. unifasciata; type of Schoyenia)


 * Xestia lyngei (Rebel, 1923) (type of Lankialaia)
 * Xestia lyngei lyngei (Rebel, 1923)
 * Xestia lyngei aborigenea Kononenko, 1983
 * Xestia lyngei lankialai (Grönblom, 1962))
 * Xestia magadanensis Kononenko & Lafontaine, 1983
 * Xestia quieta (type of Archanarta)
 * Xestia similis Kononenko 1981
 * Xestia thula Lafontaine & Kononenko, 1983
 * Xestia woodi Lafontaine & Kononenko, 1983



Subgenus Xestia


baja/"Amathes" group castanea/"Castanasta/Ericathia" group collina/"Monticollia" group ochreago group sexstrigata/"Lytaea" group stigmatica/"Megarhomba" group (= "rhomboidea group", misidentification) trifida/"Caloxestia" group
 * Xestia baja – dotted clay (type of Amathes)
 * Xestia smithii – Smith's dart (possibly belongs in X. baja)
 * Xestia agathina – heath rustic (type of Ericathia)
 * Xestia castanea – grey rustic, The Neglected (type of Castanasta)
 * Xestia jordani (Turati, 1912)
 * Xestia collina (type of Monticollia)
 * Xestia ochreago
 * Xestia sexstrigata – six-striped rustic (type of Lytaea)
 * Xestia sareptana
 * Xestia stigmatica – square-spotted clay (type of Megarhomba)
 * Xestia trifida (type of Caloxestia)

xanthographa/"Segetia" group
 * Xestia cohaesa
 * Xestia kermesina (Mabille, 1869) (type of Palkermes)
 * Xestia kermesina kermesina (Mabille, 1869)

Species group unknown
 * Xestia kermesina virescens Turati, 1912
 * Xestia palaestinensis
 * Xestia xanthographa – square-spot rustic (type of Segetia)
 * Xestia badinosis (Grote, 1874)
 * Xestia bolteri
 * Xestia cinerascens (Smith, 1891)
 * Xestia conchis
 * Xestia dyris (Zerny, 1934) (tentatively placed here)
 * Xestia finatimis Lafontaine, 1998
 * Xestia fuscostigma (Bremer, 1861)
 * Xestia lithoplana Hreblay & Ronkay 1998
 * Xestia mejiasi Pinker, 1961
 * Xestia normaniana – Norman's dart
 * Xestia oblata (Morrison, 1875)
 * Xestia substrigata (Smith, 1895)
 * Xestia verniloides Lafontaine, 1998

Incertae sedis
If the affiliations of the subgenera are not very much mistaken, most remaining cases of erroneous assignment to Xestia are to be found among the species of uncertain group affiliation here; for the recently described X. kecskerago for example it was explicitly stated that placement in the present genus is tentative. Other species of unclear affiliation are so little known that even their validity remains questionable, though this group equally well seems to contain quite distinct lineages of true Xestia. Also, there are some obvious species groups which do not easily fit into the subgeneric scheme above.

"Agrotiphila" group "Hypoxestia" group ornata group "Palaeamathes" group "Paramathes" group retracta/tenuis group
 * Xestia colorado (Smith, 1891) (type of Agrotiphila)
 * Xestia maculata (Smith, 1893)
 * Xestia staudingeri (type of Agrotimorpha)
 * Xestia dilatata (Butler, 1879) (type of Hypoxestia)
 * Xestia hypographa
 * Xestia ornata (formerly in Eugraphe)
 * Xestia hoenei (Boursin, 1954) (type of Palaeamathes)
 * Xestia perigrapha (Püngeler, 1899) (type of Paramathes)
 * Xestia basistriga Yoshimoto, 1995
 * Xestia bifurcata Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
 * Xestia coronata Hacker & Peks, 1999
 * Xestia destituta (Leech, 1900)
 * Xestia forsteri Boursin, 1964
 * Xestia hemitragidia (Boursin 1964)
 * Xestia nyei Plante, 1979 (= X. longijuxta)
 * Xestia retracta
 * Xestia schaeferi Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
 * Xestia semiretracta Yoshimoto, 1995
 * Xestia subforsteri Hreblay, & Ronkay 1998
 * Xestia tenuis (Butler 1889)
 * Xestia trifurcata Hacker & Peks, 1999

"Yellow hindwings" group Species group unknown
 * Xestia bryocharis Boursin, 1948
 * Xestia draesekei Boursin, 1948
 * Xestia efflorescens
 * Xestia flavilinea Wileman, 1912
 * Xestia pseudoaccipiter Boursin, 1948
 * Xestia semiherbida (Walker, 1857)
 * Xestia sternecki Boursin, 1948
 * Xestia triphaenoides Boursin, 1948
 * Xestia agalma (Püngeler, 1900)
 * Xestia albifurca (Erschoff, [1877])
 * Xestia cervina (Moore, 1867)
 * Xestia consanguinea (Moore, 1881)
 * Xestia costaestriga (Staudinger, 1895)
 * Xestia crassipuncta (Wileman & West, 1928)
 * Xestia homochroma (Hampson 1903)
 * Xestia isochroma (Hampson 1903)
 * Xestia isolata
 * Xestia junctura (Moore, 1881)
 * Xestia kecskerago Gyulai & L.Ronkay, 2006
 * Xestia latinigra (Prout, 1928)
 * Xestia mandarina (Leech, 1900)
 * Xestia olivascens (Hampson, 1894)
 * Xestia renalis
 * Xestia rosifunda (Dyar, 1916)
 * Xestia senescens (Staudinger, 1881) (formerly in Eugraphe)
 * Xestia tamsi (Wileman & West, 1929)
 * Xestia vidua (Staudinger, 1892)
 * Xestia yamanei Chang, 1991

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[These taxa all need review. They are the remaining "species" etc from Catalogue of Life/Encyclopedia of Life, whose data is completely unreliable.

It is uncertain


 * 1) if these names are valid (not preoccupied, objective junior synonym...)
 * 2) if these taxa are valid
 * 3) if valid, if they are species or subspecies
 * 4) if they are still in Xestia
 * 5) if authors are correct
 * 6) if dates are correct
 * 7) if parentheses are correct (square brackets are always missing, even if this is incorrect)

The taxa should be identified using the primary literature (original descriptions) and current reviews. Web reviews and databases are not acceptable, because that's where the errors come from.]

Xestia agnorista Boursin 1963 Xestia alba Cockayne 1944 Xestia albida Ribbe 1912 vs Cockayne 1952 Xestia albimacula Stephens 1829 Xestia algirica Corti & Draudt 1933 Xestia alliatai Hartig 1949 Xestia amydra Boursin 1948 vs Hacker & Peks 1990 Xestia annulipes Gahan, 1892 vs Gounelle, 1909 vs White, 1853 Xestia aquila Hreblay & Ronkay 1998 Xestia argyrea Boursin 1969 Xestia armata Gounelle, 1909 Xestia asixis Dannehl 1925 Xestia astigmata Rothschild 1914 Xestia atoma Smith 1907 Xestia atra Bang-Haas 1912 Xestia atrata Gounelle, 1909 preoccupied Morrison, 1875 = X. nigra Lane, 1956 preocc. Tutt 1892 Xestia bajoides Barnes & Benjamin 1929 Xestia banghaasi (Corti 1933) Xestia bdelygma Boursin 1963 Xestia bicarnea (Guenee 1852) Xestia bicolor Lempke 1962 Xestia bivittata Gahan, 1892 Xestia bollii (Grote 1881) Xestia brachiptera (Kononenko 1981) Xestia brevipennis Bates, 1870 vs Gemminger & Harold, 1872 vs Lempke 1962 Xestia brunnea Lempke 1962 Xestia brunneago (Staudinger, 1895) / Staudinger 1895 Xestia budensis Freyer 1839 Xestia bugrai Kocak 1983 Xestia candelarum (Staudinger, 1871) Xestia colorado (Smith 1891) Xestia conchis (Grote 1879) / Grote 1879 Xestia consanguinea Moore 1881 Xestia costaestriga Staudinger 1895 Xestia cara Hreblay & Ronkay 1998 Xestia centrifasciata Lempke 1962 Xestia cerasina Freyer 1839 Xestia cfuscum Boursin 1963 Xestia chabrillaci Thomson 1857/Xestia chabrillacii Thomson, 1857 Xestia chloropha Hübner 1818 Xestia chosenbaja Bryk 1948 Xestia cingulata Loritz 1947 Xestia cinigera Filipjev 1927 Xestia cinnamomea Gounelle, 1909 Xestia coerulescens Tutt 1892 Xestia collaris (Grote & Robinson 1868) Xestia confusa Gahan, 1892 vs Gemminger & Harold, 1872 vs Lacordaire, 1869 Xestia corvina (Gahan, 1892) /Gahan, 1892 vs Bruch, 1912 vs Gounelle, 1909 Xestia curviplena Walker 1865 Xestia cyanostica Dierl 1984/Xestia cyanosticta (Dierl 1984) Xestia darroensis Ribbe 1912 Xestia de rourei Chabrillac, 1857 should be "derourei" Xestia decorata Butler 1879 Xestia delectans Oberthür 1918 Xestia denticornis Gahan, 1892 Xestia dernarius Smith 1907 Xestia descripta (Bremer, 1861) Xestia descripta pachnobides (Staudinger, 1888) Xestia diagrapha Boursin 1963 Xestia dianthoecioides Boursin 1963 Xestia diluta Lempke 1962 Xestia divitefimbrata Oberthür 1918 Xestia dorsalis Gahan, 1892 Xestia effundens Corti 1927 Xestia elegans Bates, 1872 vs Gemminger & Harold, 1872 vs Gory, 1833 vs White, 1853 Xestia elutior Alphéraky 1887 Xestia erschoffi Staudinger 1896 Xestia erythraea Corti & Draudt 1933 Xestia erythroxantha Boursin 1963 Xestia eugnorista Boursin 1963 Xestia eugrapha Hreblay & Ronkay 1998 Xestia eversmanni Petersen 1905 Xestia exoleta Leech 1900 vs Xestia exsoleta Xestia fakosharga Hreblay & Ronkay 1998 Xestia faroulti Rothschild 1920 Xestia femorata Gounelle, 1909 Xestia filiis Smith 1907 Xestia flavida Culot 1904 Xestia flavotincta (Smith 1892) Xestia friederikae (Dierl 1984) / Dierl 1984 Xestia fulgurata Chabrillac 1857 Xestia funerea Gauckler Xestia fusca Lempke 1962 Xestia fuscostigma (Bremer, 1861) vs Bremer 1864 Xestia fuscostigma csoevarii Xestia gandakiensis Yoshimoto 1995 Xestia gansuensis Wang & Chen 1995 Xestia geochroa Boursin 1940 Xestia giselae Dierl 1984 Xestia glabripennis Bates, 1870 Xestia glabripennis Gemminger & Harold, 1872 Xestia glaucoptera Schultz 1930 Xestia globulicollis Gahan, 1892 Xestia grisatra Smith 1907 Xestia grisea Tutt 1892 Xestia habichi Rebel 1909 Xestia haematodes Dierl 1984 Xestia harpegnoma Hreblay & Ronkay 1998 Xestia hilliana Harvey 1878 Xestia hispanica Fibiger 1993 Xestia hoeferi Corti 1928 Xestia homannii Koutsaftikis 1973 Xestia hysgina Oberthür 1880 Xestia illex Gounelle, 1909 Xestia immaculata Hoffmann 1910 Xestia inconspicua Rothschild 1914 Xestia infantilis Staudinger 1895 Xestia infuscata Draeseke 1928 Xestia invenusta Kozhanchikov 1925 Xestia iobaphes Boursin 1936 Xestia iveni (Hübner, 1870) Xestia janakpura Yoshimoto 1995 Xestia jankowskii Oberthür 1884 Xestia janualis Grote Xestia javetii Chabrillac, 1857 Xestia juncta Lempke 1962 Xestia kenteana (Staudinger, 1892) / Staudinger 1892 Xestia khadoma Boursin 1963 Xestia kozhantschikovi Corti & Draudt 1933 Xestia kruegeri Xestia kungessi Alphéraky 1882 Xestia laevis Hübner 1809 Xestia lankialai (Grönblom, 1962) Xestia lateralis Bates, 1870 vs Erichson, 1847 vs Lacordaire, 1869 vs White, 1853 Xestia ledereri Staudinger 1888 Xestia lehmanni Dierl 1984 Xestia lepida Constantini 1922 Xestia leptophysa Boursin 1963 Xestia leucographa Stephens 1829 Xestia lidia Boisduval 1829 Xestia lobbichleri Boursin 1964 Xestia loebelia Rebel 1920 Xestia longipennis Gahan, 1892 vs Gounelle, 1909 Xestia longipennis subsp. Gounelle, 1909 Xestia lubentia Butler 1879 Xestia lycophotioides (Rothschild, 1914) vs Rothschild 1914 Xestia lygria Chen 1993 Xestia margineornata Dannehl 1933 Xestia melonina Butler 1889 Xestia meridionalis Spuler 1905 vs Xestia meridionalis Staudinger Xestia metagrapha Boursin 1963 Xestia mixta (Walker, 1856) Xestia montana Freyer 1851 Xestia murtea Corti & Draudt 1933 Xestia mysarops Boursin 1963 Xestia neglecta (Hübner, 1803) / Hübner 1803 Xestia nepalensis (Boursin 1964) / Boursin 1964 Xestia nictitans Lempke 1962 Xestia nigra Tutt 1892 Xestia nigromarginata Hoffmann 1915 Xestia nigropicea Bates, 1870 vs Gemminger & Harold, 1872 Xestia nigrum adela Xestia nigrum ignorata Xestia nigrum kurilana Xestia nitida Bates, 1872 / Bates, 1880 Xestia nitida Gemminger & Harold, 1872 Xestia nyei Plante 1979 Xestia obscura Tutt 1892 Xestia obscura Zolotarenko 1970 Xestia obsolescens Petersen 1907 Xestia obsoleta Chen 1991 Xestia obtusa Speyer 1875 Xestia occidens Hampson 1913 Xestia ochreago (Hübner, 1790) / Hübner 1809 Xestia ochreago pallidago Xestia ochrojois Hübner 1821 Xestia ochrops Kononenko 1996 Xestia ochrotaenia Bates, 1872 vs Gemminger & Harold, 1872 vs Bates, 1870 Xestia ohtaniensis Matsumura 1925 Xestia orthosioides Boursin 1963 Xestia pachyceras Boursin 1963 Xestia pallida Fernandez 1918 vs Schwingenschuss 1918 Xestia pallida Turner 1939 Xestia pallida Tutt 1892 Xestia pallidago Staudinger 1899 Xestia pallidior Cockayne 1946 Xestia pancta Püngeler 1906 Xestia papuana Warren 1912 Xestia parasenescens Hacker & Weigert 1990 Xestia patricia Staudinger 1895 Xestia perornata Boursin 1963 Xestia peterseni Krulikovski 1909 Xestia pictipes Gahan, 1892 Xestia pictipes Gounelle, 1909 vs White, 1853 Xestia pilosovittata Bates, 1872 / Bates, 1880 Xestia pilosovittata Gemminger & Harold, 1872 Xestia poliades Draudt 1950 Xestia polita Gahan & Arrow, 1903 vs Gounelle, 1909 vs Lameere, 1883 vs Waterhouse, 1880 Xestia praecipuina Rothschild 1914 Xestia provincialis Guenée Xestia pubicornis Carvalho & Carvalho, 1939 vs Gounelle, 1909 Xestia pulverea Hampson 1903 Xestia punctata Aurivillius 1889 Xestia purpurea Tutt 1892 Xestia pyrrhothrix Boursin 1963 Xestia rhomboidea (Esper, 1790) / Esper 1790 vs Xestia rhomboidea Auct. Xestia rikovskensis Matsumura 1925 Xestia rodionovi Mikkola 1996 Xestia rogneda Staudinger 1870 Xestia rosea Schwingenschuss 1935 vs Tutt 1892 Xestia roseggeri Schawerda 1919 Xestia roseicosta Boursin 1963 Xestia rourei Xestia rubecula Treitschke Xestia rubro-maculata Gounelle, 1909 Xestia rufa Tutt 1892 Xestia rufata Warren 1912 Xestia rufescens Tutt 1892 Xestia sachalinensis Matsumura 1925 Xestia sagittaria Bates, 1872 / Bates, 1880 vs Gemminger & Harold, 1872 Xestia sajana (Tschetverikov, 1904) Xestia sajana kongsvoldensis (Gronlien 1923) / (Grönlien, 1922) Xestia sajana monotona Xestia sajana sajana form. kongsvoldensis (Gronlien 1923) / (Grönlien, 1922) Xestia sanguinipes Bates, 1884 Xestia scaramangoides (Barnes and Benjamin 1926) Xestia scopariae Milliére 1864 Xestia selinoides Ribbe 1912 Xestia semiconfluens Lempke 1962 Xestia semifasciata Richardson 1958 Xestia semota Corti 1925 Xestia senilis Staudinger 1888 Xestia signata Lempke 1939 Xestia similis Xestia spilosata (Warren 1912) / Warren 1912 Xestia spinipennis Audinet-Serville, 1834 vs Chenu, 1870 vs Gahan, 1892 vs Gemminger & Harold, 1872 vs Gounelle, 1909 vs Strauch, 1861 vs Thomson, 1864 vs Thomson, 1878 vs White, 1853 Xestia stigmatica (Hübner, 1813) / Hübner 1813 Xestia stigmatula Hartig 1924 Xestia straminea Rothschild 1914 Xestia streckeri Barnes & Benjamin 1927 Xestia suavis Oberthür 1918 Xestia subgrisea (Staudinger, 1897) Xestia subpurpurea Leech 1900 Xestia subrubra Dannehl 1925 Xestia suturalis (Perty 1832) vs Gahan & Arrow, 1903 Xestia sylvicola Turati 1930 Xestia syriae Strand 1916 Xestia tabida Butler 1878 Xestia tabiola Butler Xestia tamsi Wileman & West 1929 Xestia tangens Lempke 1962 Xestia tenuicula (Morrison 1874) / (Morrison 1875) Xestia tetragona Haworth 1809 Xestia thomsonii Chabrillac, 1857 Xestia tristigma Stephens 1829 Xestia trumani (Smith 1903) / Smith 1903 Xestia turanica Culot Xestia uclesina Fernandez 1918 Xestia umbrosa (Hübner, 1790) / Hübner 1790 Xestia undosa (Leech 1889) Xestia undosa Leech 1889 Xestia ursae (McDunnough 1940)Xestia vidua (Staudinger 1892) / Staudinger 1892 Xestia violacea Hreblay & Ronkay 1998 Xestia virescens Turati 1912 Xestia virgata Wightman 1944 Xestia viridibrunnea Bytinski-Salz 1937 Xestia vittata Bruch, 1912 vs Gahan, 1892 vs Gemminger & Harold, 1872 vs Gounelle, 1909 vs Thomson, 1860 vs Thomson, 1878 Xestia waterhousei Gounelle, 1909 Xestia xanthe Woodforde 1901 Xestia xanthostaxis Dannehl 1925 Xestia youngii (Smith 1902) / Smith 1902

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