Lilla Cross
| Lilla Cross | |
|---|---|
 The Lilla Cross | |
| Type | Stone cross |
| Location | Fylingdales Moor, Goathland, North Yorkshire, England |
| Coordinates | 54°22′30″N 0°37′55″W / 54.375°N 0.632°W |
| OS grid reference | SE889987[1] |
| Elevation | 959 feet (292 m) |
| Height | 7.5 feet (2.3 m) |
| Designated | 23 February 1933 |
| Reference no. | 1010076 |
.svg)  Location of Lilla Cross in North Yorkshire | |
Lilla Cross is a marker on Lilla's Howe, Fylingdales Moor, in North Yorkshire, England. A story relates how King Edwin of Northumbria placed the cross there to mark the grave of Lilla, one of his thegns who saved his life during an assassination attempt. Whilst the current cross is believed to date to the 10th century, the original was placed there in 626. Even so, Lilla Cross is known for being the oldest marker of its type on the North York Moors. The ancient cross marks the intersection of pathways across the moor, the edges of four parishes and is also a waymarker on the Lyke Wake Walk.
History[edit]
The cross is located is on a hilltop known as Lilla's Howe, 959 feet (292 m) above sea level.[2][3] This is a burial mound beside an old track known as Old Wife's Trod.[4] Several paths met at Lilla Howe as the cross became a waymarker,[5] especially for those trying to get overland from Whitby and Robin Hood's Bay to Pickering, (the path of the A169 road not being built until 1759).[3] The Old Salt Road, and the Pannierman's Way both intersected at the cross, and the cross marked the meeting point of four ancient parishes, and the edge of ownership of Whitby Abbey.[6] Currently, the Lyke Wake Walk goes past the site of the cross, but the amount of walkers undermines the peat, destabilising the cross, and both the cross and the walk need regular maintenance.[7][8]
One of the stories for the cross is that of Lilla, a thegn of King Edwin of Northumbria, who is said to have prevented his master from being assassinated, and in doing so, was killed instead.[9] He was believed to have been buried under Lilla's Howe in 626, with the cross marking the spot.[10] Another part of the legend is that Lilla was a Christian, and so impressed with Lilla's behaviour, Edwin became a Christian too, being baptised by St Paulinus, and placing the cross on Lilla's grave to mark his resting place and sacrifice.[11] Certain items of gold and silver dug up from beneath the Howe by the cross, were destroyed by enemy action in Liverpool in May 1942.[12]
The original cross is known to have been placed there in the 7th century,[13] however, the current cross is believed to date from the 10th century,[14] and so is the oldest one of its type on the North York Moors.[15] It was first mentioned in a document concerning a boundary charter from 1109. One section refers to Lilla Cros and another to Lillahou Cross. The gold and silver found underneath the cross, and the design of the cross itself, have been noted to be of a "post-conquest style".[16]
In 1952, Fylingdales Moor became a military training area, so the cross was moved to Simon Howe to keep it from harm.[17] After the military had finished training there, the cross was replaced in its original position.[18] As it is quite close to the warning station of RAF Fylingdales (the cross is on the boundary of MoD land),[19] contrasts have been drawn between the two structures, which are quite close to one another.[20]
The cross is 7.5 feet (2.3 m) high and is styled in a "Maltese form". It marked the traditional boundaries for the parishes of Fylingdales, Goathland, Lockton and Allerston.[21] A letter G is carved on the north side, and a letter C on the south side; both annotating parish markers.[6] The war memorial in Goathland village, some 5 miles (8 km) to the west, is a replica of the Lilla Cross.[22][23]
References[edit]
- ^ Raistrick 1966, p. 43.
- ^ "Lilla Cross, Lilla Howe :: Survey of English Place-Names". epns.nottingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ a b Walker 1988, p. 17.
- ^ Raistrick 1966, p. 89.
- ^ Beadle, Brian (7 July 2005). "Fishy tale of murder at the inn with a smuggling past". infoweb.newsbank.com. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ a b Historic England. "Lilla Cross on Lilla Howe, Fylingdales Moor (1010076)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ Foster, Mark (25 April 2015). "Cash call to help save the Lyke Wake Walk". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ Ross, Peter (20 September 2018). "Sole searching: the Lyke Wake Walk, North York Moors". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ Peach, Howard (2003). Curious tales of old North Yorkshire. Wilmslow: Sigma Leisure. p. 38. ISBN 1850587930.
- ^ Raistrick 1966, p. 88.
- ^ Walker 1988, pp. 16–17.
- ^ "Lilla Howe". www.heritagegateway.org.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Boundary Stones | North York Moors National Park Trust". northyorkmoorstrust.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Morrison, John (2011). North York Moors (2 ed.). Basingstoke: AA. p. 190. ISBN 978-0749568856.
- ^ Elliot 2018, p. 111.
- ^ Watkin, Jeffrey; Mann, Faith (2008). "Some Late Saxon finds from Lilla Howe, N Yorks and their context". Medieval Archaeology. 25: 156. doi:10.5284/1071660.
- ^ Elliot 2018, p. 112.
- ^ Boyes, Malcolm (1992). North York moors. London: New Orchard. p. 123. ISBN 1872226574.
- ^ Jupp, Sarah (2006). "Managing Heather Moorland at Fylingdales". Sanctuary : the Ministry of Defence conservation magazine. No. 35. Warminster: MoD. p. 13. ISSN 2050-7356.
- ^ Carstairs, Ian (1987). The North York Moors National Park. Exeter: Webb & Bower. p. 39. ISBN 0863501400.
- ^ GCA 2017, p. 12.
- ^ GCA 2017, p. 44.
- ^ Historic England. "Goathland War Memorial (Grade II) (1476952)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
Sources[edit]
- Elliot, Albert (2018). "33: 1955 Lilla Cross on Fylingdales Moor". The History Tree; Moments in a Lifetime of a Memorable Tree. Danby: North Yorkshire Moors Association. ISBN 9780956577955.
- Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Plan Goathland (PDF). northyorkmoors.org.uk (Report). November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- Raistrick, Arthur (1966). North York Moors;. London: H.M.S.O. ISBN 0117004855.
- Walker, Peter N. (1988). Murders and mysteries from the North York Moors. London: Hale. ISBN 0709035101.