Yoko Kanno

Yoko Kanno (菅野 よう子) is a Japanese composer, arranger and music producer of soundtracks for anime series, video games, television dramas and movies. She has written scores for Cowboy Bebop, Terror in Resonance, Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex, Wolf's Rain, Turn A Gundam and Darker than Black. Kanno is a keyboardist and the frontwoman for Seatbelts, who perform many of her compositions.

Early life
Yoko Kanno was born on 18 March 1963, in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Her earliest experiences with music came from attending church with her parents. She studied keyboard on both the piano in her home and the organ at her kindergarten. In elementary school, she began participating in composition contests, but in high school, Kanno began to take more of an interest in literature than in music.

Kanno attended Waseda University, where she majored in literature, but she transcribed music for various student groups at Waseda in her free time. During this time, Kanno—whose parents had only allowed her to listen to classical music—was introduced to rhythm by a friend who played drums in a school band. She spoke of this experience in an interview with Akihiro Tomita: "I thought my friend was a genius. I had heard drums on the radio before, but it was like I had never really noticed them. Then I see drums performed live, and was able to experience a beat for the first time. I started to take heavy interest in music that wasn’t classical and joined the band elective." While with this band, she studied the composition and style of popular music.

While at Waseda, the Japanese video game company Koei asked Kanno to compose the soundtrack to Nobunaga's Ambition. The game turned out to be a hit, and Kanno's music career was launched.

Career
Yoko Kanno's soundtrack themes include "Kiseki no Umi" (Lodoss War), "Voices" (Macross Plus), "Tank!" (Cowboy Bebop), "Yakusoku wa Iranai" (Escaflowne), "Gravity" (Wolf's Rain), the whole soundtrack of Turn A Gundam, "Inner Universe" (Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex) and Stand Alone Complex O.S.T. In regards to making the Stand Alone Complex soundtrack, she said:

"I had this image of a formal and rigid 'manly' world for the original comic. So I tried to think of ways to destroy that world. The theme I had in mind was, 'be human.' It represented the sentiment of 'why don't we take it easy and be more like a human being?'—instead of being a workaholic salaried man working for his company. Or be it Tachikoma wishing to become human. I wanted to express these 'tangible fuzziness,' sort of. For the opening theme song called 'inner universe,' I had an image of digital bits and composed a score consisting of recurrent quick beats."

Having composed in various genres, including blues, classical, jazz, techno and J-pop, she was once asked if she favored a particular genre:

"Ah ... I hear everyone talk about how many genres [I work in] like classical, jazz and others, but personally, I don't divide music by genre when creating. I don't create by saying, 'I must create a classical piece here,' or 'I must create a jazz piece here.' When I create music, I don't consider at all which genre I like best, but what the scene or the anime calls for, like a love [theme] or a mood. There isn't one genre I like more than the others. I find all of them satisfying and all inspire me in different ways."

Since she works in the animation industry, she only receives instructions and storyboards from directors which helps her with composing. However, it is uncertain if all of her works are to be included in the finished project. She once said that this is a way she likes to work, for she does not have to deal with rules during composing. In reference to this, she once stated:

"In my case, the creators talk to me and ask me to do a soundtrack a year or two before the animation is finished. At that time, I think of the plot in my brain, when the characters' names—everything about the characters—has not been decided yet. This is even when the title has not be decided yet."

She was the lead member of the project band Seatbelts, which regrouped in 2004 to compose the soundtrack for the PlayStation 2 Cowboy Bebop video game (released in Japan in 2005).

She has composed for Koei games released during the late 1980s to early 1990s and for Napple Tale, a Dreamcast game. Due to her close involvement in the Cowboy Bebop anime, the game released by Bandai also features her work.

Apart from anime and games, Kanno also composes for live-action films and television commercials. Some popular brands she has composed for are Canon, DoCoMo, Fuji Xerox, 7-Eleven, Microsoft, Nissan, Toyota, Shiseido, Avon and MasterCard to name a few. Her contributions to films started in the 1990s but only since 2002 has there been a trend towards the medium, with some of the latter being shown in international film festivals.

She attended Otakon and Anime Expo in 1999, as well as Anime Expo New York in 2002. In 2010, she made a surprise appearance at Anime Expo. Yoko Kanno performed her solo PianoMe concert at Otakon 2013.

She composed a three-movement suite, entitled "Ray of Water," for the ascension of Emperor Naruhito. It was performed for him and Empress Masako at the enthronement celebration on 9 November 2019. Yoshikazu Okada wrote the lyrics for the vocal portion, which was performed at the celebration by the idol group, Arashi.

Gabriela Robin
On many of Kanno's tracks, "Gabriela Robin" was credited as a lyricist and vocalist, but whenever these songs were performed in concert, either Maaya Sakamoto or Origa would perform them. In a 2009 written interview, Robin said that she would perform live for the first time at Kanno's 2009 Tanabata Sonic concert. However, at the end of the concert - which featured Kanno directing the Warsaw Philharmonic - Kanno turned to the audience and sang "Moon", a song previously attributed to Robin from the Turn A Gundam soundtrack, revealing that "Gabriela Robin" was simply a pseudonym Kanno used to write songs mixing English and Japanese freely. In a later interview, Kanno said she picked the name because the first orchestral recording she had heard was the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, and at the time Yitzhak Rabin served as Israel's Prime Minister.

Personal life
In addition to Japanese, she speaks a little English and some French, but her English is poor and she needs translation help to converse in French.

Commenting on spirituality and religion, Kanno has said:

"I'm not religious at all. But Japanese don't believe in one God, but in gods everywhere in plants and animals. That's right. In Japan, Christianity has a wonderful image. People enjoy the image of Christ and Christianity in picture books, but not as a religion."

Kanno enjoys music, photography, and writing. She has penned several journals for Newtype magazine, accompanying her articles with her own photographs for illustrations. Additionally, a collection of photographs taken by Kanno of her protégé and former production partner, Maaya Sakamoto, was showcased in the special event program for Sakamoto's thirtieth birthday concert at Nippon Budokan in 2010.

In 2011, Yoko Kanno expressed her support for the victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, composing a song titled "Kimi de Ite, Buji de Ite" (きみでいてぶじでいて). Later, she composed NHK's official support song on the occasion of the first anniversary of the earthquake entitled "Hana wa Saku" (花は咲く), including lyrics by Sendai film director Shunji Iwai. The song features notable natives from the affected areas of Miyagi, Fukushima and Iwate.

Commercial music
Companies that have commissioned Kanno for commercial music include:


 * AEON
 * AGF Maxim
 * Ajinomoto
 * Asahi Glass Co.
 * Avon
 * Cafe Noevir
 * Citizen Watch Co.
 * Canon
 * Cosmo Oil
 * Daikin
 * Daio Paper
 * Daiwa House
 * FamilyMart
 * Fancl
 * Fuji Xerox
 * Fujitsu
 * Google
 * Glico
 * Gravity
 * Half Century More
 * Haus Ten Bausch
 * Hisamitsu
 * Hitachi
 * House
 * IBM
 * Japan Medical Association
 * Japan Railways
 * Japan Telecom
 * J-Phone
 * Kanebo
 * KDDI
 * Kirin Beverage
 * Kincho
 * Kubota
 * MasterCard International
 * Meiji
 * Microsoft
 * Mister Donut
 * Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
 * Mitsui Home
 * Morinaga
 * Nagatanien
 * National Ionity Nanocare
 * Nikon
 * Nintendo
 * Nissan
 * NTT DoCoMo
 * Ono Pharmaceutical
 * Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.
 * Pioneer
 * Platinum Guild International
 * Pola
 * Seiko Epson
 * Sekisui House
 * Seven Eleven
 * Sharp
 * Shimura
 * Shiseido
 * Sony
 * Suntory
 * Taiyo Life Insurance
 * Takano Yori Beauty Clinic
 * Tepco
 * Tirol Choco
 * Tokyo Gas
 * Tokyo Metro
 * Tombow Pencil
 * Toyota
 * Try Group
 * UFJ Bank
 * Vodafone
 * Yukiguni Maitake

Hired vocalists
Artists who have performed at least one of Kanno's vocal tracks:


 * Aceilux
 * Afra
 * Aimer
 * Aki Okui
 * AKINO
 * Akino Arai
 * Anna Tsuchiya
 * Aoi Teshima
 * Arnór Dan
 * Artur Stefanowicz
 * Ben del Maestro
 * Carla Vallet
 * Chinatsu Yamamoto
 * Chiyono Yoshino
 * Chris Mosdell
 * Cosmic Voices from Bulgaria
 * Crystal Kay
 * Donna Burke
 * Egil Olsen
 * Emily Bindiger
 * Emily Curtis
 * Etsuko Yakushimaru
 * Feather and Down
 * Franco Sansalone
 * Hajime Chitose
 * Hanna Berglind
 * Hassan Bohmide
 * Heartsdales
 * Hitomi Mieno
 * Ilaria Graziano
 * Jadwiga Rappe'
 * James Wendt
 * Joyce
 * Kaoru Nishino
 * Kei Kobayashi
 * Kyoko Endo
 * Kyoko Katsunuma
 * Kyōko Koizumi
 * Makino Yui
 * Mari Iijima
 * Maryanne Murray
 * May'n
 * Maaya Sakamoto
 * Mai Yamane
 * Masaaki Endoh
 * Masayoshi Furukawa
 * Megumi Nakajima
 * Mem Nahadr
 * Miki Imai
 * Motohiro Hata
 * Origa
 * Pierre Bensusan
 * POP ETC
 * Raiché Coutev Sisters
 * Raj Ramayya
 * Reynada Hill
 * Ryo Nagano
 * Scott Matthew
 * Seika Iwashita
 * Shanti Snyder
 * Soichiro Otsuka
 * Steve Conte
 * Sydney Thiam
 * Tim Jensen
 * Tokiko Kato
 * Tulivu-Donna Cumberbatch
 * WISE
 * Wuyontana
 * YOSHIKA
 * YUKI
 * Yuho Iwasato
 * Yuuki Ozaki