Paula Casal

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Paula Casal is an ICREA Professor in the Law Department of Pompeu Fabra University. She was previously a Reader in Moral and Political Philosophy at Reading University (2004–2008) and a Lecturer at Keele University (1996–2004). She was also a Fellow in Ethics at Harvard University (1999–2000), a Keele Junior Research Fellow, also at Harvard (2000–2001), a Hoover Fellow at Université Catholique de Louvain (2001–2002), and a Leverhulme Research Fellow at the University of Oxford (2002–2004). Her work has appeared in journals such as Ethics, Economics and Philosophy, Journal of Medical Ethics, Journal of Political Philosophy, Hypatia, Political Studies, and Utilitas.[1] She is an associate editor of Politics, Philosophy & Economics, co-editor of Law Ethics and Philosophy, President of the Great Ape Project-Spain, and one of the founders—with Keith Horton, Meena Krishnamurthy, and Thomas Pogge—of Academics Stand Against Poverty. She is also the co-director of the UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics, with Núria Almiron.

Works[edit]

Distributive justice[edit]

Casal teaches distributive justice in the MA programs of Pompeu Fabra University[2] and the University of Barcelona.[3] This is a part of political philosophy that discusses the just distribution of resources, whether this be within a family or a country, or across several countries, generations, or even species. Casal is credited with having produced the most comprehensive and lucid analysis of the arguments for and against the principle of sufficiency, according to which individuals are entitled to protection against various forms of absolute deprivation.[citation needed] Her paper "Why Sufficiency Is Not Enough"[4] has generated an extensive literature, including various responses from Robert Huseby,[5][6][7][8][9] Liam Shields,[10][11][12][13][14] and Lasse Nielsen,[15][16][17][18][19] among others. She has also extensively discussed the work of her Oxford supervisor G. A. Cohen.[20][21][22]

Environmental taxation[edit]

Casal argues that a green fiscal reform is urgently needed in order to reduce climate change, and that it is important to design environmental taxes so that they lack a regressive effect, since regressive taxes are not only less fair than progressive taxes but also less likely to be politically feasible, as those who support environmental taxes tend to reject regressive taxation. She explains various methods for eliminating any regressive impact and gives several philosophical arguments for employing them.[23]

Casal also advocates environmental taxes globally, as a way to simultaneously reduce global poverty and climate change, which she considers the two largest challenges facing humanity today. She debates with Thomas Pogge and Hillel Steiner the best design for such a global tax and transfer scheme, both in journal articles and in their jointly authored book Un reparto mas justo del planeta (2016).[24] Here Pogge defends the Global Resources Dividend: a flat tax on the use of natural resources, to be distributed according to the principle of sufficiency; while Steiner defends the Global Fund: a flat 100% tax on the rental value of any owned natural resources, to be distributed according to the principle of equality; whereas Casal defends a progressive tax rate rather than a flat one, and a hybrid tax base (on use and ownership), to be distributed according to the principle of priority to the worst off.

Procreative justice[edit]

Casal has also written on procreative justice: a part of distributive justice that concerns how the cost of children should be distributed, both when we assume that children have positive externalities because they are future pension contributors, and when we assume that their externalities are negative because of their environmental impact.[25] A paper that Casal coauthored with Andrew Williams in response to Ronald Dworkin,[26] to which Dworkin replied,[27] spurred this growing area of inquiry, with further responses from Idil Boran,[28] Paul Bou-Habib,[29][30] Tim Meijers,[31][32] Serena Olsaretti,[33][34] and Patrick Tomlin,[35] among others.

Animal ethics[edit]

Casal's best-known contributions to animal ethics are her introduction to the Spanish edition of Peter Singer's Animal Liberation,[36] her defense of the rights of self-aware animals like great apes, elephants, and cetaceans, and her critique of whaling, bullfighting, and other traditions involving animal suffering.[37][38] She coauthored, with Peter Singer, the book Los derechos de los simios (2022),[39] which was published in Spanish to support the creation of a Great Ape Law in Spain.[40]

Evolution[edit]

Casal's work sometimes draws on evolution, and she has produced several essays on the overlap between distributive justice and evolutionary biology.[41][42] She has interviewed various biologists for the journal Mètode, including Robin Dunbar,[43] Frans de Waal,[44][45] Robert Trivers,[46] Robert Sapolsky,[47] and Lori Marino.[48]

Fiction[edit]

Casal has written and illustrated Martina y el mar (2007), a novel about whales and climate change oriented towards a young audience,[49] "La Anestesista" (2011), a story about bullfighting, La lagartija poeta (2021), a book of poems for children about animals, freedom, and self-acceptance,[50][51] and a book to teach very young or dyslexic children how to read, called The Life of the Alphabet (forthcoming with Babidibú). She is the godchild of the Galician writer Álvaro Cunqueiro, who wrote stories for her and her siblings, which are collected in Jordán escondido y otros cuentos (2007), with Casal's prologue explaining her childhood with Cunqueiro.[52]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "ICREA". www.icrea.cat.
  2. ^ "Master in Political Philosophy (UPF)". www.upf.edu.
  3. ^ "Analytic Philosophy - Universitat de Barcelona". www.ub.edu.
  4. ^ Casal, Paula (2007). "Why Sufficiency Is Not Enough". Ethics. 117 (2): 296–326. doi:10.1086/510692. S2CID 145611972.
  5. ^ Huseby, Robert (2010). "Sufficiency: Restated and Defended". Journal of Political Philosophy. 18 (2): 178–197. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9760.2009.00338.x.
  6. ^ Huseby, Robert (2012). "Sufficiency and Population Ethics". Ethical Perspectives. 19 (2): 187–206. doi:10.2143/EP.19.2.2160703.
  7. ^ Huseby, Robert (2016). "Sufficiency, Priority, and Aggregation". In Fourie, Carina; Rid, Annette (eds.). What Is Enough? Sufficiency, Justice, and Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 69–84. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199385263.003.0005. ISBN 978-0-19-938529-4. OCLC 963832963.
  8. ^ Huseby, Robert (2019). "Sufficientarianism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1382. ISBN 978-0-19-022863-7.
  9. ^ Huseby, Robert (2020). "Sufficiency and the Threshold Question". Journal of Ethics. 24 (2): 207–223. doi:10.1007/s10892-020-09321-7. hdl:10852/82177. S2CID 254647720.
  10. ^ Shields, Liam (2012). "The Prospects for Sufficientarianism". Utilitas. 24 (1): 101–117. doi:10.1017/S0953820811000392. S2CID 154333278.
  11. ^ Shields, Liam (2018). Just Enough: Sufficiency as a Demand of Justice. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-2702-9. OCLC 1032366146.
  12. ^ Shields, Liam (2016). "Some Questions (and Answers) for Sufficientarians". In Fourie, Carina; Rid, Annette (eds.). What Is Enough? Sufficiency, Justice, and Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 85–100. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199385263.003.0006. ISBN 978-0-19-938529-4. OCLC 963832963.
  13. ^ Shields, Liam (2019). "Sufficiency Principle". In LaFollette, Hugh (ed.). The International Encyclopedia of Ethics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781444367072. ISBN 978-1-4443-6707-2. OCLC 829259960. S2CID 169825194.
  14. ^ Shields, Liam (2020). "Sufficientarianism". Philosophy Compass. 15 (11): 1–10. doi:10.1111/phc3.12704. S2CID 241880155.
  15. ^ Axelsen, David V.; Nielsen, Lasse (2015). "Sufficiency as Freedom from Duress". Journal of Political Philosophy. 23 (4): 406–426. doi:10.1111/jopp.12048.
  16. ^ Nielsen, Lasse (2017). "Shielding Sufficientarianism from the Shift". Law, Ethics and Philosophy. 5: 142–153. doi:10.31009/LEAP.2017.V5.12. S2CID 139112984.
  17. ^ Nielsen, Lasse (2019). "Sufficiency and Satiable Values". Journal of Applied Philosophy. 36 (5): 800–816. doi:10.1111/japp.12364. S2CID 151304816.
  18. ^ Nielsen, Lasse (2019). "What Is Wrong with Sufficiency?". Res Publica. 25 (1): 21–38. doi:10.1007/s11158-017-9377-y. S2CID 254978703.
  19. ^ Albertsen, Andreas; Nielsen, Lasse (2020). "What Is the Point of the Harshness Objection?". Utilitas. 32 (4): 427–443. doi:10.1017/S0953820820000059. S2CID 219519560.
  20. ^ Casal, Paula (2013). "Occupational Choice and the Egalitarian Ethos". Economics & Philosophy. 29 (1): 3–20. doi:10.1017/S0266267113000059. S2CID 146155409.
  21. ^ Casal, Paula (2017). "Mill, Rawls and Cohen on Incentives and Occupational Freedom". Utilitas. 29 (4): 375–397. doi:10.1017/S0953820816000297. S2CID 152198369.
  22. ^ Casal, Paula (2015). "Marx, Rawls, Cohen, and Feminism". Hypatia. 30 (4): 811–828. doi:10.1111/hypa.12176. S2CID 146702935.
  23. ^ Casal, Paula (2012). "Progressive Environmental Taxation: A Defence". Political Studies. 60 (2): 419–433. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00924.x. S2CID 143121386.
  24. ^ Casal, Paula; Pogge, Thomas; Steiner, Hillel (2016). Un reparto más justo del planeta. Madrid: Trotta. ISBN 978-84-9879-617-9. OCLC 937813197.
  25. ^ Casal, Paula (1999). "Environmentalism, Procreation, and the Principle of Fairness". Public Affairs Quarterly. 13 (4): 363–376. JSTOR 40441240.
  26. ^ Casal, Paula; Williams, Andrew (2004). "Equality of Resources and Procreation". In Burley, Justine (ed.). Dworkin and His Critics. Malden, MA: Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9780470996386.ch9. ISBN 978-0-470-99638-6.
  27. ^ Dworkin, Ronald (2004). "Ronald Dworkin Replies". In Burley, Justine (ed.). Dworkin and His Critics. Malden, MA: Blackwell. pp. 337–395. doi:10.1002/9780470996386.ch18. ISBN 978-0-470-99638-6.
  28. ^ Boran, Idil (2006). "Benefits, Intentions, and the Principle of Fairness". Canadian Journal of Philosophy. 36 (1): 95–115. doi:10.1353/cjp.2006.0002. S2CID 144700497.
  29. ^ Bou-Habib, Paul (2013). "Parental Subsidies: The Argument from Insurance". Politics, Philosophy & Economics. 12 (2): 197–216. doi:10.1177/1470594X12447789. S2CID 154308118.
  30. ^ Bou-Habib, Paul; Olsaretti, Serena (2013). "Equality, Autonomy, and the Price of Parenting". Journal of Social Philosophy. 44 (4): 420–438. doi:10.1111/josp.12037.
  31. ^ Meijers, Tim (2016). Justice in Procreation: Five Essays on Population Size, Parenthood and New Arrivals (Thesis). Université Catholique de Louvain.
  32. ^ Meijers, Tim (2020). "The Value in Procreation: A Pro-tanto Case for a Limited and Conditional Right to Procreate". Journal of Value Inquiry. 54 (4): 627–647. doi:10.1007/s10790-020-09734-5. hdl:1887/3200468. S2CID 254585449.
  33. ^ Olsaretti, Serena (2013). "Children as Public Goods?". Philosophy & Public Affairs. 41 (3): 226–258. doi:10.1111/papa.12019.
  34. ^ Olsaretti, Serena (2022). "Egalitarian Justice, Population Size, and Parents' Responsibility for the Costs of Children". In Arrhenius, Gustaf; Bykvist, Krister; Campbell, Tim; Finneron-Burns, E. M. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Population Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-090771-6. OCLC 1313945980.
  35. ^ Tomlin, Patrick (2015). "Should Kids Pay Their Own Way?". Political Studies. 63 (3): 663–678. doi:10.1111/1467-9248.12111. S2CID 145742611.
  36. ^ Singer, Peter (1999). Liberación animal. Introduction by Paula Casal. Madrid: Trotta. ISBN 84-8164-262-2. OCLC 40913889.
  37. ^ Casal, Paula (2003). "Is Multiculturalism Bad for Animals?". Journal of Political Philosophy. 11 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1111/1467-9760.00164.
  38. ^ Casal, Paula (2021). "Whaling, Bullfighting, and the Conditional Value of Tradition". Res Publica. 27 (3): 467–490. doi:10.1007/s11158-020-09486-w. PMC 7675388. PMID 33230387.
  39. ^ Casal, Paula; Singer, Peter (2022). Los derechos de los simios. Madrid: Trotta. ISBN 978-84-1364-064-8. OCLC 1334413794.
  40. ^ Casal, Paula (September 2, 2022). "Los derechos de los simios, treinta años después". elDiario.es (in Spanish).
  41. ^ Casal, Paula (2013). "Sexual Dimorphism and Human Enhancement". Journal of Medical Ethics. 39 (12): 722–728. doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100422. PMID 22962068. S2CID 10885548.
  42. ^ Casal, Paula (2015). "Distributive Justice and Female Longevity". Law, Ethics and Philosophy. 3: 90–106.
  43. ^ Casal, Paula (2010). "Interview with Robin Dunbar". Mètode. 67.
  44. ^ Casal, Paula (2011). "Interview with Frans de Waal". Mètode. 69.
  45. ^ "Entrevista a Frans de Waal — Proyecto Gran Simio - España" [video interview with Frans de Waal]. proyectogransimio.org.
  46. ^ Casal, Paula (2018). "Interview with Robert Trivers". Mètode. 98.
  47. ^ Casal, Paula (2019). "Interview with Robert Sapolsky". Mètode. 101.
  48. ^ Casal, Paula (2022). "Interview with Lori Marino". Mètode. 113.
  49. ^ Casal, Paula (2007). Martina y el mar. Madrid: Hiperión. ISBN 978-84-7517-885-1. OCLC 433319603.
  50. ^ Casal, Paula (2020). La lagartija poeta. Madrid: Hiperión. ISBN 978-84-9002-188-0. OCLC 1293051204.
  51. ^ "La lagartija poeta, de Paula Casal (Hiperión Ediciones, 2021, Col. Ajonjolí)". Poémame - Revista abierta de poesía (in Spanish). 2021-12-28.
  52. ^ Cunqueiro, Álvaro; Casal, Alberto (2007). Jordán escondido y otros cuentos. Prologue by Paula Casal. Madrid: Hiperión. ISBN 978-84-7517-886-8. OCLC 434106496.
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