Pretty Nose
Pretty Nose | |
|---|---|
 Pretty Nose in 1879, with woven cloth belt and buffalo robe | |
| Born | c. 1851[1] |
| Nationality | Arapaho |
| Known for | Participation in the Battle of the Little Bighorn |
| Relatives | Mark Soldier Wolf (descendant) |
Pretty Nose (born 1851) was a female leader of the Arapaho Tribe. She fought in the Battle of the Little Bighorn and earned the title of War Chief for her bravery and leadership as a warrior. She died at the age of 101 in 1952.[1][2][3]
Arapaho Tribe[edit]
Pretty Nose was from the Northern Arapaho Tribe; although, some sources refer to her as Cheyenne.[4] She was identified as Arapaho because of her red, black, and white beaded cuffs, which are the colors of the Northern Arapaho Tribe flag.[1][A] The tribe now resides on the Wind River Indian Reservation in Wyoming and is the seventh largest Indian Reservation in the United States.
Battle of Little Bighorn[edit]
The United States continued to push boundaries and violate treaties and agreements such as the Treaty of Fort Laramie, which guarenteed The Black Hills to the Sioux Tribe. Eventually, the Sioux and Northern Cheyenne peoples were made to either fight or surrender and be forced into reservations. Lieutenent Colonel Custer attacked an Indian village in the Valley of the Little Bighorn and was met and defeated by overwhelming numbers of Native warriors. Pretty Nose was among these warriors and earned the title War Chief.
Mark Soldier Wolf[edit]
Pretty Nose's grandson, Mark Soldier Wolf, was drafted into the Korean War in 1948 and served for five years. He was honorably discharged as a Lance Corporal. The Land that he had inherited become of interest to uranium milling companies. 200 acres of his land were illegitimately transferred from his possession. He became an Arapaho tribal elder. Pretty Nose and her grandson were reunited when she was 101 years old. He recounts that she was singing an Indian war song to recognize his service and was wearing cuffs and beads on her wrists that indicated she was a war chief. [1]
Pretty Nose was portrayed in the 2017 novel The Vengeance of Mothers: The Journals of Margaret Kelly & Molly McGill by Jim Fergus.[5][6][7][8]
Photographs[edit]
A photograph taken by Laton Alton Huffman c. 1880 shows Pretty Nose with a young woman named Spotted Fawn.[9] One source from the Montana Memory Project implies that they were sisters.[10] She appeared in several of silver prints by Huffman, and they are now part of the collection of the Princeton Library.[11] Her photo is featured on the cover of The Spirit of Indian Women magazine.[12]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ The two tribes were allies at the Battle of the Little Bighorn and are still officially grouped together as the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
Citations[edit]
- ^ a b c d Tristan Ahtone (September 28, 2014). "The Story of Soldier Wolf". Al Jazeera America. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ Mark Herbert Brown; William Reid Felton (1955). The Frontier Years: L. A. Huffman, Photographer of the Plains. New York: Holt. p. 202-204.
- ^ Hilleary, Cecily. "Smithsonian to Honor Native American Veterans With National Memorial". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
- ^ Huffman, L. A. "Pretty Nose, Cheyenne Girl, Fort Keogh." (1878) [Image]. L. A. Huffman Photograph Collection. Montana Historical Society Library and Archives.
- ^ Fergus, Jim (2017-09-12). The Vengeance of Mothers: The Journals of Margaret Kelly & Molly McGill. St. Martin's Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-250-09342-4.
- ^ Jane Krebs (September 21, 2017). "The Vengeance of Mothers: The Journals of Margaret Kelly & Molly McGill". BookReporter. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ Fergus, Jim (2016). Mille femmes blanches. 2, La vengeance des mères : les journaux de Margaret Kelly et de Molly Mcgill : roman. Piningre, Jean-Luc. Paris: Cherche-Midi. ISBN 978-2-7491-4329-3. OCLC 960930869.
- ^ "Jim Fergus : Touche pas la femme indienne !". Femme Actuelle (in French). 3 October 2016. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
- ^ ""Spotted Fawn" & "Pretty Nose," Cheyenne". Princeton University Library. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
- ^ "Cheyenne Girls : Sisters". Montana Historical Society. 1878. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
- ^ "Princeton University Library Collection of Western Americana Photographs (WC064) -- "Spotted Fawn" & "Pretty Nose," Cheyenne". findingaids.princeton.edu. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
- ^ The Spirit of Indian Women. Bloomington, Ind : World Wisdom imprint. 2005. ISBN 978-0-941532-87-7 – via Internet Archive.