Hockley Forge and Mill
| Hockley Forge and Mill | |
|---|---|
 1977 picture of Thomas Viaduct crossing the mill site | |
  Location within Maryland | |
| General information | |
| Type | Mill |
| Location | Elkridge, Maryland |
| Coordinates | 39°13′14″N 76°42′49″W / 39.2206°N 76.7137°W |
| Construction started | 14 June 1760 |
| Completed | 1760-1766 |
| Design and construction | |
| Main contractor | Caleb Dorsey (1710-1772) |
The Hockley Forge and Mill are a collection of colonial-era industrial buildings along the Patapsco River near modern Elkridge, Maryland.[1] Located at the river's head of navigation, the site is a flat section of land along the Patapsco River valley with steep embankments on either side. At its 19th-century peak, the site held more than 30 industrial buildings.
Initially, the site was the Patapsco crossing of the "Old Indian Road" surveyed by Oliver Cromwell in 1734.[2] In 1760, the forge site was surveyed by Edward Norwood; the forge itself was founded June 14 by Charles Carroll of Carrollton as the "Baltimore Company.[3] Other partners included Charles Carroll of Duddington, Daniel and Walter Dulany, Charles Carroll (barrister) and Benjamin Tasker, Sr. who also operated two other forges.[4] Operated by slaves, the forge produced goods to replace ones imported from England.[5]
When the old Baltimore forge burned down in April 1772, slaves were sent to work at the Hockley Forge.[6]
In 1781, the state of Maryland seized the company once owned in part by two Dulany cousins who were loyal to the British.[7] Dan Dulany of Baltimore owned a remaining interest in the forge, and wrote the state to reimburse him for the loss in value due to losses sustained by loyalists in the colonial war.[8] He cited that at the time, the forge property contained 100 acres and was operated by 98 slaves valued at 40 pounds each.[9]
Forge work depended on a declining supply of coal and wood which idled the plant in 1783.[10] In 1794, Christopher Johnston purchased the property and sold the equipment from the slitting mill to George Elliott for his upstream mill in 1807. The property was auctioned on September 16, 1819, renovated by the Carroll and Oliver families and resold in 1822.[11] A large distillery operation was put into operation by John McKim Jr. which ceased by 1833 when the Thomas Viaduct construction began. The mill continued in operation by George T Worthington until a fire in 1856. In 1868, a major flood damaged the four-story mill. The Levering family acquired the site and sold it in 1876 to the Viaduct Manufacturing Company. A street through the site is now named Levering Avenue. From 1906-1910, a 20-by-30-foot room was rented to Marion B. Davis, who manufactured brass screw threads and socket assemblies for automobiles delivered by horse and carriage.[12] The Viaduct Company produced telegraph equipment onsite until it was abandoned in 1914.
Since 1914, most of the remaining buildings have been demolished or destroyed by fire or flood.
Buildings[edit]
(Maryland State Archives)[13]
- Hockley Forge
- 1760 - Built of stone
- Saw Mill
- Built before 1794 - Frame construction
- Hockley-in-the-Hole (of Howard County)
- One-story brick structure, 42 by 15 feet, built by 1798. Named after a separate land tract called "Hockley-in-the-Hole" by patented by Edward Dorsey in 1664.
- Dairy, Smokehouse, Log Kitchen, (2) Frame Kitchens, (3) Wood construction Oat Houses
- Multiple supporting buildings built before 1798
- Grist Mill
- Built prior to 1794 - Four-story brick construction, 60 by 44 feet, burned in 1851, damaged or destroyed by flood on July 24, 1868.[14]
- Slittling Mill
- Built before 1798, 45 by 24 feet, stone
- Blacksmith shop
- Built before 1798, 30 by 16 feet, Stone construction
- Saw Mill
- Frame construction - 46 by 14 feet Built prior to 1798
- Stable
- Log building 25 by 18 feet built prior to 1798
- Kitchen
- Brick construction - built prior to 1829
- Distillery
- Built in 1829 - 102 by 42 brick construction, ceased in 1833
- Malt House
- Built in 1829 - ceased in 1833
- Cooper's Shop
- Built prior to 1829
- (5) Slave quarters, Barn and Stables
- Built prior to 1829
- Thomas Viaduct
- Curving stone arch bridge built in 1833 running across the river valley at the Hockley Forge site to start the first leg of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
- Grist Mill
- Two story flour mill built on East side of viaduct in 1852
- Grist Mill House
- Telescoping structure with slave quarters.[15]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "HO-740 Hockley Forge and Mill" (PDF). Retrieved 21 January 2014.
- ^ William Hand Browne; Louis Henry Dielman. Maryland Historical Magazine, Volume 16. p. 238.
- ^ Henry K Sharp. The Patapsco River Valley. p. 26.
- ^ Ronald Hoffman. Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland A Carroll Saga, 1500-1782. p. 229.
- ^ National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Volume 69. p. 53.
- ^ Charles Carroll; Ronald Hoffman; Sally D. Mason; Eleanor S. Darcy. Dear Papa, Dear Charley: The Peregrinations of a Revolutionary Aristocrat, as Told by Charles Carroll of Carrollton and His Father, Charles Carroll of Annapolis, with Sundry Observations on Bastardy, Child-rearing, Romance, Matrimony, Commerce, Tobacco, Slavery, and the Politics of Revolutionary America, Volume 2. p. 675.
- ^ Ronald Hoffman 1783. Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland A Carroll Saga, 1500-1782. p. 348.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ William Hand Browne; Louis Henry Dielman. Maryland Historical Magazine, Volume 16. p. 239.
- ^ William Hand Browne; Louis Henry Dielman. Maryland Historical Magazine, Volume 16. p. 239.
- ^ John Bezís-Selfa. Forging America: Ironworkers, Adventurers, and the Industrious Revolution. p. 29.
- ^ The Baltimore American. 13 May 1822.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Firm Keeps up-to-date with new machinery". The Times. 31 March 1965.
- ^ "HO-740 Hockley Forge and Mill" (PDF). Retrieved 21 January 2014.
- ^ Elizabeth Janney. Elkridge. p. 96.
- ^ Seeking Freedom The History of the Underground Railroad in Howard County. p. 65.
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