Talk:Alaçatı

i've made a correction: Alacati lies at Aegan sea and not at Med. Correct me if I am wrong. existentia 03 september 2006, 1926 UTC

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The name Alaçatı

The name of the city formulated in the plural number and is considered to have its origin from the ancient Greek word als and alas (salt) – alata (salts)» in the Greek Demotic language a l a t i (salt) – a l a t i a (salts), which enunciate as Alatzata and Alatsata either due to Turkish alteration of the language (e.g. in Turkish, the word “kalderim” (meaning cobbled road - originated from the Greek kallidromon) or according to a Greek dialect.[1]

During the Ottoman Empire, the word is referred to as the adjective «the alatsatikos» which was a tax collected on salt. The older pronunciation and spelling of the name «Alatzata» seems to disappear at the end of the 19th century. The phoneme –tz then turned to the refined and elegant form of the Greek phoneme -ts, be held at the current name of the city with the letter of the Turkish alphabet - ç -. In the List of Subscribers (1834) of the book «Essay of Epistolary Cannes» written by the Director Avramios Omirolou, of the Evangelical School of Smyrna, the name of the city is written in the literary form as Alassata and in the dative case: «In Alassatois». The origin of the name according to the wise headmaster George Zolotas from Chios island is attributed to the salt meadows with the shallow waters in the back of Agrilia bay (subsequently named Yiakin Tuzlou or Yiakini) where the curdled salt remained in the area and covered the ground for about three kilometres. This adaptation is supported by Constantinos A. Vlamos and Fanis N. Kleanthis in their books and also from oral testimonies referred to the collection of the salt in this specific region.

According to The Turkish version, the region took its name either from an alatza at (in Turkish Alaca At -not alaça -) meaning «pied horse» or from a horse of Selcuk breed Alatza (in Turkish Alaca), with which a man galloped in the region. The bystanders then called him “Alatzatli” (in Turkish Alacaatli meaning «the man with the pied horse.

The earliest text in which the name of the region is referred under the chapter entitled: «The Saplitzas port on the East coast and the shores of Alatza At» (in Turkish- Bu bölüm Anadolu kiyilarinda Saplica limani ve Alaca at kiyilarini anlatir) is the book «Navigation Guide» (in Turkish Kitab-i Bahriye), written by Pirie Reis (1470-1554) a great Turkish Admiral navigator, cartographer and poet. Saplitza is the oldest name of the bay Mersini (in Turkish Mersin Koyu), Pirie Reis gives the following description of the name Alatza At. «Alaca At is a bay to the south. This bay is visible from the sea as a white milk flowing between two hills ....» (in Turkish: Ve Alaca At kibleye karşu bir körfözdür. Ol körfözün denizden alameti budur. Iki tarafada ak süd gibi püsteler vardur...)

The paradox in relation to the name of the bay which is «pied horse» to the metaphor of «white as milk flowing» was created possibly by the oral information that Pirie Reis may have had for the name of the region. Hearing the Greek word Alatzata, a Turk understands a «pied horse». Why, then, did the bay from the sea appears «like white milk»? Possibly this could have been the curdled salt covering the shores of the bay. Eventually the name of the city is pronounced in Turkish and Greek with the pronunciation of phoneme -ts «Alaçati» and not -tz- as pronounced in the Turkish word alaca.

Agrilia (Greek word meaning wild olive tree) was the seaport of Alatsata city. The name of Agrilia was given by the residents of Alatsata. Agrilia took the name from the perennial wild olive tree growing on the bay’s west side, where the homonymous village was founded much later in 1850. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Froxalia (talk • contribs) 11:11, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

History

In the early part of the 13th century, Erythrae (the ancient Greek city of Erythra or Erythrae later Lythri, today called Ildiri)is deserted, and the center of gravity that is growing steadily in this region in that time, is the Byzantine Linoperamata in Cesme. Until the emergence of Genovese, the Linoperamata served mainly the two imperial monasteries of the nearby islands: the monastery of Nea Moni (New Monastery)of Chios island and the monastery of Theologos of Patmos Island, both having real estate in Erythrae, in the regions of Efheia, Kalothikia, Estilar and Anachorias or Anachorion. According to the map of Helen Glykatzi - Ahrweiler(Sorbonne University, Efheia and Kalothikia, are located in the east of Alacati city, probably in the place where the Zechtineri (today called Zeytinler) and Sirantami (today called Barbaros), while Estilar is probably part of Karampourna (today called Karaburun), which during Byzantine times was named Stylarion.

The farmlands of the monastery of Nea Moni, which sometimes appear to be mentioned with the name “Anahorias” and sometimes as “Anahorion”, are located to the west and within the borders of the later-founded city of Alacati. It is referred to as having a “Chapel of Holy Prodromos with its fields».

In the early part of the 14th century – according to Guilaum Adam – the masters of Erythraia were neither the Turkish masters of Smyrna, nor the Genovese Zacharias, masters of the island of Chios. Paul Lemerle characterizes the region as "no man's land". However, the 1335 masters of Erythrae were the Ottoman Turks, because history mentions the meeting of Emperor Andronikos Palaiologos the Third' – who recaptured Chios island – with his ally Oumour Pasha, who was Emir of Aydin,taking place at the imperial galley, due to the reluctance of the emperor to feel welcomed on the territory of Erythrae, which until now was Byzantine.

The plain area where Alacati city was situated became populated between 1640 and 1645. The first settlers were Greek slaves from corsaired vessels, bought by the two squires of the region, Turgut Aga in the northeast and Haci Memis Aga in the southwest part of the plain,  in order to cultivate the land distributed to them after the conquest of Erythrea by the Ottoman Turks. Upon their release, the slaves were given small pieces of land for their family needs. The slaves were few in number and most of them were sailors who were unfamiliar to farm work. To supplement their labor force in times of sowing and harvesting the new farmers brought their families from the island of Chios. Many of them settled there permanently after they have been assured of their security, welfare, provision of housing and wages.

In Alatsata, the residents were mainly Greeks and Orthodox Christians. There were also approximately 200 families of the Greek -speaking Muslims with origin from Peloponnese region, who moved there after Greece declared its independence. They settled in the wider area of the plain and also in Cesme. Approximately 25-30 Muslim families remained in the area and settled in the plain settlements allong with the families of the Ottoman government officials who stayed in the city.

In the magazine titled «Statistics of Krinis and Aneon» (Krini is the Greek translation of Cesme. Anea – Aneon – is the old name of Soke city), according to Anthony G. Poulakis, the population of the city was 6.000, in 1821. In the book «Guide and Calendar of Smyrna,[2] it was noted that Alatsata had 10,000 inhabitants in 1889.

According to figures published in December of 1904, in the journal “Xenophanes” the population was 15,500 Greeks and 50 Turks. The immigration waves of the Alatsatean - mainly to Greece and United States. of America, increased both from phylloxera (early 20th century). This significantly reduced the population of the city. According to the statistics of the of the High Commission of Smyrna, in May of 1914 the number of Greek inhabitants of Alatsata that were forced by the Turks to expatriated were 14.000 Upon their return (1919 – 1920), according to Michali Notara who was an official of the High Commission of Smyrna, the population of Alatsata during the period 1921-1922 amounted to 9.950 Greeks, 50 Turks and 20 Gypsies. The latter lived in the neighborhood of “Atsinganaria” (the Gypsies‘s camps). They spoke Greek and were dray makers, blacksmiths and iron-workers.

Until 1864, Erythrea fell under the Sancak (prefecture) of Chios of the eyalet (broad region) of the White Sea” (Aegean Sea) which belonged to the jurisdiction of the kapoudan Pasha (Ottoman fleet Admiral). Erythrea separated from the island of Chios in 1865 and split into two kaza (county provinces) of Cesme and Karabourna, which were included under the Sancak of Smyrna of the Vilayet of Aydin. Alatsata was a separate nahiye (sub province, large village) and under its administration fell Agrilia, Reisdere, Karmealesi and other small villages of the plain. After the conquest of Ionia by the Greek army and the return of Greek residents, the vice-governorship of Krini (Cesme) was formed, under which Alatsata fell for a short time. Then Alacati detached and until 1922 fell directly under Smyrna administration as a municipality. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Froxalia (talk • contribs) 11:51, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

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