Portal:Romania

The Romania Portal Romania Flag Coat of arms Location At the confluence of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a predominantly continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) with a population of 19 million people (2023). Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, followed by Cluj-Napoca, Iași, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova, Brașov, and Galați. Settlement in what is now Romania began in the Lower Paleolithic followed by written records attesting the kingdom of Dacia, its conquest, and subsequent Romanisation by the Roman Empire during late antiquity. The modern Romanian state was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. During World War I, after declaring its neutrality in 1914, Romania fought together with the Allied Powers from 1916. In the aftermath of the war, Bukovina, Bessarabia, Transylvania, and parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș became part of the Kingdom of Romania. In June–August 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union and Northern Transylvania to Hungary. In November 1940, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and, consequently, in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side, fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944, when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania. Following the war and occupation by the Red Army, Romania became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a market economy. Romania is a high-income country, with a very high Human Development Index and a highly complex economy, that is emerging to be a middle power in international affairs. Romania ranked 47th in the Global Innovation Index in 2023. Its economy ranks among the fastest growing in the European Union, being the world's 41th largest by nominal GDP, and the 35th largest by PPP. Romanian citizens enjoy one of the fastest and cheapest internet speeds in the world. Romania experienced rapid economic growth in the early 2000s; its economy is now based predominantly on services. It is a producer and net exporter of cars and electric energy through companies like Automobile Dacia and OMV Petrom. The majority of Romania's population are ethnic Romanians and religiously identify themselves as Eastern Orthodox Christians, speaking Romanian, a Romance language (more specifically Eastern Romance). Romania is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Schengen Area, NATO, the Council of Europe, BSEC and WTO. (Full article...) Good article - Entries here consist of Good articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania was a Latin-rite bishopric west of the Siret River (in present-day Romania) from 1228 to 1241. The lands incorporated into the diocese had been dominated by the nomadic Cumans since about 1100. Catholic missions began after Andrew II of Hungary granted Burzenland to the Teutonic Knights in 1211. After Andrew expelled the Knights from the territory in 1225, Dominican friars continued the Cuman mission. Robert, Archbishop of Esztergom baptized Boricius, an influential Cuman chieftain, two years later. Robert ordained a Hungarian Dominican friar, Theodoric, as the first bishop of Cumania in early 1228. Pope Gregory IX confirmed Theodoric's consecration on 21 March of that year, and the diocese was subordinate to the Holy See in 1229. The episcopal see was on the Milcov River, but its exact location is unknown. The diocese included Burzenland and lands east of the Carpathian Mountains. Vlachs (Romanians) who belonged to the Orthodox Church were a significant part of the diocese's population. They did not follow the Catholic bishop, and persuaded many Catholic Hungarians and Saxons to accept their Orthodox bishops. (Full article...) Halep at the 2018 French Open Simona Halep (Romanian pronunciation: [siˈmona haˈlep]; born 27 September 1991) is a Romanian professional tennis player. She has been ranked world number one in singles twice between 2017 and 2019, for a total of 64 weeks, which ranks twelfth in the history of the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) rankings. Halep was the year-end No. 1 in 2017 and 2018. She has won two Grand Slam singles titles: the 2018 French Open and the 2019 Wimbledon Championships. From 27 January 2014 to 8 August 2021, Halep was ranked in the top 10 for 373 consecutive weeks, the eighth-longest streak in WTA history. During this seven-year span, she finished each year ranked no lower than No. 4. She has won 24 WTA Tour singles titles and finished runner-up 18 times. A French Open junior champion and former junior world No. 1, Halep first broke into the world's top 50 at the end of 2011, the top 20 in August 2013, and the top 10 in January 2014. She won her first six WTA titles in the same calendar year in 2013, and was the first to do so since Steffi Graf in 1986. This led to her being named the WTA Most Improved Player of the year. Halep reached three major finals at the 2014 French Open, 2017 French Open, and 2018 Australian Open before winning her first major title at the 2018 French Open over Sloane Stephens. Halep also finished runner-up at the 2014 WTA Finals to Serena Williams, despite defeating Williams in the round-robin stage. She did not defeat Williams a second time until the final of the 2019 Wimbledon Championships. (Full article...) Location of the battle The Battle of Vaslui (also referred to as the Battle of Podul Înalt or the Battle of Racova) was fought on 10 January 1475, between Stephen III of Moldavia and the Ottoman governor of Rumelia, Hadım Suleiman Pasha. The battle took place at Podul Înalt ("the High Bridge"), near the town of Vaslui, in Moldavia (now part of eastern Romania). The Ottoman troops numbered up to 120,000, facing about 40,000 Moldavian troops, plus smaller numbers of allied and mercenary troops. Stephen inflicted a decisive defeat on the Ottomans, with casualties according to Venetian and Polish records reaching beyond 40,000 on the Ottoman side. Mara Branković (Mara Hatun), the former younger wife of Murad II, told a Venetian envoy that the invasion had been the worst ever defeat for the Ottomans. Stephen was later awarded the title Athleta Christi ("Champion of Christ") by Pope Sixtus IV, who referred to him as "verus christianae fidei athleta" ("the true defender of the Christian faith"). (Full article...) "Give Me Your Everything" is a song recorded by Romanian singer Alexandra Stan for her second studio album, Unlocked (2014). It was made available for digital download on 20 August 2014 through Victor Entertainment. "Give Me Your Everything" was written by Stan, Serban Cazan, LeAnna James, Naz Tokio and Andrei Mihai, while production was solely handled by Cazan. A music video for the song was directed by Vlad Fenesan and uploaded onto the singer's YouTube channel, where it has amassed over three million views. The clip shows Stan chasing a masked man in a dark landscape. Upon its release, the video aroused controversy for a scene in which Stan is wearing a white robe with masonic symbols inscribed on its back. Particularly, Urban.ro named the clip "her most bizarre video ever". The recording was met with positive reviews. Some music critics praised the song's "Caribbean groove" and the singer's "hypnotic" and "crystalline" vocals, while others comparing "Give Me Your Everything" to the material featured on Rihanna's A Girl like Me (2006). The style of the song has been described as "urban" and "tribal". During an interview in Spain, Stan explained that "Give Me Your Everything" was written as a present for her Asian and Arabic fans, due to the song's more oriental style and spiritual meaning. (Full article...) Blanche Zélia Joséphine Delacroix, better known as Caroline Lacroix (French pronunciation: [kaʁɔlin lakʁwa]; 13 May 1883 – 12 February 1948), was the most prominent and notorious of Leopold II of Belgium's mistresses. Delacroix, who was of French origin, met the king in Paris as a young girl, when she was only 16 and he was 65. At that time, she earned her living from prostitution. They soon embarked upon a relationship that was to last until his death in 1909. Leopold lavished upon her large sums of money, estates, gifts, and a noble title, baronne de Vaughan (Baroness Vaughan). Because of these presents, Caroline was deeply unpopular both among the Belgian people and internationally, as Leopold became increasingly criticized for his greed-induced actions in the Congo Free State, his own personal colony. As Caroline largely profited from the king's income from the colony, she became known as La reine du Congo ("The Queen of the Congo"). (Full article...) Portrait by Dominicus Custos Sigismund Báthory (Hungarian: Báthory Zsigmond; 1573 – 27 March 1613) was Prince of Transylvania several times between 1586 and 1602, and Duke of Racibórz and Opole in Silesia in 1598. His father, Christopher Báthory, ruled Transylvania as voivode (or deputy) of the absent prince, Stephen Báthory. Sigismund was still a child when the Diet of Transylvania elected him voivode at his dying father's request in 1581. Initially, regency councils administered Transylvania on his behalf, but Stephen Báthory made János Ghyczy the sole regent in 1585. Sigismund adopted the title of prince after Stephen Báthory died. The Diet proclaimed Sigismund to be of age in 1588, but only after he agreed to expel the Jesuits. Pope Sixtus V excommunicated him, but the ban was lifted in 1590, and the Jesuits returned a year later. His blatant favoritism towards the Catholics made him unpopular among his Protestant subjects. He decided to join the Holy League against the Ottoman Empire. Since he could not convince the Diet to support his plan, he renounced the throne in July 1594, but the commanders of the army convinced him to revoke his abdication. At their proposal, he purged the noblemen who opposed the war against the Ottomans. He officially joined the Holy League and married Maria Christina of Habsburg, a niece of the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolph II. The marriage was never consummated. (Full article...) 3D model of Ciomadul's central sector seen from the south Ciomadul (Hungarian: Csomád) is a dormant volcano in Romania. It is in the Eastern Carpathians, between the spa towns of Băile Tușnad and Balvanyos. Ciomadul lies at the southeastern end of the Carpathian volcanic chain and it is the youngest volcano of the Carpatho-Pannonian region. Ciomadul consists of several lava domes with two embedded explosion craters known as Mohoș and Sfânta Ana, the latter of which contains a crater lake, Lake Sfânta Ana. The dominant volcanic rock at Ciomadul is potassium-rich dacite. Volcanic activity at Ciomadul commenced with effusive activity about one million years ago. Most of the volcano was constructed between 650,000 – 500,000 years ago. (Full article...) Bolokhovians, Bolokhoveni, also Bolokhovens (Romanian: Bolohoveni; Old Slavic: Болоховци, Bolokhovtsy), were a 13th-century ethnic group that resided in the vicinity of the Rus' principalities of Halych, Volhynia and Kiev, in the territory known as the "Bolokhovian Land" centered at the city of Bolokhov or Bolokhovo (not identified yet). Their ethnic identity is uncertain; although Romanian scholars, basing on their ethnonym identify them as Romanians (who were called Vlachs in the Middle Ages), archeological evidence and the Hypatian Chronicle (which is the only primary source that documents their history) suggest that they were a Slavic people. Their princes, or knyazes, were in constant conflict with Daniel of Galicia, Prince of Halych and Volhynia, between 1231 and 1257. After the Mongols sacked Kiev in 1240, the Bolokhovians supplied them with troops, but the Bolokhovian princes fled to Poland. The Bolokhovians disappeared after Daniel defeated them in 1257. (Full article...) "Te Vas" (English: "You Go" or "You Leave") is a song by Romanian singer Inna, digitally released on 31 May 2019 by Global Records as the fifth single from her sixth studio album Yo (2019). It was written by Inna and Cristina Maria Chiluiza, while production was handled by Sebastian Barac, Marcel Botezan, David Ciente and Alexandru Cotoi. A Spanish-language house song reminiscent of Inna's past material, the track lyrically discusses the bond between two separated lovers. An accompanying music video for "Te Vas" was uploaded onto Inna's YouTube channel on 30 May 2019. Directed by Bogdan Păun, it features the singer and Dragoș Istvan performing a mixture of contemporary dance and acrobatics, representing an on-and-off relationship. For further promotion, Inna performed "Te Vas" for Romanian radio station Kiss FM in June 2019. The track peaked at number 36 on Romania's Airplay 100 chart. It was included in a The Baker and the Beauty episode. (Full article...) World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, participated in the conflict, and many invested all available economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities in pursuit of total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. It was by far the deadliest conflict in history, resulting in 70–85 million fatalities. Millions died due to genocides, including the Holocaust, as well as starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of Axis defeat, Germany, Austria, Japan and Korea were occupied, and war crime tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders. The causes of the war are debated; contributing factors included the rise of fascism in Europe, the Spanish Civil War, the Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, and tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their "spheres of influence" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe in a military alliance called the Axis with Italy, Japan, and other countries. Following the onset of campaigns in North and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with the war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the UK, and the Battle of the Atlantic. In June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front. (Full article...) "Boom Pow" is a song recorded by Romanian recording artist Alexandra Stan for her third studio album, Alesta (2016). It was made available for digital consumption on 25 August 2016 through Roton and Global Records. "Boom Pow" was written by David Ciente and Trey Campbell, while the production process was solely handled by Ciente. A europop and dance recording, Stan confessed that its lyrical content fits with the vibe of Constanța, her home town, where an accompanying music video was also shot in April 2016 by Ironic Distors. While music critics were positive towards the single and its visual, "Boom Pow" commercially peaked at number 67 on Romania's Airplay 100. (Full article...) "I Think I Love It" is a song by Romanian singer Alexandra Stan, digitally released through Universal Music Romania on 28 June 2019 as the first single from Stan’s fifth album Rainbows. It was written by Krishane and Radu Bolfea, while the production was handled by Stan, Bolfea, Cătălin Safta, Achi, Adelina Stinga and Vlad Lucan. A reggae pop track, the song's lyrics discuss the theme of love and freedom. An accompanying music video for the song was uploaded to Stan's YouTube channel on 1 July 2019, directed by Criss Blaziny. Making use of several explicit scenes, it features the singer and model Geni Olaru driving a red Corvette car and posing in different ways. Further promoted by several live performances, the song peaked at number 38 on Romania's Airplay 100 ranking. (Full article...) Andrew Báthory (Hungarian: Báthory András; Polish: Andrzej Batory; 1562 or 1563 – 3 November 1599) was the Cardinal-deacon of Sant'Adriano al Foro from 1584 to 1599, Prince-Bishop of Warmia from 1589 to 1599, and Prince of Transylvania in 1599. His father was a brother of Stephen Báthory, who ruled the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1575. He was the childless Stephen Báthory's favorite nephew. He went to Poland at his uncle's invitation in 1578 and studied at the Jesuit college in Pułtusk. He became canon in the Chapter of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Warmia in 1581, and provost of the Monastery of Miechów in 1583. Pope Gregory XIII appointed Báthory cardinal during his visit to Rome in 1584. A year later, he was installed as coadjutor bishop of Warmia. He was in Rome again when Stephen Báthory died in 1586. Andrew was one of the candidates to succeed him in Poland and Lithuania, but Jan Zamoyski, the Chancellor of Poland, convinced him to support another candidate, Sigismund Vasa, and to demonstrate the Báthorys' claim to the crown only through nominating his minor cousin, Sigismund Báthory, Prince of Transylvania. After Sigismund Vasa was elected king in 1587, Báthory convinced his cousin's advisors to send reinforcements to Poland to fight against Maximilian of Habsburg, who also claimed the throne. Báthory became Prince-Bishop of Warmia after the death of Bishop Marcin Kromer in 1589. (Full article...) "Liubi, Liubi, I Love You" (English: "Love, Love, I Love You") is a song recorded by Romanian group Todomondo, consisting of Andrei Ștefănescu, Ciro de Luca, Kamara Ghedi, Bogdan Tașcău, Valeriu Răileanu and Vlad Crețu. It was released as a CD single in 2007 by the Romanian Television (TVR) in Romania. The track is multilingual and is performed in six languages: English, Romanian, Spanish, Italian, French and Russian. Tașcău produced the song and co-wrote it with Crețu and Ghedi. Its lyrics deal with the theme of love and European clichés. "Liubi, Liubi, I Love You" represented Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007, held in Helsinki, Finland after winning the pre-selection show Selecția Națională. In Helsinki, Romania automatically qualified to the final due to their top ten placement in the previous year and finished in 13th place with 84 points. "Liubi, Liubi, I Love You" was promoted through performances in Belarus and a music video shot in Romania by Dan Manoliu. It charted at number 82 on the Romanian Top 100. (Full article...) A 19th-century copy of a portrait attributed to Martin Kober representing Stephen Báthory in decorative Sarmatian attire Stephen Báthory (Hungarian: Báthory István; Polish: Stefan Batory; Lithuanian: Steponas Batoras; 27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was Voivode of Transylvania (1571–1576), Prince of Transylvania (1576–1586), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576–1586). The son of Stephen VIII Báthory and a member of the Hungarian Báthory noble family, Báthory was a ruler of Transylvania in the 1570s, defeating another challenger for that title, Gáspár Bekes. (Full article...) Selected article - Sviatoslav I by Eugene Lanceray (1886) Sviatoslav or Svyatoslav I Igorevich (Old East Slavic: Свѧтославъ Игорєвичь, romanized: Svętoslavŭ Igorevičǐ; Old Norse: Sveinald; c. 943 – 972) was Prince of Kiev from 945 until his death in 972. He is known for his persistent campaigns in the east and south, which precipitated the collapse of two great powers in Eastern Europe, Khazaria and the First Bulgarian Empire. He conquered numerous East Slavic tribes, defeated the Alans and attacked the Volga Bulgars, and at times was allied with the Pechenegs and Magyars (Hungarians). Following the death of his father Igor in 945, Sviatoslav's mother Olga reigned as regent in Kiev until 962. His decade-long reign over the Kievan Rus' was marked by rapid expansion into the Volga River valley, the Pontic steppe, and the Balkans, leading him to carve out for himself the largest state in Europe. In 969, he moved his seat to Pereyaslavets on the Danube. In 970, he appointed his sons Yaropolk and Oleg as subordinate princes of Kiev and Drelinia, while he appointed Vladimir, his son by his housekeeper and servant Malusha, as the prince of Novgorod. (Full article...) List of selected articles Căile Ferate Române Romanian cuisine Marie of Romania Yugoslav monitor Vardar Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains Foundation of Wallachia Panait Cerna Romania in the Middle Ages Timișoara Ion Heliade Rădulescu Regulamentul Organic Yugoslav monitor Sava Vampire History of the flags of Romania Origin of the Romanians Port of Constanța Ciomadul Romanian language Romania national football team Carpathian Mountains Romanian Revolution Bucharest Kingdom of Romania Timișoara Iași Constanța Craiova Greater Romania COVID-19 pandemic in Romania 1944 Romanian coup d'état Romania in World War II Religion in Romania Highways in Romania Romania in World War I Romanian Orthodox Church LGBT rights in Romania Transylvania Arad, Romania Unification of Moldova and Romania Romani people in Romania Carol I of Romania Pitești Prison Romanian wine Early Modern Romania Slavery in Romania National Liberal Party (Romania) Origin of the Romanians Symbolist movement in Romania Henri Coandă International Airport Wallachia Dacia Logan Dacia Sandero Dacia Duster Automotive industry in Romania Selected biography - Horia Sima (3 July 1906 – 25 May 1993) was a Romanian fascist politician, best known as the second and last leader of the fascist paramilitary movement known as the Iron Guard (also known as the Legion of the Archangel Michael). Sima was also the Vice President of the Council of Ministers and de facto co-leader in Ion Antonescu's National Legionary State. Sima had previously served briefly as State Secretary of Education under Gheorghe Tătărescu in 1940, and as a short-lived Minister of Religion and Arts in the government of Ion Gigurtu. In January 1941, Sima initiated and led the Legionnaires' Rebellion against Conducător Ion Antonescu and the Romanian Army, for which he was sentenced to death, as well as the Bucharest pogrom, the largest and most violent pogrom against Jews in the history of Muntenia. Following the rebellion, Sima escaped to Germany, and later to Spain, where he lived until his death. In 1946, the Romanian People's Tribunals again sentenced Sima to death in absentia as a war criminal. (Full article...) List of selected biographies Vlad the Impaler Sebastian Stan Elisabeth of Romania Nadia Comăneci Brassaï Cosmin Contra Saul Steinberg Ana Pauker Ion Țiriac Irina-Camelia Begu Jacob L. Moreno Laura Codruța Kövesi Alexandru Maxim Haiducii Ecaterina Teodoroiu Nicolae Ceaușescu Tamara Tchinarova Klaus Iohannis Mihail Sadoveanu Cristina Neagu Ion Mihai Pacepa Liviu Dragnea Anna Lesko Nicu Vlad Gabriela Firea Corneliu Coposu Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej Maia Morgenstern Tudor Gheorghe Sorana Cîrstea Ioan Petru Culianu Elena Gheorghe Benjamin Fondane Viorica Dăncilă Jean Negulesco Smiley (singer) Prince Radu of Romania Loredana Groza Miodrag Belodedici Elena Ceaușescu Dinu Lipatti Ecaterina Szabo Emil Constantinescu Mădălina Diana Ghenea George Enescu Andreea Diaconu Ion Luca Caragiale Ana Bogdan Ferdinand I of Romania Daniela Silivaș George Emil Palade Related portals Selected picture The rock sculpture of Decebalus, made between 1994–2004, is a carving in rock of the face of Decebalus (r. AD 87–106), the last king of Dacia, who fought against the Roman emperors Domitian and Trajan to preserve the independence of his country, which corresponded to modern Romania. Did you know (auto generated) ... that in 1906, composer Robert Winterberg gave a concert for the queen of Romania? ... that film critic and censor D. I. Suchianu wanted Romanian moviegoers to cease "falling asleep whenever they're not shown a naked breast [or] a hip that's getting some action"? ... that Dimitrie Ralet, a pioneer Romanian orientalist, commended Ottoman reformers for not "blindly adopting what we in Europe take to mean civilization"? ... that three American bombers were downed over the Romanian village of Suslănești in May 1944? ... that in the first Romanian universal chronicle, Mihail Moxa shows "the God of the Old and New Testaments baptizing His stars with the names of Olympian deities"? ... that Romanian actress Mitzura Arghezi was once told by her father that her career path held "few satisfactions [...] if you're not a director's wife, a manager's wife, this and that man's girlfriend"? More did you know ...that Bucharest's RATB mass transit network is the fourth largest in Europe? General images The following are images from various Romania-related articles on Wikipedia. Mustard soup with croutons (from Culture of Romania) Clătite with jam (from Culture of Romania) Vasile Alecsandri (from Culture of Romania) Turda salt mine (from Geography of Romania) First Bulgarian Empire (from History of Romania) Romania map of Köppen climate classification, according with Clima României from the Administrația Națională de Meteorologie, Bucharest 2008 (from Geography of Romania) Engraving of a fairy tale scene, featuring Prince Charming (Făt-Frumos) and a dragon (zmeu). (from Culture of Romania) Mateiu Caragiale (from Culture of Romania) Ștefan Luchian (from Culture of Romania) Papanași (from Culture of Romania) Andrei Mureșanu (from Culture of Romania) George Barițiu (from Culture of Romania) C.A. Rosetti (from Culture of Romania) The medieval and picturesque Transylvanian Saxon town of Sighișoara (Hungarian: Segesvár, German: Schäßburg) (from Culture of Romania) Ioan Slavici (from Culture of Romania) University Square in Bucharest during Communism (from Culture of Romania) Timeline of the borders of Romania between 1859 and 2010 (from History of Romania) Romanian pavilion at EXPO Paris 1937 (from History of Romania) Duiliu Zamfirescu (from Culture of Romania) Romania has seen its largest waves of protests against judicial reform ordinances of the PSD-ALDE coalition during the 2017–2019 Romanian protests. (from History of Romania) The sanctuaries in the ruined Sarmizegetusa Regia, the capital of ancient Dacia (from History of Romania) The legend map showing Burebista's campaigns (from History of Romania) Votive stele representing Bendis wearing a Dacian cap (British Museum) (from History of Romania) Titu Maiorescu (from Culture of Romania) Illustration featuring the Romanian coat of arms and tricolor (from Culture of Romania) Iași (capital of Moldavia) at the end of the 18th century (from Culture of Romania) Romanian "tamburași" drummers in traditional clothing (from Culture of Romania) The comprehensive map detailing the approximate lands inhabited by the Getae according to Strabo's accounts (from History of Romania) St. Nicholas Church, Brașov in Brașov (Hungarian: Brassó) (from Culture of Romania) Tarabostes on the Arch of Constantine (from History of Romania) The sanctuaries of the ancient Dacian Kingdom capital, Sarmizegetusa Regia (from History of Romania) Geto-Dacian Koson, mid 1st century BC (from History of Romania) Mihai Eminescu, national poet of Romania and Moldova (from Culture of Romania) Nicolae Ceaușescu condemning the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 (from History of Romania) EUROPAfest Jazz festival in Bucharest (2010) (from Culture of Romania) Bucharest (capital of Wallachia) at the end of the 18th century (from Culture of Romania) Seal of Michael the Brave during the personal union of the two Romanian principalities with Transylvania (from History of Romania) The legend map of Dacia at its zenith (from History of Romania) Nicolae Grigorescu (from Culture of Romania) Ion Heliade Rădulescu (from Culture of Romania) Europe in 1190 (from History of Romania) Baked pumpkin with powdered sugar and cinnamon (from Culture of Romania) A 19th century depiction of Dacian women (from History of Romania) Proclamation of Union between Transylvania and Romania (from History of Romania) Victory Avenue in Bucharest, 1940 (from Culture of Romania) Dacia during Constantine the Great (from History of Romania) Baked potatoes with steak and cucumber salad (from Culture of Romania) Territories inhabited by Romanians before WWI (from History of Romania) Romania administered Transnistria, the area between the Dniester and Southern Bug, in July 1941. (from History of Romania) Nicolae Ceaușescu and others welcome the Red Army as it enters Bucharest on 30 August 1944. (from History of Romania) Bran Castle (German: Törzburg, Hungarian: Törcsvár) built in 1212, is commonly known as Dracula's Castle and is situated in the centre of present-day Romania. In addition to its unique architecture, the castle is famous because of persistent myths that it was once the home of Vlad III Dracula. (from History of Romania) Calistrat Hogaș (from Culture of Romania) Lieutenant Emil Rebreanu was awarded the Medal for Bravery in gold, the highest military award given by the Austrian command to an ethnic Romanian; he would later be hanged for desertion while trying to escape to Romania. (from History of Romania) Principality of Wallachia, Principality of Moldavia, and Principality of Transylvania in personal union of Michael the Brave in 1600 (from History of Romania) Ion Creangă (from Culture of Romania) Map of Europe in 1648 showing Transylvania and the two Romanian principalities: Wallachia and Moldavia (from History of Romania) Humanitas headquarters in Bucharest (from Culture of Romania) Romanian territorial losses in the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918 (from History of Romania) Great Romania (1920–1940) (from History of Romania) The thinkers of Hamangia, Neolithic Hamangia culture (c. 5250 – 4550 BC) (from History of Romania) Antonescu and Adolf Hitler at the Führerbau in Munich (June 1941) (from History of Romania) St. Sylvester's Church in Bucharest (from Culture of Romania) Tochitură (from Culture of Romania) Two of the eight marble statues of Dacian warriors surmounting the Arch of Constantine in Rome (from History of Romania) Ion Luca Caragiale (from Culture of Romania) Allies operations against the Axis (from History of Romania) Putna Monastery in Suceava County, Bukovina (from Culture of Romania) Romanian keyboard with special characters (from Culture of Romania) Romania after the territorial losses of 1940. The recovery of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina was the catalyst for Romania's entry into the war on Germany's side. (from History of Romania) The map that shows the Dacian invasion of Boii and Taurisci (from History of Romania) The Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1786, Italian map by G. Pittori, since the geographer Giovanni Antonio Rizzi Zannoni (from History of Romania) Alexandru Odobescu (from Culture of Romania) The Dacian kingdom under Decebalus (from History of Romania) Cheile Turzii and Hășdate River in Transylvania. (from Geography of Romania) The foundation of the First Bulgarian Empire (from History of Romania) Dacian cast in Pushkin Museum, after original in Lateran Museum. Early second century AD. (from History of Romania) Map of Romania after World War II indicating lost territories (from History of Romania) George Coșbuc (from Culture of Romania) Europe in 14th century (from History of Romania) The Communist government fostered the personality cult of Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena, 1986. (from History of Romania) 1941 stamp depicting a Romanian and a German soldier in reference to the two countries' common participation in Operation Barbarossa. The text below reads the holy war against Bolshevism. (from History of Romania) Ciprian Porumbescu (from Culture of Romania) Ethnic map of Greater Romania according to the 1930 census. Sizeable ethnic minorities put Romania at odds with Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Soviet Union throughout the interwar period. (from History of Romania) Peleș Castle, retreat of Romanian monarchs (from History of Romania) One of the greatest existence of Dacia (from History of Romania) Greek Catholic cathedral in Blaj, Transylvania(Hungarian: Balázsfalva) (from Culture of Romania) Roman walls in Dacia (from History of Romania) Neacșu's letter is the oldest surviving document written in Romanian. (from Culture of Romania) Kingdom of Romania in 1939 (from History of Romania) Roman Dacia, between 106 and 271 AD (from History of Romania) Top: territories controlled by the Dacian king, c. 50 BC; bottom: territories controlled by the Dacian king, circa year zero (from History of Romania) Sibiu (Hungarian: Nagyszeben, German: Hermannstadt), the 2007 European Capital of Culture (from Culture of Romania) Physical and administrative map of Romania, with the historic regions in grey (Țara Românească means Wallachia). 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