Talk:Hu Sihui

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придворный , a Mongol, is credited for being a distinguished dietician. He wrote Yinshan Zhengyao (Important Principles of Food and Drink) in 1330 and was a proponent of a balanced diet. He especially focused on the importance of moderation and championed the eating in moderation rule. In addition, Hu's book offered a list of 230 cereals, meat, fish, shellfish, fruits and vegetables with a description of their nutritional benefits. For example, Hu said that eating too many apples caused distension and too many oranges could harm the liver; that dog meat was salty, not too overpowering, non-toxic and calmed the zang organs; and that grapes sustain energy and strengthen character.

http://www.shen-nong.com/eng/history/jinyuan.html

Diététicien impérial, il décrit les maladies carentielles et leur traitement par une diététique rationnelle, à l’exclusion de toute autre médication. Il est l’auteur du Yinshanzhengyao 飲膳正要 Précis d’alimentation qui contient des recettes intégrant des ingrédients aux vertus thérapeutiques, dont beaucoup font partie de l’alimentation des peuples du Nord et du Nord-Ouest (94 plats, 35 soupes, 29 recettes contre le vieillissement). http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decine_traditionnelle_chinoise

Time Important People / Authors Texts / Events 1294 Zhen Shirong

Huoyou Xinshu (Treatise for Children Life Saving) Significance Treatise of Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368AD) records some practical and proved prescriptions for pediatric diseases.

1306 Wang Haogu

Tangye Bencao (Materia Medica for Decoctions) Significance This book provides information about the major ingredients, actions, administration and preparation of drugs for various diseases.

1330 Hu Sihui

Yinshan Zhengyao (Principles of Correct Diet) Significance A proponent of a balanced diet, Hu Sihui, especially focused on eating in moderation.

1335 Qi Dezhi

Waike Jingyi (Essentials of External Medicine) Significance This book brings out new viewpoints on the causes, pathogenesis and diagnosis of external diseases.

1343 Wei Yilin

Shiyi Dexiaofang (Effective Formulae Tested by Physicians for Generations) Significance This book is a testimony to Wei's skills in setting fractures and bone disorders. He invented the suspension method for reduction of spinal fractures, which contributed greatly to the development of TCM bone-setting and traumatology.

1347 Zhu Zhenheng

Gezhi Yulun (Supplementary Treatise on Knowledge from Practice) Significance The book discusses the theory of internal fire or heat during physiological and pathological changes in the body.

Zhu Zhenheng

Jufang Fahui (Elaboration of the Bureau Formulary) Significance The author advocates treatment based on syndrome differentiation. He criticizes the abuse of set prescriptions and improper usage of dry and pungent herbs. http://www.shen-nong.com/eng/history/chronology.html#allround

The Mongolian food served in the Yuan palace was mainly meat from animals and fowl, especially mutton, but little seafood was served. The Yuan imperial food considered of meats and vegetables with mixed flavors from the Muslims, Hans, and other ethnic groups. This was because Beijing, having been the capital city of the Yuan Dynasty, was an important communication center and was inhabited mainly by Han people. Therefore, the food of the Mongolian rulers had been influenced by the Hans and other ethnic groups.

The imperial food of the Ming and Qing Dynasties had one common attribute: Diet was used to protect health. Kublai (1215 - 1294), the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, paid great attention to protecting his health through diet.

During the Reign of Tianli in the Yuan Dynasty (1328 - 1330), Hu Sihui, the imperial physician at the imperial hospital in charge of the emperor’s food, wrote a book entitled Principles of Correct Diet, which he gave to the emperor. The book dealt with questions about nutrition and hygiene. It also told how to make soup, thick soup, syrup, paste, oils, tea, sesame cakes, stuffed buns, steamed buns, porridge, and noodles, and described their nutritious effects. The book had a great influence on the food and drinks served in the Yuan palace. It encouraged health protection and parental education, listed taboo foods during pregnancy, and banned alcoholic drinks. It described foods for use in all seasons, prevented the wrong use of flavors, and stressed dietotherapy and regimen.

Shortly after Zhu Yuanzhang (1328 – 1398) ascended to the throne, he summoned Jia Ming, a 100 – year – old man from Haining to ask him the secret of his long life. Jia Ming gave The Instructions on Foods and Drinks to the emperor.

Hu Sihui’s Proper and Essential Ways of Drinking and Eating also received great attention from the Ming emperors. Zhu Qiyu, Emperor Daizong of the Ming Dynasty, even wrote a preface for the book before it was reprinted.

As in previous dynasties, food and drinks in the Ming Palace were supplied in season. Fresh fruits, vegetables and meats were supplied in their times. In the Ming Palace, more vegetables and fruits were eaten than meat and fish. Among the meat and fish eaten were chicken, pheasant, goose, duck, carp, golden carp, Mandarin fish, bream, rabbit, and deer.

The menu in the Ming Palace changed daily and dishes were not repeated. Light refreshments also changed daily. This variation in the daily diets continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty. http://china.org.cn/english/imperial/26109.htm

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The book is an investigation of Yuan era dietary medicine in its social and historical context. And, while Western Chinese medical practitioners will not find a highly rationalized presentation of traditional Asian dietary ideas abstracted and packaged for clinical application, they will find a very accessible exploration of traditional dietetics in the powerful and cosmopolitan Mongol court. This fidelity to the times gives the reader an understandable view of what likely influenced the thinking of Yuan-era chefs and doctors. Buell and Anderson state it thus: ". . . what most impresses us in the YSCY is the degree to which Hu's medical ideas are not formulated in terms of Correspondence Medicine, or any other system. Hu was no slave to tradition. He drew upon folk belief and folk experience as well as Correspondence Theory in presenting his medical ideas."

For example, Hu scores all major foods by heating/cooling category, and according to their effects on ch'i. He also discusses the effects many of them have on particular organs and anatomical parts, their role in humoral therapy. But, like other pragmatists of the Chinese herbal tradition, Hu also specifies which cannot be eaten together, which cure particular diseases or cause particular conditions, and which have magical effects. In other words, this is a book for those whose interest is understanding the native application of Chinese dietetic ideas in a known context. As such, it is accessible and often fascinating. It belongs in the libraries of schools specializing in clinical education, and on the shelves of persons whose interest in traditional East Asian dietary medicine and herbalism extends to understanding their traditional context.