List of people assassinated by the People's Mujahedin of Iran
The following is a list of notable people assassinated by the People's Mujahedin of Iran.
Islamic Republic targets[edit]
Heads of government branches[edit]
- Mohammad-Ali Rajai (30 August 1981)[1] – President of Iran
- Mohammad-Javad Bahonar (30 August 1981)[1] – Prime Minister of Iran
Members of Parliament[edit]
- Reza Kamyab (28 July 1981)[1] – Mashhad
- Mojtaba Ozbaki (23 December 1981)[2] – Shahrekord
- Mohammad-Taqi Besharat (28 December 1981)[3] – Semirom
- Mojtaba Esteki (21 January 1982)[4] – MP
Military and police officers[edit]
- Brigadier General Saeed Taheri (13 August 1972)[5] – Chief of Police of Tehran
- Brigadier General Reza Zandipoor (29 March 1975)[6] – Chief of Anti-sabotage Joint Committee Prison
- Seyyed Naser Mohsenpur (24 August 1981)[7] – Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps servicemen
- General Zandipour (March 1975)[8] – a warden assassinated at the Anti-sabotage Joint Committee prison[9]
Other officials[edit]
- Iranian employee at Embassy of the United States, Tehran (3 July 1975) [9]
- Majid Sharif Vaghefi (5 May 1975) – Part of a purge, central cadre member, he was shot dead by fellow MEK members and his body was burnt in order not to be identified.[8]
- Malek Boroujerdi (23 December 1978)[10] – Iranian Oilfield Services Company (IOSC) employee
- Mohammad-Ali Ansari (6 July 1981)[11] – Governor of Gilan Province
- Ali Qoddousi (5 September 1981)[12] – Military prosecutor-general
- Mir Asadollah Madani (11 September 1981)[13] – Supreme leader's representative in East Azerbaijan Province
- Hassan Ayat (5 August 1981) - Iranian politician, member of Parliament of Iran in first assembly after the Iranian Revolution, member of Assembly of Experts for Constitution[14]
- Abdol Hossein Dastgheib (11 December 1981)[15] – Supreme leader's representative in Fars Province, he and several others killed in a suicide attack in Shiraz during Friday prayers
- Gholamali Jaaffarzadeh (23 December 1981)[2] – Governor of Mashhad County
- Mohammad-Salim Hosni (14 March 1982)[16] – Reconstruction Crusade official
- Ali-Mohammad Sadduqi (2 July 1982)[17] – Supreme leader's representative in Yazd Province
- Assassination of a senior cleric in Tehran [9] (26 February 1982)
- Ata'ollah Ashrafi Esfahani (15 October 1982)[18] – Supreme leader's representative in Kermanshah Province
- Hussein Ghane-Ghole (6 January 1987)[19] – Warden of Mashhad prison
- Jamshid Ghare-Sarvari (13 February 1987)[20] – Warden of Ahvaz prison
- Asadollah Lajevardi (23 August 1998)[21] – Former warden of Evin Prison
- A senior cleric (June 1998) assassinated in Najaf, Iraq [9]
- A senior IRGC commander (1 May 2000) assassinated in Tehran [9]
Lebanese citizens[edit]
- Musa Shaib (28 July 1980)[22] – A leading member of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party in Lebanon by using automatic firearm
Turkish citizens[edit]
- Çağlar Yücel (12 December 1993)[23] – A diplomat at the embassy of Turkey in Iraq
Attempted Islamic Republic targets[edit]
Heads of government branches[edit]
- Ali Khamenei (15 March 1985)[24] – President of Iran
- Mohammad Khatami (5 February 2000)[25] – President of Iran
Members of Parliament[edit]
- Habibollah Asgaroladi (20 July 1981)[26] – Tehran
- Hadi Khamenei (11 February 1987)[27] – Mashhad
Military and police officers[edit]
- Brigadier General Mohsen Rafighdoost (14 September 1998)[28] – Head of Mostazafan Foundation
- Major General Yahya Rahim Safavi (13 March 2000)[29] – Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
- Brigadier General Mohammad Baqer Ghalibaf (7 January 2001)[30] – Chief of Police of Iran
Other officials[edit]
- Ahmad Khomeini (15 June 1982)[31] – Eldest son of the Supreme leader
- Mohammad Va'ez Abaee-Khorasani (22 April 1994)[32] – Member of the Assembly of Experts from Khorasan Province
- Mohammed Raisi (6 July 1997)[33] – Diplomat at Iranian Embassy in Madrid, Spain
- Ali Razini (5 January 1999)[34] – Head of Tehran's judiciary
Attempted American targets[edit]
- Brigadier General Harold Price (May 1972)[35]
Islamic Republic of Iran assassinations allegations against the MEK[edit]
- Seyyed Hasan Beheshti (23 July 1981)[36] – Islamic Republican Party's candidate for the parliamentary elections
- Mousa Kalantari (28 June 1981)[37] – Minister of Housing
- Abdulkarim Hasheminejad (29 September 1981)[38] – Mashhad
- Major General Ali Sayyad Shirazi (10 April 1999)[39] – Deputy Chief of the General Staff of Iranian Armed Forces
- Mohammad Kachui (29 June 1981)[40] – Warden of Evin Prison
- Mahmoud Ghandi (28 June 1981)[37] – Minister of Post, Telegraph and Telephone
- Hassan Abbaspour (28 June 1981)[37] – Minister of Energy
- Mohammad-Ali Fayyazbakhsh (28 June 1981)[37] – Minister without portfolio
- Colonel Houshang Vahid-Dastjerdi (5 September 1981)[12] – Chief of Police of Iran
- Mohammad Montazeri (28 June 1981)[1] – Najafabad
- Mohammad Chavoushi (8 March 1982)[16] – Chief of the political and ideological office of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy
Disputed Assassinations[edit]
- Gholam-Hussein Haghani (28 June 1981)[1] – Bandar Abbas[41][42]
- Fakhreddin Rahimi (28 June 1981)[1] – Malavi
- Abbas-Ali Nateq-Nouri (28 June 1981)[1] – Nour
- Mohammad Beheshti (28 June 1981)[41][42][37][43][44][45][46] – Chief Justice of Iran
- Paul E. Grimm (killed 23 December 1978)[10] – Iranian Oilfield Services Company (IOSC) employee
- On 28 June 1981, a bomb detonated at the Islamic Republican Party headquarters in Tehran killed 73, including the party's secretary-general, 4 cabinet ministers, 10 vice ministers and 27 members of the Parliament of Iran. See Hafte Tir bombing[47][48]
- Lieutenant colonel Lewis L. Hawkins (2 June 1973)[49][50][51][52] – United States Army military adviser in Iran (the Washington Post reported that the leader of the group, Vahid Afrakhteh, one of the founders of Peykar, stated that he personally killed col. Lewis Lee Hawkins in Tehran in 1973.[p.A9]).[53]
- Colonel Paul R. Shaffer (21 May 1975)[49] – United States Air Force military adviser in Iran.[54][55][56][57]
- Lieutenant colonel Jack H. Turner (21 May 1975)[49] – United States Air Force military adviser in Iran
- Robert R. Krongrad, William C. Cottrell, Jr., Donald G. Smith (28 August 1976)[49][9] – they assassinated by four gunmen on their way to Doshan Tappeh Air Base to work on Project IBEX.[49]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g James A. Bill (Winter 1982), "Power and Religion in Revolutionary Iran", Middle East Journal, 36 (1), TABLE 1: Shi'a Ulema in First Islamic Majlis of Iran, 1980-81, JSTOR 4326354
- ^ a b "2 of Ayatollah's Backers Slain". AP. The New York Times. 30 September 1981. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ "Opponents of Aytatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's regime assassinated one of his most trusted deputies", United Press International, 28 December 1981, archived from the original on 5 August 2018, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ Baktiari, Bahman (1996). Parliamentary Politics in Revolutionary Iran: The Institutionalization of Factional Politics. University Press of Florida. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-8130-1461-6.
- ^ David R. Collier (2017), Democracy and the Nature of American Influence in Iran, 1941-1979, Syracuse University Press, ISBN 978-0-8156-5397-4
- ^ "General Assassinated Yesterday", Translations on Near East and North Africa, Joint Publications Research Service, 1975, p. 73
- ^ "Global Terrorism Database [Data file]", National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), 1981-08-24, 198108240004, archived from the original on 2018-08-30, retrieved 2018-08-29
- ^ a b Mohsen Kazemi, ed. (30 October 2013). "Ahmad Ahmad Memoirs (54)". Oral History Weekly (137). Translated by Mohammad Karimi. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
Soureh Mehr Publishing Company (Original Text in Persian, 2000)
- ^ a b c d e f Goulka, Jeremiah; Hansell, Lydia; Wilke, Elizabeth; Larson, Judith (2009). The Mujahedin-e Khalq in Iraq: a policy conundrum (PDF). RAND Corporation. ISBN 978-0-8330-4701-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-22. Retrieved 2018-11-19.
- ^ a b Branigin, William (31 December 1978), "Shah's Effort to Form New Cabinet Falters", The Washington Post, archived from the original on 25 January 2019, retrieved 1 August 2018
- ^ "Iranian provincial governor assassinated", United Press International, 6 July 1981, archived from the original on 10 August 2018, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ a b "Iran's military prosecutor-general Ali Qoddousi was fatally wounded today", United Press International, 5 September 1981, archived from the original on 7 July 2018, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ "Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's personal representative in the city of Tabriz was assassinated Friday in a suicide attack", United Press International, 11 September 1981, archived from the original on 5 August 2018, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ McGirk, Tim (11 August 1981), "Why the Shah's pilot flew Bani-Sadr to Paris", The Christian Science Monitor, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ "A bomb blast killed one of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's key aides and 11 other", United Press International, 11 December 1981, archived from the original on 4 August 2018, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ a b "Gunmen kill Iranian religious(sic)leader", United Press International, 14 March 1982, archived from the original on 4 August 2018, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ Abrahamian, Ervand (1989). Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin. I.B. Tauris. p. 222. ISBN 1-85043-077-2.
- ^ "One of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's close aides was assassinated", United Press International, 15 October 1982, archived from the original on 4 August 2018, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ "Prison claim", The Independent, 7 January 1987
- ^ Iranian dissidents kill prison officer, The Washington Times, 17 February 1987
- ^ Barry Rubin; Judith Colp Rubin (2015). Chronologies of Modern Terrorism. Routledge. p. 274. ISBN 978-1-317-47465-4.
- ^ "Global Terrorism Database [Data file]", National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), 1980-07-28, 198007280006, archived from the original on 2018-08-30, retrieved 2018-08-29
- ^ "Killers of Turkish diplomat apologise", Independent, 13 December 1993, archived from the original on 4 August 2018, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ "Global Terrorism Database [Data file]", National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), 1985-03-15, 198503150002, archived from the original on 2018-08-30, retrieved 2018-08-29
- ^ "Khatami survives mortar attack". BBC. 5 February 2000. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ Hiro, Dilip (2013). Iran Under the Ayatollahs (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-135-04381-0.
- ^ Guerillas in Iran injure leader's kin, The Boston Globe, 16 February 1987
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|agency=ignored (help) - ^ Alaolmolki, Nozar (2001). Life After the Soviet Union: The Newly Independent Republics of the Transcaucasus and Central Asia. SUNY Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-7914-5138-0.
- ^ "Global Terrorism Database [Data file]", National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), 2000-03-13, 200003130001, archived from the original on 2018-08-30, retrieved 2018-08-29
- ^ "Explosions rock Tehran". BBC. 7 January 2001. Archived from the original on 18 July 2001. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ "Global Terrorism Database [Data file]", National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), 1982-06-15, 198206150002, archived from the original on 2018-08-30, retrieved 2018-08-29
- ^ "Global Terrorism Database [Data file]", National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), 1994-04-22, 199404220012, archived from the original on 2018-08-30, retrieved 2018-08-29
- ^ "Global Terrorism Database [Data file]", National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), 1987-07-06, 198707060010, archived from the original on 2018-08-30, retrieved 2018-08-29
- ^ "Grenade attack against Iran judge". BBC. 5 January 1999. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ Gibson, Bryan R. (2016), Sold Out? US Foreign Policy, Iraq, the Kurds, and the Cold War, Facts on File Crime Library, Springer, p. 136, ISBN 978-1-137-51715-9
- ^ "Around the World; Iran Leftists Assassinate Candidate for Parliament", The New York Times, 23 July 1981, archived from the original on 4 August 2018, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ a b c d e "33 High Iranian Officials Die in Bombing at Party Meeting; Chief Judge is among Victims", The New York Times, Reuters, 29 June 1981, archived from the original on 19 June 2018, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ "A New Slaying, More Executions in Iran". The New York Times. Reuters. 30 September 1981. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ "Iranian General Is Assassinated in Teheran", The New York Times, Reuters, 11 April 1999, archived from the original on 17 July 2019, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ "Beheshti Funeral Draws Big", The New York Times, Reuters, 30 June 1981, archived from the original on 7 July 2018, retrieved 1 June 2018
- ^ a b Abrahamian, Ervand (1989). Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin. I.B. Tauris. pp. 219–220. ISBN 978-1-85043-077-3.
- ^ a b Lincoln P. Bloomfield Jr. (2013). Mujahedin-E Khalq (MEK) Shackled by a Twisted History. University of Baltimore College of Public Affairs. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-615-78384-0.
- ^ Mousavian, Seyed Hossein; Shahidsaless, Shahir (19 June 2014). Iran and the United States: An Insider's View on the Failed Past and the Road to Peace. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-5013-1206-9. Archived from the original on 2018-11-18. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
- ^ O'Hern, Steven K. (2012). Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat that Grows While America Sleeps. Potomac Books. ISBN 978-1-59797-701-2. Archived from the original on 2018-11-18. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
- ^ Rubin, Barry; Rubin, Judith Colp (28 January 2015). Chronologies of Modern Terrorism. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7656-2047-7. Archived from the original on 2018-11-18. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
- ^ Qasemi, Hamid Reza (2016), "Chapter 12: Iran and Its Policy Against Terrorism", in Alexander R. Dawoody (ed.), Eradicating Terrorism from the Middle East, Policy and Administrative Approaches, vol. 17, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, p. 201, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31018-3, ISBN 978-3-319-31018-3
- ^ Barry Rubin; Judith Colp Rubin (2015), Chronologies of Modern Terrorism, Routledge, p. 246
- ^ a b c d e Monica L. Belmonte; Edward Coltrin Keefer (2013). Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, V. XXVII, Iran, Iraq, 1973–1976. Government Printing Office. p. 560. ISBN 978-0-16-090256-7.
- ^ Cordesman, Anthony H.; Khazai, Sam (4 June 2014). Iraq in Crisis. Center for Strategic & International Studies. ISBN 978-1-4422-2855-9.
- ^ Javadzadeh, Abdy. Iranian Irony: Marxists Becoming Muslims. RoseDog Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-4349-8292-6.
- ^ Benliot, Albert V. (2001). Iran: Outlaw, Outcast Or Normal Country?. Nova Science Pub Inc; UK ed. edition. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-56072-954-9.
- ^ Lincoln P. Bloomfield Jr. (2013). Mujahedin-E Khalq (MEK) Shackled by a Twisted History. University of Baltimore College of Public Affairs. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-615-78384-0.
- ^ "Iranian exile group removed from U.S. terror list". CNN. 2012-09-28.
- ^ Combs, Cindy C.; Slann, Martin W. (2009). Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-1019-6. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ^ "Chapter 8 -- Foreign Terrorist Organizations". U.S. Department of State.
- ^ Tanter, Raymond (August 8, 2009). "Memo to Obama: They Are Not Terrorists". The Daily Beast – via www.thedailybeast.com.
