Yejong of Joseon

Yejong (23 January 1450 – 9 January 1470), personal name Yi Hwang, firstly titled Grand Prince Haeyang , was the eighth monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He succeeded his father, King Sejo, in 1468, when he was 19 years old, but was too physically ill to govern, and died a year later.

One of the most prominent incidents during his reign was the trial and death of General Nam Yi, who was famous for having suppressed Yi Si-ae's Rebellion along with General Gang Sun. At the age of 28, Nam Yi was appointed as Minister of Military Affairs. However, when Yejong took the throne, Yu Ja-gwang, who was jealous of Nam Yi, accused him of treason when he found out that the king himself was not fond of the general. Yu also involved Gang Sun and initiated a trial witnessed by Yejong. They were found guilty and executed, while Yu Ja-gwang was promoted to a high office. After this incident, there were many cases where Yu accused ministers who were apparently more prestigious than himself.

Biography
He was born in 1450 as the second son of Grand Prince Suyang (as King Sejo was known at the time) and his primary consort, Grand Internal Princess Consort Nakrang (later Queen Jeonghui). He was promoted to crown prince at the age of 7, after the sudden death of his elder brother, Crown Prince Uigyeong.

In 1468, his father abdicated, but since Yi Hwang was not yet 20 years old and had been physically weak since his childhood, his mother, Queen Dowager Jaseong, came to unofficially rule as Queen Regent for the nation instead. According to records of this era, political decisions were taken by the queen and three subjects nominated by King Sejo.

Although his reign lasted just 14 months, several incidents had occurred. In 1468, the treason of Nam I greatly influenced the court politics. Just before his death in 1469, Joseon started to prohibit all trade with Japan. Yi Hwang also granted common farmers the right to cultivate fields which originally belonged to the military.

He died shortly before his 20th birthday and was buried alongside his second wife, Queen Ansun, in the Seooneung Cluster located in Goyang, Gyeonggi Province. Their tomb is known as Changneung.

After Yejong's death, the throne was not inherited by his son. Instead, his nephew and the second son of Crown Prince Uigyeong, Grand Prince Jalsan, became the heir and was posthumously honored as King Seongjong.

Both of Yejong's sons, Grand Prince Inseong and Grand Prince Jean, died without issue. In 1874, during the reign of Gojong, Yi Ong, Prince Seoseong of the Third Junior Rank (1487–1510) and a great-great-grandson of Sejong the Great, was posthumously appointed as heir to Grand Prince Inseong; similarly, Yi Pa (1515–1571), a great-great-grandson of Jeongjong of Joseon, was also granted the title Prince Nakpung (Nakpung Gun; 낙풍군) and became heir to Grand Prince Jean.

Family
Consort(s) and their respective issue
 * Father: King Sejo of Joseon (16 November 1417 – 2 October 1468)
 * Grandfather: King Sejong of Joseon (15 May 1397 – 30 March 1450)
 * Grandmother: Queen Soheon of the Cheongsong Shim clan (20 October 1395 – 28 April 1446)
 * Mother: Queen Jeonghui of the Papyeong Yun clan (23 December 1418 – 15 May 1483)
 * Grandfather: Yun Beon (1384–1448)
 * Grandmother: Lady Yi of the Incheon Yi clan (1383–1456)
 * Queen Jangsun of the Cheongju Han clan (3 March 1445 – 14 January 1462)
 * Yi Bun, Grand Prince Inseong (31 December 1461 – 4 December 1463), first son
 * Queen Ansun of the Cheongju Han clan (27 April 1445 – 12 February 1499)
 * Princess Hyeonsuk (28 March 1464 – 2 July 1502), first daughter
 * Yi Hyeon, Grand Prince Jean (8 March 1466 – 6 January 1526), second son
 * Princess Hyesun (1468–1469), second daughter
 * Third son (1468–1472)
 * Royal Noble Consort Gong of the Jeonju Choe clan (1454–?)
 * Court Lady Gi (? – 1489)
 * Concubine Yi

In popular culture

 * Portrayed by Lee Young-hoo in the 1998–2000 KBS TV series King and Queen.
 * Portrayed by Yoo Dong-hyuk in the 2007–2008 SBS TV series The King and I.
 * Portrayed by Noh Young-hak in the 2011–2012 JTBC TV series Insu, the Queen Mother.
 * Portrayed by Lee Sun-kyun in the 2017 movie The King's Case Note.