Livonia (Saeima constituency)

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Vidzeme
Constituency
for the Saeima
Outline map
Location of Vidzeme within Latvia
Municipality
List
RegionVidzeme
Population520,588 (2022)[1]
Electorate396,278 (2022)
Area22,942 km2 (2023)[2]
Current constituency
Created1922
Seats
List
  • 26 (2022–present)
  • 25 (2018–2022)
  • 26 (2014–2018)
  • 27 (2010–2014)
  • 26 (2002–2010)
  • 25 (1995–2002)
  • 26 (1993–1995)
  • 23 (1931–1934)
  • 24 (1928–1931)
  • 23 (1925–1928)
  • 26 (1922–1925)
Deputies[3]
List

Vidzeme is one of the five multi-member constituencies of the Saeima, the national legislature of Latvia. The constituency was established in 1922 when the Saeima was established following Latvia's independence from the Soviet Union. It consists of the city of Jūrmala and municipalities of Ādaži, Alūksne, Cēsis, Gulbene, Ķekava, Limbaži, Madona, Mārupe, Ogre, Olaine, Ropaži, Salaspils, Saulkrasti, Sigulda, Smiltene, Valka, Valmiera and Varakļāni. The constituency currently elects 26 of the 100 members of the Saeima using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2022 parliamentary election it had 396,278 registered electors.

Electoral system[edit]

Livonia currently elects 26 of the 100 members of the Saeima using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[4][5] Constituency seats are allocated using the Sainte-Laguë method.[6][7] Only parties that reach the 5% national threshold compete for constituency seats (4% in 1993).[8][9][10]

Election results[edit]

Summary[edit]

Election SKG
SKG / LSDSP / ATBILDĪBA / LSDA		 Harmony
SDPS / SC / TSP / SL		 Development/For!
AP! / LA		 Greens & Farmers
ZZS / LZS		 New Unity
JV / V / JL		 Latvia First
Latvian Way
LPP/LC / LC		 Conservatives
K / JKP		 Russian Union
РСЛ / ЗаПЧЕЛ / P		 Good Latvia
PL / TP		 National Alliance
NA / TB/LNNK / TB
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
2022 6,237 2.41% 0 19,432 7.51% 0 31,711 12.26% 4 61,485 23.77% 8 9,229 3.57% 0 5,173 2.00% 0 29,861 11.54% 4
2018 506 0.21% 0 26,146 11.00% 3 33,651 14.16% 4 27,448 11.55% 3 16,940 7.13% 2 38,893 16.36% 5 3,061 1.29% 0 31,466 13.24% 4
2014 31,413 12.50% 3 3,104 1.24% 0 54,699 21.77% 6 65,359 26.02% 7 1,680 0.67% 0 1,791 0.71% 0 51,261 20.40% 6
2011 649 0.25% 0 42,772 16.42% 5 31,588 12.13% 3 63,116 24.23% 7 5,216 2.00% 0 990 0.38% 0 45,613 17.51% 5
2010 1,742 0.66% 0 38,873 14.68% 4 58,909 22.24% 6 110,194 41.60% 12 2,347 0.89% 0 16,696 6.30% 2 26,349 9.95% 3
2006 8,448 3.43% 0 15,762 6.40% 2 44,580 18.09% 5 51,189 20.77% 6 18,098 7.34% 2 8,408 3.41% 1 61,769 25.07% 8 19,628 7.97% 2
2002 10,029 3.78% 0 30,957 11.67% 4 73,599 27.75% 8 14,051 5.30% 0 22,889 8.63% 3 57,104 21.53% 6 15,170 5.72% 2
1998 36,098 13.92% 4 12,844 4.95% 1 8,174 3.15% 0 53,288 20.54% 6 65,292 25.17% 7 40,407 15.58% 5
1995 12,572 4.84% 0 6,547 2.52% 1 3,927 1.51% 0 41,530 15.98% 4 32,941 12.67% 4
1993 1,998 0.67% 0 22,985 7.70% 2 35,902 12.03% 3 110,002 36.87% 11 8,068 2.70% 1 16,327 5.47% 2
1931 53,883 24.69% 6 53,256 24.40% 6
1928 68,022 32.45% 8 63,011 30.06% 7
1925 60,081 33.53% 8 55,640 31.05% 7
1922 76,757 39.99% 11 60,491 31.51% 8

Detailed[edit]

  Party has received at least 5% of the vote nationally and is entitled to compete for constituency seats (4% in 1993).

2020s[edit]

2022[edit]

Results of the 2022 parliamentary election held on 1 October 2022:[11]

Party Votes % Seats
New Unity JV 61,485 23.77% 8
United List AS 33,078 12.79% 5
Union of Greens and Farmers ZZS 31,711 12.26% 4
National Alliance NA 29,861 11.54% 4
Development/For! AP 19,432 7.51% 0
The Progressives PRO 15,591 6.03% 2
Latvia First LPV 13,473 5.21% 2
The Conservatives K 9,229 3.57% 0
For Each and Every One KuK 8,190 3.17% 0
For Stability! S! 7,978 3.08% 1
Social Democratic Party "Harmony" SDPS 6,237 2.41% 0
Sovereign Power SV 5,528 2.14% 0
Latvian Russian Union РСЛ 5,173 2.00% 0
Republic R 4,866 1.88% 0
People's Servants for Latvia TKL 2,758 1.07% 0
Force of People's Power TVS 2,009 0.78% 0
Union for Latvia AL 1,205 0.47% 0
United for Latvia VL 513 0.20% 0
Progressive Christian Party KPP 393 0.15% 0
Valid Votes 258,710 100.00% 26
Rejected Votes 3,427 1.31%
Valid Envelopes 262,137 99.83%
Rejected Envelopes 435 0.17%
Total Polled 262,572 66.26%
Registered Electors 396,278

The following candidates were elected:[12] Hosams Abu Meri (JV), 63,414 votes; Česlavs Batņa (AS), 33,748 votes; Raimonds Bergmanis (AS), 41,201 votes; Kaspars Briškens (PRO), 20,008 votes; Andrejs Ceļapīters (JV), 61,967 votes; Raimonds Čudars (JV), 61,990 votes; Jānis Dombrava (NA), 34,045 votes; Raivis Dzintars (NA), 37,947 votes; Jānis Grasbergs (NA), 31,188 votes; Glorija Grevcova (S!), 10,610 votes; Juris Jakovins (ZZS), 32,845 votes; Krišjānis Kariņš (JV), 94,158 votes; Armands Krauze (ZZS), 35,822 votes; Ainars Latkovskis (JV), 69,100 votes; Linda Liepiņa (LPV), 15,486 votes; Daiga Mieriņa (ZZS), 32,771 votes; Uģis Mitrevics (NA), 36,428 votes; Harijs Rokpelnis (ZZS), 32,757 votes; Evika Siliņa (JV), 63,840 votes; Jana Simanovska (PRO), 16,764 votes; Jānis Skrastiņš (JV), 61,808 votes; Ričards Šlesers (LPV), 16,077 votes; Edvards Smiltēns (AS), 38,554 votes; Māris Sprindžuks (AS), 36,142 votes; Aiva Vīksna (AS), 33,599 votes; and Agita Zariņa-Stūre (JV), 60,947 votes.

2010s[edit]

2018[edit]

Results of the 2018 parliamentary election held on 6 October 2018:[13]

Party Votes % Seats
New Conservative Party JKP 38,893 16.36% 5
Who Owns the State? KPV LV 34,341 14.45% 4
Development/For! AP 33,651 14.16% 4
National Alliance NA 31,466 13.24% 4
Union of Greens and Farmers ZZS 27,448 11.55% 3
Social Democratic Party "Harmony" SDPS 26,146 11.00% 3
New Unity JV 16,940 7.13% 2
Latvian Association of Regions LRA 14,458 6.08% 0
The Progressives PRO 6,239 2.63% 0
Latvian Russian Union РСЛ 3,061 1.29% 0
For Latvia from the Heart NSL 1,844 0.78% 0
Latvian Nationalists LN 1,387 0.58% 0
For an Alternative PA 787 0.33% 0
SKG Alliance SKG 506 0.21% 0
Action Party RP 297 0.12% 0
Latvian Centrist Party LCP 211 0.09% 0
Valid Votes 237,675 100.00% 25
Rejected Votes 1,292 0.54%
Valid Envelopes 238,967 99.91%
Rejected Envelopes 207 0.09%
Total Polled 239,174 60.98%
Registered Electors 392,219

The following candidates were elected:[14] Jānis Ādamsons (SDPS), 30,044 votes; Dagmāra Beitnere-Le Galla (JKP), 41,881 votes; Raimonds Bergmanis (ZZS), 35,225 votes; Aldis Blumbergs (KPV LV), 36,896 votes; Jānis Bordāns (JKP), 58,169 votes; Sergey Dolgopolov (SDPS), 31,863 votes; Jānis Dombrava (NA), 37,245 votes; Raivis Dzintars (NA), 44,654 votes; Inese Ikstena (AP), 34,354 votes; Ieva Krapāne (KPV LV), 36,442 votes; Armands Krauze (ZZS), 28,651 votes; Māris Kučinskis (ZZS), 37,227 votes; Ainars Latkovskis (JV), 19,927 votes; Inese Lībiņa-Egnere (JV), 20,292 votes; Linda Liepiņa (KPV LV), 44,662 votes; Anita Muižniece (JKP), 39,827 votes; Ināra Mūrniece (NA), 39,553 votes; Romāns Naudiņš (NA), 32,226 votes; Artis Pabriks (AP), 46,108 votes; Evija Papule (SDPS), 28,537 votes; Dace Rukšāne-Ščipčinska (AP), 34,080 votes; Andris Skride (AP), 37,355 votes; Karina Sprūde (KPV LV), 36,452 votes; Evita Zālīte-Grosa (JKP), 42,208 votes; and Normunds Žunna (JKP), 39,487 votes.

2014[edit]

Results of the 2014 parliamentary election held on 4 October 2014:[15]

Party Votes % Seats
Unity V 65,359 26.02% 7
Union of Greens and Farmers ZZS 54,699 21.77% 6
National Alliance NA 51,261 20.40% 6
Social Democratic Party "Harmony" SDPS 31,413 12.50% 3
Latvian Association of Regions LRA 19,069 7.59% 2
For Latvia from the Heart NSL 18,362 7.31% 2
For Latvia's Development LA 3,104 1.24% 0
United for Latvia VL 2,962 1.18% 0
Latvian Russian Union РСЛ 1,791 0.71% 0
New Conservative Party JKP 1,680 0.67% 0
Izaugsme 693 0.28% 0
Freedom. Free from Fear, Hate and Anger 567 0.23% 0
Sovereignty 260 0.10% 0
Valid Votes 251,220 100.00% 26
Rejected Votes 1,590 0.63%
Valid Envelopes 252,810 99.90%
Rejected Envelopes 245 0.10%
Total Polled 253,055 62.97%
Registered Electors 401,864

The following candidates were elected:[16] Jānis Ādamsons (SDPS), 35,892 votes; Inesis Boķis (V), 69,489 votes; Mārtiņš Bondars (LRA), 28,309 votes; Sergey Dolgopolov (SDPS), 39,399 votes; Jānis Dombrava (NA), 60,161 votes; Jānis Dūklavs (ZZS), 70,369 vots; Raivis Dzintars (NA), 75,742 votes; Vilnis Ķirsis (V), 65,544 votes; Rihards Kols (NA), 52,749 votes; Armands Krauze (ZZS), 56,360 votes; Kārlis Krēsliņš (NA), 53,297 votes; Gunārs Kūtris (NSL), 24,651 votes; Ainars Latkovskis (V), 71,873 votes; Ingmārs Līdaka (ZZS), 64,928 votes; Ainārs Mežulis (ZZS), 54,571 votes; Ināra Mūrniece (NA), 56,130 votes; Romāns Naudiņš (NA), 54,980 votes; Arvīds Platpers (NSL), 19,626 votes; Artis Rasmanis (ZZS), 55,077 votes; Romualds Ražuks (V), 65,393 votes; Jānis Ruks (LRA), 18,392 votes; Kārlis Šadurskis (V), 67,135 votes; Andris Siliņš (ZZS), 55,624 votes; Laimdota Straujuma (V), 83,124 votes; Jānis Upenieks (V), 67,205 votes; and Ivars Zariņš (SDPS), 34,113 votes.

2011[edit]

Results of the 2011 parliamentary election held on 17 September 2011:[17]

Party Votes % Seats
Zatlers' Reform Party ZRP 67,051 25.74% 7
Unity V 63,116 24.23% 7
National Alliance NA 45,613 17.51% 5
Harmony Centre SC 42,772 16.42% 5
Union of Greens and Farmers ZZS 31,588 12.13% 3
Latvia's First Party/Latvian Way LPP/LC 5,216 2.00% 0
Last Party PP 1,473 0.57% 0
For Human Rights in a United Latvia ЗаПЧЕЛ 990 0.38% 0
For a Presidential Republic PPR 788 0.30% 0
People's Control TK 757 0.29% 0
Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party LSDSP 649 0.25% 0
Christian Democratic Union KDS 493 0.19% 0
Freedom. Free from Fear, Hate and Anger 0 0.00% 0
Valid Votes 260,506 100.00% 27
Rejected Votes 2,339 0.89%
Valid Envelopes 262,845 99.88%
Rejected Envelopes 306 0.12%
Total Polled 263,151 64.33%
Registered Electors 409,085

The following candidates were elected:[18] Dzintars Ābiķis (V), 63,734 votes; Jānis Ādamsons (SC), 50,578 votes; Guntars Bilsēns (ZRP), 69,486 votes; Ilma Čepāne (V), 77,215 votes; Sergey Dolgopolov (SC), 54,957 votes; Jānis Dombrava (NA), 53,776 votes; Valdis Dombrovskis (V), 107,581 votes; Ina Druviete (V), 67,484 votes; Jānis Dūklavs (ZRP), 39,893 votes; Raivis Dzintars (NA), 72,036 votes; Iveta Grigule (ZZS), 33,330 votes; Viktors Jakovļevs (SC), 45,622 votes; Zanda Kalniņa-Lukaševica (ZRP), 69,844 votes; Ivans Klementjevs (SC), 50,015 votes; Kārlis Krēsliņš (NA), 47,861 votes; Ainars Latkovskis (V), 69,625 votes; Ingmārs Līdaka (ZZS), 38,885 votes; Ināra Mūrniece (NA), 49,079 votes; Romāns Naudiņš (NA), 47,921 votes; Artis Pabriks (V), 77,999 votes; Romualds Ražuks (ZRP), 71,744 votes; Gunārs Rusiņš (ZRP), 70,874 votes; Aleksandrs Sakovskis (SC), 45,246 votes; Elīna Siliņa (ZRP), 70,032 votes; Edvards Smiltēns (V), 63,728 votes; Jānis Upenieks (ZRP), 69,669 votes; and Valdis Zatlers (ZRP), 103,139 votes.

2010[edit]

Results of the 2010 parliamentary election held on 2 October 2010:[19]

Party Votes % Seats
Unity V 110,194 41.60% 12
Union of Greens and Farmers ZZS 58,909 22.24% 6
Harmony Centre SC 38,873 14.68% 4
National Alliance NA 26,349 9.95% 3
For a Good Latvia PL 16,696 6.30% 2
Made in Latvia RL 2,609 0.99% 0
Last Party PP 2,603 0.98% 0
For Human Rights in a United Latvia ЗаПЧЕЛ 2,347 0.89% 0
For a Presidential Republic PPR 2,171 0.82% 0
Responsibility – Social Democratic Alliance of Political Parties ATBILDĪBA 1,742 0.66% 0
People's Control TK 1,097 0.41% 0
Christian Democratic Union KDS 830 0.31% 0
Daugava – For Latvia ZRP 443 0.17% 0
Valid Votes 264,863 100.00% 27
Rejected Votes 6,366 2.35%
Valid Envelopes 271,229 99.88%
Rejected Envelopes 328 0.12%
Total Polled 271,557 66.72%
Registered Electors 407,001

The following candidates were elected:[20] Dzintars Ābiķis (V), 109,241 votes; Jānis Ādamsons (SC), 45,059 votes; Arvils Ašeradens (V), 108,101 votes; Andris Bērziņš (ZZS), 58,339 votes; Ingmārs Čaklais (V), 106,899 votes; Ilma Čepāne (V), 129,137 votes; Jānis Dombrava (NA), 27,073 votes; Valdis Dombrovskis (V), 186,035 votes; Ina Druviete (V), 114,118 votes; Jānis Dūklavs (ZZS), 70,037 votes; Raivis Dzintars (NA), 41,653 votes; Guntars Galvanovskis (V), 107,578 votes; Iveta Grigule (ZZS), 59,639 votes; Dzintra Hirša (V), 107,293 votes; Ivans Klementjevs (SC), 46,549 votes; Armands Krauze (ZZS), 57,903 votes; Māris Kučinskis (PL), 17,660 votes; Visvaldis Lācis (NA), 30,432 votes; Ainars Latkovskis (V), 115,054 votes; Ingmārs Līdaka (ZZS), 72,858 votes; Artis Pabriks (V), 133,131 votes; Aleksandrs Sakovskis (SC), 40,750 votes; Juris Silovs (SC), 41,035 votes; Edvards Smiltēns (V), 109,389 votes; Vitauts Staņa (ZZS), 57,845 votes; Guntis Ulmanis (PL), 17,835 votes; and Andris Vilks (V), 110,669 votes.

2000s[edit]

2006[edit]

Results of the 2006 parliamentary election held on 7 October 2006:[21]

Party Votes per district Total
Votes		 % Seats
Alūks
-ne		 Cēsis Gul
-bene		 Jūr
-mala
City		 Lim
-baži		 Madona Ogre Riga Valka Val
-miera
People's Party TP 3,124 7,931 3,193 3,411 4,723 5,663 6,247 14,099 4,918 8,460 61,769 25.07% 8
New Era Party JL 2,041 5,551 1,544 4,015 3,934 4,761 6,579 15,052 2,664 5,048 51,189 20.77% 6
Union of Greens and Farmers ZZS 2,372 5,749 2,731 2,601 3,970 3,874 5,158 10,033 3,004 5,088 44,580 18.09% 5
For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK TB/LNNK 638 1,875 722 1,963 1,290 1,330 2,349 6,253 953 2,255 19,628 7.97% 2
Latvia's First Party/Latvian Way LPP/LC 697 1,626 853 1,646 1,245 938 2,469 6,113 875 1,636 18,098 7.34% 2
Harmony Centre SC 338 609 321 3,679 346 449 1,734 7,163 448 675 15,762 6.40% 2
Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party LSDSP 542 812 472 654 644 862 870 1,987 563 1,042 8,448 3.43% 0
For Human Rights in a United Latvia ЗаПЧЕЛ 196 395 249 2,138 169 292 832 3,358 276 503 8,408 3.41% 1
All for Latvia! 218 570 205 350 337 452 612 1,512 273 510 5,039 2.05% 0
New Democrats NJD 176 461 140 181 309 232 413 1,178 296 391 3,777 1.53% 0
Motherland 39 100 40 575 65 49 332 1,705 40 153 3,098 1.26% 0
Pensioners and Seniors Party PSP 102 309 110 149 139 181 451 617 79 190 2,327 0.94% 0
Māra's Land 82 131 56 135 64 121 152 384 60 163 1,348 0.55% 0
Eurosceptics 58 103 22 94 53 94 97 337 43 80 981 0.40% 0
Our Land Party 28 29 18 235 36 44 62 136 22 38 648 0.26% 0
Social Fairness Party STP 19 30 34 32 10 57 60 110 16 36 404 0.16% 0
Fatherland Union TS 19 16 9 30 43 25 31 100 9 42 324 0.13% 0
National Power Union NSS 15 20 9 35 20 15 43 81 17 38 293 0.12% 0
Latvian's Latvia National Political Defence Organisation 13 29 7 19 10 24 55 96 9 20 282 0.11% 0
Valid Votes 10,717 26,346 10,735 21,942 17,407 19,463 28,546 70,314 14,565 26,368 246,403 100.00% 26
Rejected Votes 1,352 0.55%
Valid Envelopes 247,755 99.85%
Rejected Envelopes 377 0.15%
Total Polled 248,132 64.22%
Registered Electors 386,385

The following candidates were elected:[21] Andris Bērziņš (LPP/LC), 19,712 votes; Gundars Bērziņš (TP), 67,621 votes; Helēna Demakova (TP), 69,567 votes; Oļegs Deņisovs (SC), 16,851 votes; Ina Druviete (JL), 61,858 votes; Indulis Emsis (ZZS), 48,012 votes; Ivars Godmanis (LPP/LC), 19,904 votes; Sandra Kalniete (JL), 71,307 votes; Imants Kalniņš (TB/LNNK), 21,165 votes; Aigars Kalvītis (TP), 85,637 votes; Ausma Kantāne-Ziedone (JL), 52,164 votes; Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš (JL), 60,571 votes; Ivans Klementjevs (SC), 16,914 votes; Vents Armands Krauklis (TP), 66,069 votes; Māris Kučinskis (TP), 66,092 votes; Visvaldis Lācis (ZZS), 46,857 votes; Ainars Latkovskis (JL), 55,184 votes; Ingmārs Līdaka (ZZS), 51,070 votes; Artis Pabriks (TP), 71,744 votes; Raimonds Pauls (TP), 68,045 votes; Einars Repše (JL), 56,940 votes; Mārtiņš Roze (ZZS), 49,872 votes; Anna Seile (TB/LNNK), 22,390 votes; Juris Sokolovskis (ЗаПЧЕЛ), 9,202 votes; Aigars Štokenbergs (TP), 66,206 votes; and Raimonds Vējonis (ZZS), 46,922 votes.

2002[edit]

Results of the 2002 parliamentary election held on 5 October 2002:[22]

Party Votes per district Total
Votes		 % Seats
Alūks
-ne		 Cēsis Gul
-bene		 Jūr
-mala
City		 Lim
-baži		 Madona Ogre Riga Valka Val
-miera
New Era Party JL 2,923 8,743 2,082 6,511 6,349 5,285 9,465 21,811 3,516 6,914 73,599 27.75% 8
People's Party TP 3,188 7,200 3,381 2,952 5,046 5,098 5,733 11,271 5,028 8,207 57,104 21.53% 6
Union of Greens and Farmers ZZS 1,866 4,891 2,228 1,261 2,175 3,846 3,052 5,265 2,403 3,969 30,956 11.67% 4
Latvia's First Party LPP 1,174 2,907 1,365 2,081 1,996 2,435 3,788 7,049 1,699 3,386 27,880 10.51% 3
For Human Rights in a United Latvia ЗаПЧЕЛ 849 1,066 738 5,165 597 857 2,845 8,934 675 1,163 22,889 8.63% 3
For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK TB/LNNK 694 1,647 795 1,360 1,106 1,400 1,742 3,652 933 1,841 15,170 5.72% 2
Latvian Way LC 1,252 1,611 856 779 1,205 1,406 1,845 2,768 975 1,355 14,052 5.30% 0
Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party LSDSP 521 945 688 715 712 1,508 1,071 2,107 469 1,293 10,029 3.78% 0
Social Democratic Union SDS 307 514 415 245 305 546 442 888 267 685 4,614 1.74% 0
Social Democratic Welfare Party SDLP 87 123 68 451 58 85 252 902 51 147 2,224 0.84% 0
Political Alliance "Centre" 90 210 138 82 111 128 83 196 137 339 1,514 0.57% 0
Latvians' Party LP 72 135 38 102 95 96 125 356 43 119 1,181 0.45% 0
Russian Party 139 39 41 142 25 66 92 202 30 61 837 0.32% 0
Latvian Revival Party LAP 45 87 39 31 98 134 70 205 40 73 822 0.31% 0
Māra's Land 25 31 12 85 16 41 42 173 25 44 494 0.19% 0
Freedom Party BP 40 35 31 53 28 68 51 111 17 28 462 0.17% 0
Citizens' Union "Our Land" 65 54 19 88 20 30 37 102 16 27 458 0.17% 0
Progressive Centre Party PCP 18 91 47 36 11 23 29 73 50 33 411 0.15% 0
Light of Latgale LG 32 19 26 27 10 53 41 89 11 20 328 0.12% 0
Latvian United Republican Party LARP 12 23 9 22 11 9 16 58 28 28 216 0.08% 0
Valid Votes 13,399 30,371 13,016 22,188 19,974 23,114 30,821 66,212 16,413 29,732 265,240 100.00% 26
Rejected Votes 1,069 0.40%
Valid Envelopes 266,309 99.78%
Rejected Envelopes 592 0.22%
Total Polled 266,901 74.64%
Registered Electors 357,566

The following candidates were elected:[22] Andris Ārgalis (TP), 67,559 votes; Vilnis Edvīns Bresis (ZZS), 34,709 votes; Juris Dalbiņš (TP), 63,030 votes; Oļegs Deņisovs (ЗаПЧЕЛ), 25,013 votes; Indulis Emsis (ZZS), 34,000 votes; Ēriks Jēkabsons (LPP), 36,815 votes; Ausma Kantāne-Ziedone (JL), 79,137 votes; Andis Kāposts (ZZS), 33,988 votes; Oskars Kastēns (LPP), 34,041 votes; Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš (JL), 76,380 votes; Uldis Mārtiņš Klauss (JL), 75,190 votes; Ģirts Valdis Kristovskis (TB/LNNK), 18,823 votes; Alberts Krūmiņš (JL), 75,163 votes; Arnolds Laksa (LPP), 31,036 votes; Ainars Latkovskis (JL), 76,012 votes; Liene Liepiņa (JL), 74,811 votes; Pēteris Ontužāns (JL), 75,883 votes; Raimonds Pauls (TP), 65,661 votes; Mareks Segliņš (TP), 63,658 votes; Viesturs Šiliņš (JL), 74,788 votes; Andris Šķēle (TP), 82,070 votes; Atis Slakteris (TP), 63,833 votes; Igors Solovjovs (ЗаПЧЕЛ), 24,452 votes; Jānis Straume (TB/LNNK), 18,201 votes; Andris Tolmačovs (ЗаПЧЕЛ), 24,634 votes; and Ingrīda Ūdre (ZZS), 37,039 votes.

1990s[edit]

1998[edit]

Results of the 1998 parliamentary election held on 3 October 1998:[23]

Party Votes per district Total
Votes		 % Seats
Alūks
-ne		 Cēsis Gul
-bene		 Jūr
-mala
City		 Lim
-baži		 Madona Ogre Riga Valka Val
-miera
People's Party TP 2,839 7,195 2,461 4,997 5,715 4,770 7,832 15,488 4,993 9,002 65,292 25.17% 7
Latvian Way LC 3,931 6,984 3,524 2,697 5,015 5,321 5,325 10,193 4,251 6,047 53,288 20.54% 6
For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK TB/LNNK 1,342 4,540 1,729 4,289 3,048 3,484 5,107 10,915 1,740 4,213 40,407 15.58% 5
Latvian Social Democratic Alliance LSDA 1,395 3,617 1,892 2,387 2,699 4,514 4,384 8,244 1,768 5,198 36,098 13.92% 4
New Party JP 1,528 2,439 1,583 1,408 1,617 2,100 2,188 4,484 1,223 1,944 20,514 7.91% 2
National Harmony Party TSP 563 443 545 3,105 255 451 1,500 5,160 353 469 12,844 4.95% 1
Latvian Farmers' Union LZS 538 1,859 500 248 517 662 694 1,068 883 1,205 8,174 3.15% 0
Workers' Party, Christian Democratic Union and Latvian Green Party DP–KDS–LZP 551 880 286 413 518 684 781 1,417 396 826 6,752 2.60% 0
People's Movement for Latvia TKL 271 600 365 149 354 553 381 524 338 386 3,921 1.51% 0
Democratic Party "Saimnieks" 310 222 189 244 169 315 339 489 281 348 2,906 1.12% 0
Latvian Unity Party LVP 199 225 123 27 103 183 110 421 73 75 1,539 0.59% 0
Latvian Revival Party LAP 66 216 121 78 116 138 120 391 90 118 1,454 0.56% 0
Social Democratic Women's Organisation SDSO 57 111 68 67 82 126 119 237 76 75 1,018 0.39% 0
National Progress Party NPP 29 24 54 239 42 18 92 466 25 15 1,004 0.39% 0
Māra's Land MZ 45 133 31 96 87 100 87 322 42 23 966 0.37% 0
Popular Movement "Freedom" 79 90 52 121 53 102 75 221 61 63 917 0.35% 0
Latvian National Democratic Party LNDP 64 128 39 62 53 101 108 210 33 97 895 0.35% 0
Helsinki-86 25 55 23 73 40 42 58 149 30 74 569 0.22% 0
Conservative Party KP 17 85 35 50 33 39 74 138 6 33 510 0.20% 0
Democrats' Party DP 20 17 16 19 8 31 29 49 12 29 230 0.09% 0
Latvian National Reform Party LNRP 8 14 5 5 2 7 11 30 4 11 97 0.04% 0
Valid Votes 13,877 29,877 13,641 20,774 20,526 23,741 29,414 60,616 16,678 30,251 259,395 100.00% 25
Rejected Votes 103 141 102 94 72 96 136 271 40 127 1,182 0.45%
Valid Envelopes 13,980 30,018 13,743 20,868 20,598 23,837 29,550 60,887 16,718 30,378 260,577 99.71%
Rejected Envelopes 756 0.29%
Total Polled 261,333 76.55%
Registered Electors 341,394

The following candidates were elected:[23] Dzintars Ābiķis (TP), 71,415 votes; Jānis Ādamsons (LSDA), 47,040 votes; Gundars Bērziņš (TP), 72,163 votes; Valdis Birkavs (LC), 58,478 votes; Gundars Bojārs (LSDA), 45,367 votes; Juris Dalbiņš (TP), 75,830 votes; Ivars Godmanis (LC), 59,680 votes; Anatolijs Gorbunovs (LC), 73,964 votes; Kārlis Greiškalns (TP), 70,259 votes; Oskars Grīgs (TB/LNNK), 43,696 votes; Arnis Kalniņš (LSDA), 37,760 votes; Imants Kalniņš (TB/LNNK), 45,557 votes; Vilis Krištopans (LC), 71,043 votes; Jānis Lagzdiņš (TP), 73,487 votes; Viola Lāzo (LSDA), 37,993 votes; Kristiāna Lībane (LC), 59,626 votes; Vladimirs Makarovs (TB/LNNK), 44,174 votes; Vaira Paegle (TP), 70,303 votes; Andrejs Panteļējevs (LC), 61,591 votes; Raimonds Pauls (JP), 28,935 votes; Aida Prēdele (TB/LNNK), 43,140 votes; Anna Seile (TB/LNNK), 45,421 votes; Andris Šķēle (TP), 96,267 votes; Ainārs Šlesers (JP), 23,008 votes; and Igors Solovjovs (TSP), 14,018 votes.

1995[edit]

Results of the 1995 parliamentary election held on 30 September and 1 October 1995:[24][25]

Party Votes % Seats
Democratic Party "Saimnieks" DPS 43,624 16.78% 5
Latvian Way LC 41,530 15.98% 4
People's Movement for Latvia TKL 41,355 15.91% 4
For Fatherland and Freedom TB 32,941 12.67% 4
Latvian Unity Party LVP 24,337 9.36% 3
Latvian National Conservative Party and Latvian Green Party LNNK-LZP 16,924 6.51% 2
Latvian Farmers' Union, Christian Democratic Union and Latgalian Labour Party LZS-KDS-LDP 14,534 5.59% 2
Labour and Justice Coalition: LDDP, LSDSP and LACAP LDDP-LSDSP-LACAP 12,572 4.84% 0
Political Union of Economists TPA 7,051 2.71% 0
National Harmony Party TSP 6,547 2.52% 1
Socialist Party of Latvia LSP 4,044 1.56% 0
Latvian Farmers' Union LZS 3,927 1.51% 0
Popular Front of Latvia LTF 3,155 1.21% 0
Political Association of the Underprivileged and Latvian Independence Party 2,796 1.08% 0
Party of Russian Citizens in Latvia ПргЛ 1,720 0.66% 0
Citizens Union "Our Land" – Anti-Communist Union 1,469 0.57% 0
Democrats' Party DP 562 0.22% 0
Latvian Liberal Party LLP 477 0.18% 0
Latvian National Democratic Party LNDP 346 0.13% 0
Valid Votes 259,911 100.00% 25

The following candidates were elected:[24] Jānis Ādamsons (LC), 58,506 votes; Andris Ameriks (TSP), 7,045 votes; Raitis Apalups (LVP), 26,370 votes; Valdis Birkavs (LC), 42,968 votes; Ilmārs Bišers (DPS), 48,353 votes; Alfrēds Čepānis (DPS), 54,885 votes; Ziedonis Čevers (DPS), 54,778 votes; Roberts Dilba (LVP), 26,335 votes; Oļģerts Dunkers (TKL), 44,082 votes; Indulis Emsis (LNNK-LZP), 18,442 votes; Māris Gailis (LC), 52,718 votes; Anatolijs Gorbunovs (LC), 60,762 votes; Viesturs Gredzens (LVP), 27,735 votes; Oskars Grīgs (TB), 36,060 votes; Ojārs Grīnbergs (TKL), 45,364 votes; Guntars Grīnblats (TB), 34,386 votes; Odisejs Kostanda (TKL), 50,569 votes; Aivars Kreituss (DPS), 53,372 votes; Aida Prēdele (LZS-KDS-LDP), 15,666 votes; Pauls Putniņš (LZS-KDS-LDP), 15,864 votes; Andris Saulītis (TKL), 44,456 votes; Anna Seile (LNNK-LZP), 20,923 votes; Jānis Straume (TB), 34,468 votes; Dainis Turlais (DPS), 51,126 votes; and Juris Galerijs Vidiņš (TB), 35,527 votes.

1993[edit]

Results of the 1993 parliamentary election held on 5 and 6 June 1993:[26] [27]

Party Votes per district Total
Votes		 % Seats
Alūks
-ne		 Cēsis Gul
-bene		 Jūr
-mala
City		 Lim
-baži		 Madona Ogre Riga Valka Val
-miera
Latvian Way LC 7,614 13,587 7,491 5,497 10,059 10,463 11,553 21,413 8,890 13,435 110,002 36.87% 11
Latvian National Independence Movement LNNK 1,066 3,505 1,757 4,794 2,894 2,077 5,374 10,434 1,232 3,810 36,943 12.38% 4
Latvian Farmers' Union LZS 3,004 4,141 2,113 1,606 3,533 4,032 3,863 6,114 2,946 4,550 35,902 12.03% 3
Harmony for Latvia SL 907 3,240 1,117 2,765 1,976 2,777 2,601 5,397 801 1,404 22,985 7.70% 2
Democratic Center Party of Latvia DCP 759 1,874 915 1,173 1,170 1,040 2,014 5,068 1,008 2,548 17,569 5.89% 2
For Fatherland and Freedom TB 611 2,017 663 1,480 973 1,581 1,635 4,465 961 1,941 16,327 5.47% 2
Christian Democratic Union KDS 387 1,777 615 1,423 746 1,376 1,809 3,989 617 1,398 14,137 4.74% 1
Popular Front of Latvia LTF 500 1,288 416 594 637 667 884 1,592 682 1,028 8,288 2.78% 0
Equal Rights Р 671 663 901 1,037 397 752 696 2,059 350 542 8,068 2.70% 1
Citizens Union "Our Land" 108 336 125 517 126 1,627 272 664 121 229 4,125 1.38% 0
Green List 119 499 199 308 316 330 378 1,226 284 443 4,102 1.37% 0
Latvia's Happiness 181 439 186 234 288 424 376 735 273 508 3,644 1.22% 0
Economic Activity League 131 497 140 354 305 226 348 1,084 218 329 3,632 1.22% 0
Democratic Labour Party of Latvia LDDP 101 259 186 225 292 510 321 692 239 528 3,353 1.12% 0
Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party LSDSP 91 387 96 170 124 222 189 385 114 220 1,998 0.67% 0
Anti-Communist Union 99 221 141 104 110 183 152 372 99 194 1,675 0.56% 0
Russian National Democratic List 99 70 51 339 20 62 143 580 46 75 1,485 0.50% 0
Republican Platform 88 153 153 69 106 116 134 274 118 187 1,398 0.47% 0
Conservatives and Peasants 68 98 58 129 229 78 108 286 51 97 1,202 0.40% 0
Independents' Union 19 80 27 47 37 42 41 118 13 85 509 0.17% 0
Latvian Liberal Party LLP 30 49 31 36 47 54 39 112 32 55 485 0.16% 0
Liberal Alliance 16 26 24 34 10 24 21 105 11 9 280 0.09% 0
Latvian Unity Party LVP 13 23 14 20 14 24 22 73 19 15 237 0.08% 0
Valid Votes 16,682 35,229 17,419 22,955 24,409 28,687 32,973 67,237 19,125 33,630 298,346 100.00% 26
Rejected Votes 45 761 128 195 100 438 154 633 307 462 3,223 1.07%
Valid Envelopes 16,727 35,990 17,547 23,150 24,509 29,125 33,127 67,870 19,432 34,092 301,569

The following candidates were elected:[28][29] Dzintars Ābiķis (LC), 107,742 votes; Georgs Andrejevs (LC), 144,682 votes; Aivars Berķis (LZS), 43,451 votes; Valdis Birkavs (LC), 114,417 votes; Inese Birzniece (LC), 108,908 votes; Olga Dreģe (DCP), 18,868 votes; Anatolijs Gorbunovs (LC), 172,762 votes; Edvīns Inkēns (LC), 121,494 votes; Imants Kalniņš (LNNK), 38,912 votes; Ojārs Kehris (LC), 110,940 votes; Edvīns Kide (SL), 23,899 votes; Aivars Kreituss (DCP), 27,096 votes; Ģirts Valdis Kristovskis (LC), 108,641 votes; Jānis Lucāns (SL), 25,955 votes; Gunārs Meierovics (LC), 119,154 votes; Valdis Pavlovskis (LC), 110,671 votes; Aleksandrs Pētersons (TB), 17,388 votes; Velta Puriņa (LNNK), 40,305 votes; Irina Rajuškina (Р), 7,439 votes; Gunārs Resnais (LZS), 37,013 votes; Andris Saulītis (KDS), 15,295 votes; Anna Seile (LNNK), 37,163 votes; Jānis Straume (TB), 17,814 votes; Guntis Ulmanis (LZS), 41,068 votes; Mārtiņš Virsis (LC), 106,488 votes; and Alfrēds Žīgurs (LNNK), 45,231 votes.

1930s[edit]

1931[edit]

Results of the 1931 parliamentary election held on 3 and 4 October 1931:[30][31]

Party Votes per County Total
Votes		 % Seats
Cēsis Madona Riga Valka Val
-miera
Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party LSDSP 6,438 9,725 12,505 9,999 15,216 53,883 24.69% 6
Latvian Farmers' Union LZS 8,411 11,309 10,451 11,148 11,937 53,256 24.40% 6
Latvian New Farmers and Small Landowners Party LJSP 3,439 2,992 7,293 4,801 3,781 22,306 10.22% 2
Democratic Centre DC 2,313 1,825 6,364 2,157 2,143 14,802 6.78% 1
New Farmers' Association JZA 3,518 3,008 4,655 1,424 1,358 13,963 6.40% 1
Party of Former Money Depositors ANNTT 1,028 1,552 2,185 1,404 2,101 8,270 3.79% 1
Leftist Workers and Farm Labourers KSDZ 920 544 2,458 1,229 2,701 7,852 3.60% 1
German-Baltic Party in Latvia DbPL 354 879 4,558 236 415 6,442 2.95% 1
Latvian Labour Union LDS 628 348 4,306 479 654 6,415 2.94% 1
Riga German List for Vidzeme DbRP 8 19 6,074 15 22 6,138 2.81% 1
Progressive Association PA 680 1,559 1,880 929 796 5,844 2.68% 1
Christian Union and Workers KAS 705 483 1,378 820 2,153 5,539 2.54% 1
Union for Peace, Order and Production MKRA 201 296 1,791 774 991 4,053 1.86% 0
National Union NA 782 597 802 695 782 3,658 1.68% 0
Women's Organisations 408 365 755 456 387 2,371 1.09% 0
Unsatisfied New Farmers, Small Landholders and Fishermen 256 173 576 373 394 1,772 0.81% 0
Christian Peasants and Catholics KZK 179 240 431 97 84 1,031 0.47% 0
Latvian Social Democratic Opposition Workers 38 147 101 129 70 485 0.22% 0
Latvian Polish Union Polish-Catholics ZPL 13 22 104 16 9 164 0.08% 0
Valid Votes 30,319 36,083 68,667 37,181 45,994 218,244 100.00% 23
Rejected Votes 1,146 0.52%
Valid Envelopes 219,390 99.98%
Rejected Envelopes 51 0.02%
Total Polled 219,441

1920s[edit]

1928[edit]

Results of the 1928 parliamentary election held on 6 and 7 October 1928:[32][33]

Party Votes per County Total
Votes		 % Seats
Cēsis Madona Riga Valka Val
-miera
Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party LSDSP 8,827 12,220 15,496 13,126 18,353 68,022 32.45% 8
Latvian Farmers' Union LZS 11,707 13,981 13,188 13,246 10,889 63,011 30.06% 7
Latvian New Farmers and Small Landowners Party LJSP 1,949 2,039 5,646 3,784 1,440 14,858 7.09% 2
Latgallian Independent Socialist Party LNSP 815 449 1,968 736 3,446 7,414 3.54% 1
Party of Former Money Depositors and Other Victims 1,022 1,598 1,566 1,214 1,789 7,189 3.43% 1
Christian Union and Workers Party KASP 1,204 661 1,730 1,214 1,937 6,746 3.22% 1
National Union NA 1,131 981 1,738 925 1,836 6,611 3.15% 1
German-Baltic Party in Latvia DbPL 426 977 2,590 237 428 4,658 2.22% 1
Democratic Centre DC 764 465 1,437 959 615 4,240 2.02% 1
Union of Social Democrats and Farmers 609 1,250 871 938 569 4,237 2.02% 1
United Farmers 506 438 2,503 66 101 3,614 1.72% 0
All-Latvian National Assembly 645 892 1,517 263 281 3,598 1.72% 0
Union for Peace, Order and Production MKRA 304 286 948 728 864 3,130 1.49% 0
Latvian Labour Union LDS 677 393 1,159 389 335 2,953 1.41% 0
Latvian New Farmers' Union LJS 324 358 688 260 445 2,075 0.99% 0
Latvian Women's Union 273 280 792 306 264 1,915 0.91% 0
Economic Association 228 173 589 520 340 1,850 0.88% 0
Orthodox and Public Workers 185 485 376 263 226 1,535 0.73% 0
Radical Democrats 77 155 773 60 137 1,202 0.57% 0
Zionist Organisation Mizrachi 59 122 57 158 97 493 0.24% 0
Latvian Polish-Catholic Union 47 46 128 26 24 271 0.13% 0
Valid Votes 31,779 38,249 55,760 39,418 44,416 209,622 100.00% 24
Rejected Votes 1,170 0.56%
Valid Envelopes 210,792 99.96%
Rejected Envelopes 90 0.04%
Total Polled 210,882
1925[edit]

Results of the 1925 parliamentary election held on 3 and 4 October 1925:[34][35][36]

Party Votes per County Total
Votes		 % Seats
Cēsis Madona Riga Valka Val
-miera		 County
Comm
-ission		 Con. Com. Tot.
Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party LSDSP 8,313 8,733 13,492 11,365 18,133 45 60,081 33.53% 8 0 8
Latvian Farmers' Union LZS 9,986 10,415 11,585 12,540 11,098 16 55,640 31.05% 7 0 7
Social Democrats Mensheviks SDM 1,481 3,613 1,954 3,289 1,544 6 11,887 6.63% 2 0 2
National Union NA 1,361 1,358 2,258 1,381 2,267 4 8,629 4.82% 1 0 1
Latvian New Farmers' Union LJS 1,168 1,124 2,374 1,011 1,775 6 7,458 4.16% 1 0 1
Democratic Centre DC 943 1,080 2,322 1,032 1,251 6 6,634 3.70% 1 0 1
National Farmers' Union NZS 770 968 1,440 426 693 3 4,300 2.40% 1 0 1
Congress of Destroyed Areas and Agricultural Association 354 655 2,371 354 250 5 3,989 2.23% 1 0 1
Latvian New Farmers-Small Landowners Party LJSP 366 630 1,846 637 490 1 3,970 2.22% 1 0 1
Christian National Union KNS 580 401 923 650 1,203 2 3,759 2.10% 0 0 0
German-Baltic Party in Latvia DbPL 409 757 924 279 556 0 2,925 1.63% 0 0 0
Union for Peace, Order and Production MKRA 444 198 853 504 766 2 2,767 1.54% 0 0 0
Economically Active Citizens 392 1,199 292 232 270 2 2,387 1.33% 0 0 0
Latvian Labour Union LDS 487 181 451 219 257 1 1,596 0.89% 0 0 0
Latvian Farmers' Union 20 30 745 36 42 1 874 0.49% 0 0 0
National Group of Estonian Voters 28 35 15 489 38 0 605 0.34% 0 0 0
Agudas Israel 82 52 47 218 70 0 469 0.26% 0 0 0
Union of Latvian Democrats LDS 26 27 289 37 62 2 443 0.25% 0 0 0
Party of Catholics and Christian Peasants KKZP 32 61 106 16 26 0 241 0.13% 0 0 0
Zionist Organisation Mizrachi 17 23 49 58 55 0 202 0.11% 0 0 0
Supporters of J. Salmiņš 45 22 65 23 27 0 182 0.10% 0 0 0
Latgallian Democratic Party LDP 22 44 51 39 12 0 168 0.09% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 27,326 31,606 44,452 34,835 40,885 102 179,206 100.00% 23 0 23
Rejected Votes
Valid Envelopes
Rejected Envelopes
Total Polled
Registered Electors 42,212 49,349 67,192 52,013 56,953 267,719
1922[edit]

Results of the 1922 parliamentary election held on 7 and 8 October 1922:[37][38]

Party Votes per County Total
Votes		 % Seats
Cēsis Riga Valka Val
-miera		 County
Comm
-ission		 Con. Com. Tot.
Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party LSDSP 16,375 15,172 20,285 24,833 92 76,757 39.99% 11 0 11
Latvian Farmers' Union LZS 18,823 12,014 16,621 12,974 59 60,491 31.51% 8 0 8
Union of Social Democrats – Mensheviks and Rural Workers SDML 3,660 3,482 3,070 2,761 19 12,992 6.77% 2 0 2
Democratic Centre DC 2,414 5,447 1,932 1,574 15 11,382 5.93% 1 0 1
Non-Partisan National Centre BNC 2,618 2,649 1,676 2,063 15 9,021 4.70% 1 0 1
Christian National Union KNS 2,406 1,975 1,961 2,010 25 8,377 4.36% 1 0 1
Latvian New Farmers' Union LJS 1,538 1,600 940 600 6 4,684 2.44% 1 0 1
German-Baltic Party in Latvia DbPL 1,299 996 515 660 5 3,475 1.81% 1 0 1
Land Workers' Association 64 929 46 36 2 1,077 0.56% 0 0 0
Group of Estonian Voters 22 35 586 158 2 803 0.42% 0 0 0
Latvian Fishermen's Union and Group of Sailors 30 658 14 93 0 795 0.41% 0 0 0
War Invalids, Families and Soldiers on Leave 207 200 205 181 0 793 0.41% 0 0 0
Ceire Cion CC 155 89 287 130 2 663 0.35% 0 0 0
Colonel Jansons' List 154 180 138 159 6 637 0.33% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 49,765 45,426 48,276 48,232 248 191,947 100.00% 26 0 26
Rejected Votes 1,296 0.67%
Valid Envelopes 193,243
Rejected Envelopes
Total Polled
Registered Electors 68,863 59,804 65,389 59,458 253,514

References[edit]

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  35. ^ Skujenieks, M. (1926). Latvijas Republikas Saeimas Vēlēšanas 1925. Gadā (PDF) (in Latvian). Riga, Latvia: Valsts Statistiskā Pārvalde. pp. 10–11. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  36. ^ Skujenieks, M. (1926). Latvijas Republikas Saeimas Vēlēšanas 1925. Gadā (PDF) (in Latvian). Riga, Latvia: Valsts Statistiskā Pārvalde. p. 4. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  37. ^ Skujenieks, M. (1923). Latvijas Republikas Saeimas Vēlēšanu Iznākumi (PDF) (in Latvian). Riga, Latvia: Valsts Statistiskā Pārvalde. pp. 22–23. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  38. ^ Skujenieks, M. (1923). Latvijas Republikas Saeimas Vēlēšanu Iznākumi (PDF) (in Latvian). Riga, Latvia: Valsts Statistiskā Pārvalde. pp. 8–10. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
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