Draft:Steve Schwartzman

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Steve Schwartzman
File:SteveSchwartzman MG 1016 287x377.jpeg
Born
Stephan Schwartzman

Washington, D.C.
CitizenshipAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Minnesota (BA) University of Chicago (MA, PhD)
Scientific career
FieldsIndigenous/traditional peoples Tropical forest policy
InstitutionsEnvironmental Defense Fund

Instituto Socioambiental

Instituto de Estudos Socio-Economicos
ThesisThe Panara of the Xingu National Park: The Transformation of a Society

Stephan (Steve) Schwartzman is an American anthropologist and tropical forest policy analyst.[1] His areas of expertise include the Brazilian Amazon, indigenous peoples and traditional communities, REDD+, and financial incentives for environmental protection.[1] He has represented Brazil’s Institute for Socio-Economic Studies (INESC), served as coordinator of the U.S.-Brazil Tropical Forest Action Network, and consulted for the Anthropology Resource Center and other indigenous rights organizations.[2] He is currently[when?] serving as the senior director for tropical forest policy at Environmental Defense Fund.[1]

Early life and education[edit]

Schwartzman was born and raised in Washington, D.C.[3] He graduated with a B.A. in Anthropology from the University of Minnesota in 1975, and went on to graduate with an M.A. in Anthropology from the University of Chicago in 1979.[1]

He earned his PhD in Anthropology from the University of Chicago in 1988, where he wrote his thesis entitled "The Panará of the Xingu Indigenous Park: the Transformation of a Society." after living with the Panará people in the Brazilian Amazon for a year and a half.[3]

Schwartzman speaks English, Portuguese, Panará, and Spanish.[3]

File:Chico-mendes-with-steve-schwartzman.jpeg
Chico Mendes and Schwartzman in the late 1980s at the Nazare rubber estate in Xapuri, Acre, where they were accompanying American journalists writing a story on the Amazon. Photo credit: J.B. Forbes.

Career[edit]

Schwartzman was an international representative at the Instituto de Estudos Socio-Economicos (1985-1987); a visiting researcher at the Instituto Socioambiental (1995-1996); a staff anthropologist at Environmental Defense Fund (1987-1997); a senior scientist at Environmental Defense Fund (1998-2000); the co-director of Environmental Defense Fund's International Program (2000-2007); and then the senior director of Environmental Defense Fund's Tropical Forest Policy program (2008-Present).[4][5]

In addition to his employment, Schwartzman has also taken on volunteer faculty and board positions. He was a steering council member of the Amazon Alliance (1995-1997); on the board of directors of Amanka'a Amazon Network (1990-1998); a founding member of Instituto Socioambiental (1995); a board member of Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental na Amazônia (2004-Present); a member of the scientific advisory panel for the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program; a scholar in residence at American University's School of International Service (2005-2008); and a courtesy faculty member of the University of Florida's School of Forestry and Natural Resources (2006 - 2010).[1][6][7][8][9]

Advocacy[edit]

Schwartzman testified before American and Brazilian governmental bodies regarding indigenous rights and tropical forest conservation on several occasions:

At Environmental Defense Fund, Steve Schwartzman and partners supported the Panará community when they successfully reoccupied their ancestral territories in Brazil and created a conservation corridor totaling 7 million hectares.[10] This project completed a continuous corridor of high-value forestlands totaling more than 27 million hectares of intact forest in the heart of the Amazon, the size of the U.K.[11][12]

He also organized prominent environmental justice leader Chico Mendes's trips to the United States in 1987 and 1988, where he set up meetings and interviews with government leaders and translated for him to help spread Mendes’ story and ideas about equitable, effective tropical forest conservation. When Mendes was assassinated in 1988, Schwartzman championed efforts to pressure the Brazilian government into thoroughly investigating the crime.[13][14]

Selected Published Work[edit]

Schwartzman's peer-reviewed articles, essays, and other works have appeared in Science, Conservation Biology, PNAS, and many other publications. His works include:

Peer-Reviewed Articles[edit]

  • Schwartzman, S. et al. (2021). Environmental integrity of emissions reductions depends on scale and systemic changes, not sector of origin. Environmental Research.[15]
  • Zimmerman, B., S. Schwartzman, A. Jerozolimski, J. Esllei, D. Santini, and S. Hugh, (2020). Large scale forest conservation with an Indigenous people in the highly threatened southeastern Amazon: the Kayapó. Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes.[16]
  • Walker, W. S., Gorelik, S. R., Baccini, A., Aragon-Osejo, J. L., Josse, C., Meyer, C., ... & Schwartzman, S. (2020). The role of forest conversion, degradation, and disturbance in the carbon dynamics of Amazon indigenous territories and protected areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.[17]
  • Schwartzman, S. (2018). Chico Mendes, the rubber tappers and the Indians: reimagining conservation and development in the Amazon. Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente.[18]
  • Wayne Walker, Alessandro Baccini, Stephan Schwartzman, et al. (2014). Forest carbon in Amazonia: the unrecognized contribution of indigenous territories and protected natural areas. Carbon Management.[19]
  • Schwartzman S, Boas AV, Ono KY, Fonseca MG, Doblas J, Zimmerman B, Junqueira P, Jerozolimski A, Salazar M, Junqueira RP, Torres M. (2013). The natural and social history of the indigenous lands and protected areas corridor of the Xingu River basin. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.[20]
  • Schwartzman, S. et al. (2010). Social Movements and Large-Scale Tropical Forest Conservation on the Amazon Frontier: Conservation from Chaos. The Journal of Environment and Development.[21]
  • Schwartzman, S. (2010). Nature and Culture in Central Brazil: Panará natural resource concepts and tropical forest conservation. Journal of Sustainable Forestry.[22]
  • Nepstad, D., B. Soares, F. Merry, A. Lima, P. Moutinho, J. Carter, M. Bowman, A. Cattaneo, H. Rodrigues, S. Schwartzman, et al. (2009). The End of Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Science.[23]
  • Nepstad, D., S. Schwartzman, et al. (2006). Inhibition of Amazon deforestation and fires by parks and indigenous reserves. Conservation Biology.[24]
  • Schwartzman, S. and B. Zimmerman. (2005). Conservation alliances with indigenous peoples of the Amazon. Conservation Biology.[25]
  • Bonnie, R. and S. Schwartzman. (2003). Tropical reforestation and deforestation and the Kyoto Protocol. Conservation Biology.
  • Schwartzman, S. et al. (2000). Perils in Parks: Rethinking tropical forest conservation. Conservation Biology.[26]
  • Schwartzman, S. et al (2000). Arguing tropical forest conservation: people vs parks. Conservation Biology.[27]
  • Bonnie, R., M. Oppenheimer, S. Schwartzman and J. Bloomfield. (2000). Counting the cost of deforestation. Science.[28]
  • Nepstad, D. and S. Schwartzman, editors. (1992). Non-Timber Products from Tropical Forests: Evaluation of a Conservation and Development Strategy. Advances in Economic Botany.[29]
  • Schwartzman, S. (1992). Land Distribution and the Social Costs of Frontier Development in Brazil: Social and Historical Context of Extractive Reserves in Non-Timber Products from Tropical Forests: Evaluation of a Conservation and Development Strategy. Advances in Economic Botany.[30]
  • Schwartzman, S. (1991). Deforestation and Popular Resistance in Acre: From Local Social Movement to Global Network. The Centennial Review.[31]
  • Schwartzman, S. (1983). Linguistic Humor and the Maintenance of Krenakore Identity under Contact. International Journal of American Linguistics.[32]

Reports[edit]

  • Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation: What Contribution Carbon Markets? (2008) Climate Report. No. 14. Caisse des Depôts. Paris, France.[33]
  • Fires in the Amazon - an analysis of NOAA -12 satellite data. (1997). Environmental Defense Fund.
  • Brazil: The Legal Battle Over Indigenous Land Rights. (1966). NACLA Report on the Americas.[34]

Books[edit]

  • Schwartzman, S. and P. Moutinho. (2008). Compensated reductions: Rewarding Developing Countries for Protecting Forest Carbon, in Climate Change and Forests: Emerging Policy and Market Opportunities. In book: Forestry and Climate Change. Chatham House, London.[35]
  • Schwartzman, S. (2006). Panará: De volta para o futuro. In Povos Indígenas no Brasil: 2001-2005. eds. Beto Ricardo and Fany Ricardo, Instituto Socioambiental, São Paulo.[36]
  • Moreira, A. and S. Schwartzman, editors. (2000). Ecosistemas Brasileiras e Mudança Climática. Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental na Amazônia. Brasilia, Brasil.[37]
  • Schwartzman, S., editor. (1998). From the Ashes: Reflections on Chico Mendes and the Future of the Rainforest. Schwartzman, S., editor. Environmental Defense Fund and National Wildlife Federation, Washington DC.[38]
  • Arndt, R. and S. Schwartzman. (1992). O Artifício Orgânico: Transição na Amazônia 1985-1990. Editora Roxa, Rio de Janeiro.[39]
  • Schwartzman, S. (1986). Bankrolling Disasters: International Development Banks and the Global Environment. (Citizen's Guide to the Multilateral Development Banks, Sierra Club and Environmental Defense Fund).[40]

Essays[edit]

  • Schwartzman, S. (2010). World Bank Holds Funds for Development Project in Brazil. Survival International.[41]
  • Santilli, M., P. Moutinho, S. Schwartzman, D. Nepstad, L. Curran and C. Nobre. (2005). Tropical Deforestation and the Kyoto Protocol: an editorial essay. Climatic Change.[42]
  • Schwartzman, S. 2004. (review) Etnodesenvolvimento e políticas públicas; Estado e povos indígenas: Alem da Tutela: bases para uma nova política indigenista. In Mana: Estudos de Antropologia Social.[43]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e "Steve Schwartzman". Environmental Defense Fund. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
  2. ^ Sullivan, Sian. "Living amongst 'things of value': Stephan Schwartzman, indigenous restitution, and forest (carbon) conservation". American Anthropologist.
  3. ^ a b c Menon, Shanti (Spring 2021). "Defender of the rainforest" (PDF). edf.org.
  4. ^ Relations, Bard Public. "BARD CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY TO HOST OPEN FORUM ON LEGACY OF AMAZON RAIN FOREST CHAMPION CHICO MENDES Renowned Panel Includes Andrew Revkin, New York Times Environmental Reporter and Author of The Burning Season: The Murder of Chico Mendes and t | Bard College Public Relations". www.bard.edu. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  5. ^ "Steve Schwartzman". Environmental Defense Fund. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  6. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan; Zimmerman, Barbara (June 2005). "Conservation Alliances with Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon". Conservation Biology. 19 (3): 721–727. Bibcode:2005ConBi..19..721S. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00695.x. ISSN 0888-8892. S2CID 54681069.
  7. ^ "Amanaka'a Amazon Network". Against the Current. July–August 1993. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  8. ^ "Members". ISA - Instituto Socioambiental. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  9. ^ "Steve Schwartzman". IPAM Amazônia (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  10. ^ "Panará - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil". pib.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
  11. ^ "Tragedy and transformation in Brazil's Xingu River Basin". blogs.edf.org. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
  12. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan (2010-05-28). "Nature and Culture in Central Brazil: Panará Natural Resource Concepts and Tropical Forest Conservation". Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 29 (2–4): 302–327. Bibcode:2010JSusF..29..302S. doi:10.1080/10549810903548161. ISSN 1054-9811. S2CID 83804286.
  13. ^ "Chico Mendes: A living legacy". Environmental Defense Fund. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
  14. ^ "Environmentalists Press Brazil President On Amazon Murder". Environmental Defense Fund. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
  15. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan; Lubowski, Ruben N; Pacala, Stephen W; Keohane, Nathaniel O; Kerr, Suzi; Oppenheimer, Michael; Hamburg, Steven P (2021-09-01). "Environmental integrity of emissions reductions depends on scale and systemic changes, not sector of origin". Environmental Research Letters. 16 (9): 091001. Bibcode:2021ERL....16i1001S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac18e8. ISSN 1748-9326. S2CID 237006874.
  16. ^ Zimmerman, Barbara; Schwartzman, Stephen; Jerozolimski, Adriano; Esllei, Junio; Santini, Edson; Hugh, Sonia (2020). Large Scale Forest Conservation With an Indigenous People in the Highly Threatened Southeastern Amazon of Brazil: The Kayapo. pp. 27–34. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.11918-9. ISBN 9780128160978. S2CID 214110766.
  17. ^ Walker, Wayne S.; Gorelik, Seth R.; Baccini, Alessandro; Aragon-Osejo, Jose Luis; Josse, Carmen; Meyer, Chris; Macedo, Marcia N.; Augusto, Cicero; Rios, Sandra; Katan, Tuntiak; de Souza, Alana Almeida; Cuellar, Saul; Llanos, Andres; Zager, Irene; Mirabal, Gregorio Díaz (2020-02-11). "The role of forest conversion, degradation, and disturbance in the carbon dynamics of Amazon indigenous territories and protected areas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (6): 3015–3025. Bibcode:2020PNAS..117.3015W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1913321117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7022157. PMID 31988116.
  18. ^ "Chico Mendes, the rubber tappers and the Indians: reimagining conservation and development in the Amazon". S2CID 210137443. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  19. ^ Walker, Wayne; Baccini, Alessandro; Schwartzman, Stephan; Ríos, Sandra; Oliveira-Miranda, María A.; Augusto, Cicero; Ruiz, Milton Romero; Arrasco, Carla Soria; Ricardo, Beto; Smith, Richard; Meyer, Chris; Jintiach, Juan Carlos; Campos, Edwin Vasquez (2014-11-02). "Forest carbon in Amazonia: the unrecognized contribution of indigenous territories and protected natural areas". Carbon Management. 5 (5–6): 479–485. Bibcode:2014CarM....5..479W. doi:10.1080/17583004.2014.990680. ISSN 1758-3004. S2CID 153623490.
  20. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan; Boas, André Villas; Ono, Katia Yukari; Fonseca, Marisa Gesteira; Doblas, Juan; Zimmerman, Barbara; Junqueira, Paulo; Jerozolimski, Adriano; Salazar, Marcelo; Junqueira, Rodrigo Prates; Torres, Maurício (2013-06-05). "The natural and social history of the indigenous lands and protected areas corridor of the Xingu River basin". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 368 (1619): 20120164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0164. ISSN 1471-2970. PMC 3638430. PMID 23610170.
  21. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan; Alencar, Ane; Zarin, Hilary; Santos Souza, Ana Paula (September 2010). "Social Movements and Large-Scale Tropical Forest Protection on the Amazon Frontier: Conservation From Chaos". The Journal of Environment & Development. 19 (3): 274–299. doi:10.1177/1070496510367627. ISSN 1070-4965. S2CID 154799874.
  22. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan (2010-05-28). "Nature and Culture in Central Brazil: Panará Natural Resource Concepts and Tropical Forest Conservation". Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 29 (2–4): 302–327. Bibcode:2010JSusF..29..302S. doi:10.1080/10549810903548161. ISSN 1054-9811. S2CID 83804286.
  23. ^ Nepstad, Daniel; Soares-Filho, Britaldo S.; Merry, Frank; Lima, André; Moutinho, Paulo; Carter, John; Bowman, Maria; Cattaneo, Andrea; Rodrigues, Hermann; Schwartzman, Stephan; McGrath, David G.; Stickler, Claudia M.; Lubowski, Ruben; Piris-Cabezas, Pedro; Rivero, Sergio (2009-12-04). "Environment. The end of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon". Science. 326 (5958): 1350–1351. doi:10.1126/science.1182108. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 19965742. S2CID 202690550.
  24. ^ Nepstad, D.; Schwartzman, S.; Bamberger, B.; Santilli, M.; Ray, D.; Schlesinger, P.; Lefebvre, P.; Alencar, A.; Prinz, E.; Fiske, Greg; Rolla, Alicia (February 2006). "Inhibition of Amazon deforestation and fire by parks and indigenous lands". Conservation Biology: The Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology. 20 (1): 65–73. Bibcode:2006ConBi..20...65N. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00351.x. ISSN 0888-8892. PMID 16909660. S2CID 13397278.
  25. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan; Zimmerman, Barbara (June 2005). "Conservation Alliances with Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon". Conservation Biology. 19 (3): 721–727. Bibcode:2005ConBi..19..721S. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00695.x. ISSN 0888-8892. S2CID 54681069.
  26. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan; Moreira, Adriana; Nepstad, Daniel (2000). "Rethinking Tropical Forest Conservation: Perils in Parks". Conservation Biology. 14 (5): 1351–1357. Bibcode:2000ConBi..14.1351S. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99329.x. ISSN 0888-8892. JSTOR 2641784. S2CID 15622697.
  27. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan; Nepstad, Daniel; Moreira, Adriana (2000). "Arguing Tropical Forest Conservation: People versus Parks". Conservation Biology. 14 (5): 1370–1374. Bibcode:2000ConBi..14.1370S. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.00227.x. ISSN 0888-8892. JSTOR 2641789. S2CID 84226644.
  28. ^ Bonnie, R.; Schwartzman, S.; Oppenheimer, M.; Bloomfield, J. (2000-06-09). "Environmental policy. Counting the cost of deforestation". Science. 288 (5472): 1763–1764. doi:10.1126/science.288.5472.1763. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10877697. S2CID 140149857.
  29. ^ Nepstad, Daniel C.; Schwartzman, Stephan (1992). Non-timber products from tropical forests : evaluation of a conservation and development strategy. New York Botanical Garden. ISBN 978-0-89327-376-7.
  30. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan (1992). "Land Distribution and the Social Costs of Frontier Development in Brazil: Social and Historical Context of Extractive Reserves". Advances in Economic Botany. 9: 51–66. ISSN 0741-8280. JSTOR 43931389.
  31. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan (1991). "Deforestation and Popular Resistance in Acre: From Local Social Movement to Global Network". The Centennial Review. 35 (2): 397–422. ISSN 0162-0177. JSTOR 23739139.
  32. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan (1984). "Linguistic Humor and the Maintenance of Krenakore Identity under Contact". International Journal of American Linguistics. 50 (2): 232–237. doi:10.1086/465828. ISSN 0020-7071. JSTOR 1265605. S2CID 143203720.
  33. ^ "Reducing emissions from deforestation and - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. ProQuest 2533758993. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  34. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan (March 1996). "Brazil The Legal Battle Over Indigenous Land Rights". NACLA Report on the Americas. 29 (5): 36–43. doi:10.1080/10714839.1996.11725759. ISSN 1071-4839.
  35. ^ Freer-Smith, Peter H.; Broadmeadow, Mark S. J.; Lynch, Jim M., eds. (2010-03-03). Forestry and Climate Change (First ed.). Cambridge, Mass: CABI. ISBN 978-1-84593-596-2.
  36. ^ "Povos Indígenas no Brasil, 2001-2005. | Acervo | ISA". acervo.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  37. ^ Moreira, Adriana Gonçalves (2000). As mudanças climáticas globais e os ecossistemas brasileiros (in Brazilian Portuguese). Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia. ISBN 978-85-87413-02-4.
  38. ^ "From the ashes : reflections on Chico Mendes and the future of the rainforest. | Acervo | ISA". acervo.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  39. ^ Arnt, Ricardo; Schwartzman, Stephan (1992). Um artifício orgânico: transição na Amazônia e ambientalismo, 1985-1990 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rocco. ISBN 978-85-325-0132-5.
  40. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan (1986). Bankrolling Disasters: International Development Banks and the Global Environment : a Citizens' Environmental Guide to the World Bank and the Regional Multilateral Development Banks. Sierra Club.
  41. ^ "World Bank Holds Funds for Development Project in Brazil". www.culturalsurvival.org. 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
  42. ^ "Forests, Climate and Kyoto". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  43. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan (April 2004). "Etnodesenvolvimento e políticas públicas; Estado e povos indígenas; e Além da tutela: bases para uma nova política indigenista". Mana (in Portuguese). 10: 216–219. doi:10.1590/S0104-93132004000100014. ISSN 0104-9313.
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