Concordat on Openness on Animal Research
The Concordat on Openness on Animal Research is a UK initiative of scientific organizations, funders and providers who directly carry out, or whose members or beneficiaries carry out animal research.[1] It is a pledge by signatory organizations to offer the public greater information about research that involves animals.[2]
The Concordat on Openness on Animal Research in the UK was established in 2014 to provide "measurable steps" for researchers that use animals in the UK, to talk openly about their work.[1][3] It is part of the UK biomedical community's "openness agenda", which encourages researchers and technical staff who work in animal testing or research to talk openly about why their work is important to them.[4][5]
At its launch, the Concordat on Openness' authors said that signatory organizations should "provide accurate descriptions of the benefits, harms and limitations of research, be realistic about the potential outputs of such research and be open about its impact on animal welfare and the ethical considerations involved". Signatories are strongly encouraged to offer access to their animal research facilities to journalists, MPs, and local school, patient and community groups[6] and are required to have public-facing webpages that describe their relationship to the use of animals in scientific research, and state why they feel their practices are justified. Ideally, if they use animals in research within their own organization the webpages will state how many they use in a year and how they ensure that their animals are well-cared for. Many also explain UK regulations and practices that govern how animals in science are protected as well as highlighting their own areas of research.[7]
Background[edit]
In 2012 a UK opinion poll showed that two thirds of people did not trust the regulations that protected the animals used in science, and half did not feel sufficiently informed on the subject. A concerned group of UK research organizations including universities, medical research charities and government research institutes that use animals in scientific research they would address the lack of public communication about the use of animals in bio-medical research.[5] The group developed a "concordat" to outline measurable steps that organizations could take to be more open with the public about how and why animals are used in scientific research.[8]
It is one of several UK higher education research related Concordats, supported by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI),[9] alongside the Concordat for Career Development of Researchers,[10] the Concordat to Support Research Integrity,[11] the Concordat on Open Research Data[12] and the Concordat on Engaging the Public with Research.[13]
The wording of the Concordat on Openness and accompanying guidance was developed by governance groups chaired by Geoff Watts and Wendy Jarrett.[14][15] In drafting the Concordat these groups looked to the public,[16] the scientific community and journalists to find out what steps needed to be taken an what openness meant to them.[17] The Concordat on Openness on Animal Research in the UK was signed by 72 signatory organizations when it launched in 2014, and contains four commitments:[18][6]
- We will be clear about when, how and why we use animals in research
- We will enhance our communications with the media and the public about our research using animals
- We will be proactive in providing opportunities for the public to find out about research using animals
- We will report on progress annually and share our experiences
Adherence to the four commitments is voluntary and self-reported by signatories annually. The information they provide is compiled into annual reports.[19] Since 2016 it has been mandatory for all signatories are required to have publicly accessible information about how, when and why they use animals in research on their websites.[20]
The UK's change in approach to communicating about animals in research, and the information available to the public about how animals are used in research has been noted around the world, with calls to develop similar initiatives in the USA[21] and in Australia and New Zealand.[22] Critics say that the "openness" championed by the concordat on openness is too selective to make a real difference, champions the status quo, and does not do enough to challenge the practices of organizations that use animals in research or hold them to account.[23]
Signatories[edit]
Universities[edit]
Learned Societies[edit]
Commercial Organizations[edit]
Trade Associations and Advocacy Groups[edit]
Charities[edit]
Research Institutes[edit]
Government departments and agencies[edit]
Administration and activities[edit]
The Concordat on Openness on Animal Research in the UK is run and administered by Understanding Animal Research. Awards to celebrate innovation and best practices around openness are held annually in December, coinciding with release of the annual report.[25] In 2018 signatories of the Concordat on Openness on Animal Research publicly announced the top ten UK universities for animal research, stating that these universities, all of which appear in the QS 2018 World University Ranking Top 200, carried out over a third of all animal research conducted in the UK in 2017.[26]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Concordat on Openness on Animal Research in the UK". Concordat on Openness. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ Stoye, Emma (19 May 2014). "UK researchers pledge transparency in animal research". Chemistry World. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ "Members' guide to the Concordat on Openness on Animal Research" (PDF). 14 May 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ Mcleod, Carmen (25 May 2015). "Opening up animal research and science–society relations? A thematic analysis of transparency discourses in the United Kingdom". Public Understanding of Science. 25 (7): 791–806. doi:10.1177/0963662515586320. PMC 5036072. PMID 26009149.
- ^ a b Jarrett, Wendy (20 July 2016). "The Concordat on Openness and its benefits to animal research". Lab Animal. 45 (6): 201–202. doi:10.1038/laban.1026. PMID 27203253. S2CID 51726780 – via Nature.
- ^ a b Morgan, James (14 May 2020). "Animal research 'pledge on openness' agreed". BBC News, Science and Environment. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ Williams, A (7 May 2020). "Concordat on Openness Annual Report 2015" (PDF). Concordat Openness. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "Wellcome Trust Signs Declaration on Openness on Animal Research". Wellcome Trust. 19 October 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "UK Higher Education Research Related Concordats". Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ "Concordat for the Career Development of Researchers". Vitae. 1 September 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "The Concordat to Support Research Integrity". UK Research Integrity Office. 19 October 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Condordat on Open Research Data". UKRI. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Concordat for Engaging the Public with Research". National Coordinating Centre for Public Engagement. 29 November 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "The Concordat on Openness on Animal Research". Academy of Medical Sciences. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "History of the Concordat". Concordat on Openness. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "The Public's view on Openness and Transparency in Animal Research". Ipsos Mori. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Concordat on Openness on Animal Research". Science Media Centre. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ Cressey, Daniel (14 May 2014). "UK institutions sign up to animal-research openness". Nature. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
- ^ "Concordat on Openness Resources". Concordat on Openness. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ Williams, A (5 December 2016). "Concordat on Openness on Animal Research in the UK Annual Report 2016" (PDF). Concordat on Openness. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ Grimm, David (26 June 2018). "'A cataclysmic wake-up call': Can more candor win back support for animal research?". Science. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ Australian and New Zealand Laboratory Animal Association (19 September 2019). "Animal research: It's time to be more open". Australian and New Zealand Laboratory Animal Association Conference. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ Pound, Pandora; Blaug, Ricardo (11 May 2020). "Transparency and Public Involvement in Animal Research" (PDF). ATLA. 44 (2): 167–173. doi:10.1177/026119291604400210. hdl:1983/d69f6b7f-f554-40d2-bb2d-fc03ebf24072. PMID 27256456. S2CID 31687553.
- ^ a b c d "Concordat on Openness List of Signatories". Retrieved 6 May 2020.
- ^ "Openness Award for MRC Animal Research Team at Oxford". University of Oxford. 4 December 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Top ten universities for animal research announced". Oxford University News. 20 November 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2020.