Zuster Theresia

Zuster Theresia (English: Sister Theresia) is a 1932 film from the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia) directed by M. H. Schilling with the help of the Wong brothers. The film, starring Henk Maschhaup, Daisy Diephuis, and Alle Heymann, follows a young man and his relationship with two women. A commercial failure, the film was the last made by Schilling and led the Wongs to take a two-year hiatus.

Plot
Bob (Hugo de Rode) dies not long after finishing his studies in the Netherlands, and his classmate Henk (Henk Maschhaup) goes to the Dutch East Indies, where Bob's father Gelder (M. H. Schilling) has a small orchard outside Bandung. Henk begins helping the family financially, and marries Bob's sister Daisy (Daisy Diephuis). However, Daisy enjoys going to parties and dances, while their child Baby (Carl Schilling) is left alone.

Henk calls his cousin Flora (Alle Heymann) to help with the child, and begins to fall in love with her. When Baby is taken ill, Flora treats him. This closeness drives Daisy mad with jealousy, and she goes to nearby Pelabuhan Ratu and unsuccessfully tries to commit suicide by throwing herself into the sea. Flora and Henk marry, but when Daisy returns home Flora is forced to annul her marriage and leave the house. She joins a nunnery, where she becomes Sister Theresia.

Production
Zuster Theresia was directed by M. H. Schilling, previously known for his comedies; Schilling prepared the storyline and production, which was intended to reflect daily issues in the Indies. Schilling was also known for his inclusion of native and Indo culture in his films, something he was unable to distance himself from for Zuster Theresia.

Active direction was done by the Wong brothers, ethnic Chinese who generally made Chinese-oriented films. As Zuster Theresia was directed at Dutch audiences, the Indonesian film historian Misbach Yusa Biran suggests that the Wongs had little creative input.

The film was the last to be produced by Halimoen Film. It was a sound film, but the sound was of low quality; the first talkie in the Dutch East Indies, Karnadi Anemer Bangkong, had only been released in 1930. The film's poster emphasised its Dutchness and depicted only Flora, as Sister Theresia, praying, with text above and below the image. Ade Irwansyah, compiling a list of the best Indonesian film posters for Tabloid Bintang, selected the poster for Zuster Theresia as the twentieth-best of all time, noting that its simplicity strengthened the image of a nun praying.

Release and reception
The film was released in the Dutch East Indies in 1932, where it was a commercial failure; it was not circulated in the Netherlands. Although its main audience was the Dutch, well-educated natives such as Armijn Pane are also recorded as seeing it. The film was Schilling's last and the Wong Brothers retired from filmmaking until 1934, when they joined Albert Balink to produce Pareh (Rice; 1936).