Template:Interlinear/sandbox/testcases

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Nginda-rni

DEM(M)-FOC

ngaja-mi

see-IRR

jurliji-rdarra

bird-PL

diyim

fly

ka-rdu

3SG-go

Nginda-rni ngaja-mi jurliji-rdarra diyim ka-rdu

DEM(M)-FOC see-IRR bird-PL fly 3SG-go

'Look at all the birds flying!'

Main tests[edit]

Testing |number=
(15a)

kʼetʼu-q

cat-POSS:ESS

ɣˤay

milk:ABS

ħaƛu-ł-xo

drink-POT-PRS

kʼetʼu-q ɣˤay ħaƛu-ł-xo

cat-POSS:ESS milk:ABS drink-POT-PRS

"The cat can drink milk."

Testing |top=
(15a)
Potential mood:
Kʼetʼuq ɣˤay ħaƛułxo.

kʼetʼu-q

cat-POSS:ESS

ɣˤay

milk:ABS

ħaƛu-ł-xo

drink-POT-PRS

kʼetʼu-q ɣˤay ħaƛu-ł-xo

cat-POSS:ESS milk:ABS drink-POT-PRS

"The cat can drink milk."

Testing |bottom=
(15a)

kʼetʼu-q

cat-POSS:ESS

ɣˤay

milk:ABS

ħaƛu-ł-xo

drink-POT-PRS

kʼetʼu-q ɣˤay ħaƛu-ł-xo

cat-POSS:ESS milk:ABS drink-POT-PRS

"The cat can drink milk."

bottom note

Testing |box=

Nyama-baji

DEM-PL

imimikin-bili-rni-rni

old.woman-ANIM.DU-F-ERG

ardalakbi-wurru-ju

hot-3PL-do

Nyama-baji imimikin-bili-rni-rni ardalakbi-wurru-ju

DEM-PL old.woman-ANIM.DU-F-ERG hot-3PL-do

'The two old women feel hot.'

Testing |spacing=

Nyama-baji

DEM-PL

imimikin-bili-rni-rni

old.woman-ANIM.DU-F-ERG

ardalakbi-wurru-ju

hot-3PL-do

Nyama-baji imimikin-bili-rni-rni ardalakbi-wurru-ju

DEM-PL old.woman-ANIM.DU-F-ERG hot-3PL-do

'The two old women feel hot.'

Testing error abbreviation

Nyama-baji

DEM-PL

imimikin-bili-rni-rni

old.woman-ANIM.DU-F-IDK

ardalakbi-wurru-ju

hot-3PL-do

Nyama-baji imimikin-bili-rni-rni ardalakbi-wurru-ju

DEM-PL old.woman-ANIM.DU-F-IDK hot-3PL-do

'The two old women feel hot.' Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);

Testing |c1=

Shte

FUT

da

COMPL

e

AUX

vidiyal

see.PTC.M.SG

(rare in spoken usage)

 

Shte da e vidiyal

FUT COMPL AUX see.PTC.M.SG

'He must have seen it.'

Testing |glossing=no abbr

I

yǐjing

already

jiàn-guò

see-EXPERIENTIAL

Zhāng Sān

Zhang San

le.

RESULTATIVE.

wǒ yǐjing jiàn-guò {Zhāng Sān} le.

I already see-EXPERIENTIAL {Zhang San} RESULTATIVE.

Testing |rtl=yes
2.

𐤁𐤍

bn

bin

𐤌𐤋𐤊

mlk

milk

𐤕𐤁𐤍𐤕

tbnt

tabnīt

𐤌𐤋𐤊

mlk

milk

𐤑𐤃𐤍𐤌

ṣdnm

ṣīdōnīm

𐤃𐤁𐤓

dbr

dabar

𐤌𐤋𐤊

mlk

milk

𐤀𐤔𐤌𐤍𐤏𐤆𐤓

ʾšmnʿzr

ʾèšmūnʿazar

𐤌𐤋𐤊

mlk

milk

𐤑𐤃𐤍𐤌

ṣdnm

ṣīdōnīm

𐤋𐤀𐤌𐤓

lʾmr

līʾmōr

𐤍𐤂𐤆𐤋𐤕

ngzlt

nagzaltī

𐤁𐤍 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤕𐤁𐤍𐤕 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤑𐤃𐤍𐤌 𐤃𐤁𐤓 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤀𐤔𐤌𐤍𐤏𐤆𐤓 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤑𐤃𐤍𐤌 𐤋𐤀𐤌𐤓 𐤍𐤂𐤆𐤋𐤕

bn mlk tbnt mlk ṣdnm dbr mlk ʾšmnʿzr mlk ṣdnm lʾmr ngzlt

bin milk tabnīt milk ṣīdōnīm dabar milk ʾèšmūnʿazar milk ṣīdōnīm līʾmōr nagzaltī

son of king Tabnit, king of the Sidonians, king Eshmunazar, king of the Sidonians, said as follows: I was carried away

10.

𐠀𐠏𐠪𐠃𐠭𐠂

a-la-si-o-ta-i

'

'

𐠂𐠱𐠊𐠂

i-tu-ka-i

𐠀𐠏𐠪𐠃𐠭𐠂 ' 𐠂𐠱𐠊𐠂

a-la-si-o-ta-i ' i-tu-ka-i

Alasiotas, for luck.

طِرَكَ

Teraka

اَفَكَ

afaka

سِ

sy

مِطُوِ

mitovy

زُ

zo

سِ

sy

فَهَمِرِّهَنَ

fahamendrehana

نِ

ny

اُلُبِلُنَ

olombelona

رِهِرَّ.

rehetra.

سَمِ

Samy

مَنَنْتَيْنَ

manan-tsaina

سِ

sy

فِيْرِرِّرِطَنَ

fieritreretana

كَ

ka

طُكُنِ

tokony

هِفَفِّطُرَّ

hifampitondra

اَفِّرَهَلَهِيْنَ.

ampirahalahiana.

طِرَكَ اَفَكَ سِ مِطُوِ زُ سِ فَهَمِرِّهَنَ نِ اُلُبِلُنَ رِهِرَّ. سَمِ مَنَنْتَيْنَ سِ فِيْرِرِّرِطَنَ كَ طُكُنِ هِفَفِّطُرَّ اَفِّرَهَلَهِيْنَ.

Teraka afaka sy mitovy zo sy fahamendrehana ny olombelona rehetra. Samy manan-tsaina sy fieritreretana ka tokony hifampitondra ampirahalahiana.

Testing |class=
2.

𐤁𐤍

bn

bin

𐤌𐤋𐤊

mlk

milk

𐤕𐤁𐤍𐤕

tbnt

tabnīt

𐤌𐤋𐤊

mlk

milk

𐤑𐤃𐤍𐤌

ṣdnm

ṣīdōnīm

𐤃𐤁𐤓

dbr

dabar

𐤌𐤋𐤊

mlk

milk

𐤀𐤔𐤌𐤍𐤏𐤆𐤓

ʾšmnʿzr

ʾèšmūnʿazar

𐤌𐤋𐤊

mlk

milk

𐤑𐤃𐤍𐤌

ṣdnm

ṣīdōnīm

𐤋𐤀𐤌𐤓

lʾmr

līʾmōr

𐤍𐤂𐤆𐤋𐤕

ngzlt

nagzaltī

𐤁𐤍 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤕𐤁𐤍𐤕 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤑𐤃𐤍𐤌 𐤃𐤁𐤓 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤀𐤔𐤌𐤍𐤏𐤆𐤓 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤑𐤃𐤍𐤌 𐤋𐤀𐤌𐤓 𐤍𐤂𐤆𐤋𐤕

bn mlk tbnt mlk ṣdnm dbr mlk ʾšmnʿzr mlk ṣdnm lʾmr ngzlt

bin milk tabnīt milk ṣīdōnīm dabar milk ʾèšmūnʿazar milk ṣīdōnīm līʾmōr nagzaltī

son of king Tabnit, king of the Sidonians, king Eshmunazar, king of the Sidonians, said as follows: I was carried away

Runic transliteration and transcription

hᴀl

Hǫll

mᴀz

mær

 

mᴀ

ma

unᴀ

una,

 

ᴀlu

ǫllu

na

naa,

ᴀlu

ǫllu

nanᴀ

nenna.

hᴀl mᴀz ¶ mᴀ unᴀ ¶ ᴀlu na ᴀlu nanᴀ

Hǫll mær {} ma una, {} ǫllu naa, ǫllu nenna.

Leaning maiden may repose, attain everything, be pleased with everything.

Testing tone superscripting

ngo5

I

hai2

at/in

香港

hoeng1 gong2

Hong Kong

住咗

zyu6 zo2

live-PFV

jat1

one

nin4

year

我 喺 香港 住咗 一 年

ngo5 hai2 {hoeng1 gong2} {zyu6 zo2} jat1 nin4

I at/in {Hong Kong} live-PFV one year

I have been living in Hong Kong for a year (and still live here)

Testing |script=

יעקוב

yʿqwb

Ya'akov

בר

br

bar

יוסף

ywsf

Yosef

אחוי

ʾḥwy

akhui

דישוע

d yšwʿ

diYeshua

יעקוב בר יוסף אחוי דישוע

yʿqwb br ywsf ʾḥwy {d yšwʿ}

Ya'akov bar Yosef akhui diYeshua

Ya'akov son of Yosef, brother of Yeshua

𐡁𐡔𐡍𐡕

bšnt

𐡛

10

𐡗

𐡇𐡆𐡉

ḥzy

𐡗

𐡐𐡓𐡉𐡃𐡓𐡔

Prydrš

𐡌𐡋𐡊𐡀

mlkʾ

𐡗

𐡓𐡒

rq

𐡃𐡇𐡀

dḥʾ

𐡁𐡔𐡍𐡕 𐡛 𐡗 𐡇𐡆𐡉 𐡗 𐡐𐡓𐡉𐡃𐡓𐡔 𐡌𐡋𐡊𐡀 𐡗 𐡓𐡒 𐡃𐡇𐡀

bšnt 10 ∣ ḥzy ∣ Prydrš mlkʾ ∣ rq dḥʾ

In the year 10, behold, the king Priyadasi expelled vanity from among prosperous men,

Testing |wordseparator=

ᛘᛅᛚ

MAL:

ᛚᚢᛘᚴᚢᚿ

LUMKUN:

ᚱᛅᛁᛋᛏᛁ

RAISTI:

ᚴᚱᚢᛋ

KRUS:

ᚦᛁᚾᛅ

ÞINA:

ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ

IFTIR:

ᛘᛅᛚ

MAL:

ᛘᚢᚱᚢ

MURU:

ᚠᚢᛋᛏᚱᛅ

FUSTRA:

ᛋᛁᚾᛁ

SINI:

ᛏᚭᛏᛁᚱᛏᚢᚠᚴᛅᛚᛋ

TOTIRTUFKALS:

ᚴᚭᚾᛅ

KONA:

ᛁᛋ

IS:

ᛅᚦᛁᛋᛚ

AÞISL:

ᛅᛏᛁ᛭

ATI+

ᛘᛅᛚ ᛚᚢᛘᚴᚢᚿ ᚱᛅᛁᛋᛏᛁ ᚴᚱᚢᛋ ᚦᛁᚾᛅ ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ ᛘᛅᛚ ᛘᚢᚱᚢ ᚠᚢᛋᛏᚱᛅ ᛋᛁᚾᛁ ᛏᚭᛏᛁᚱᛏᚢᚠᚴᛅᛚᛋ ᚴᚭᚾᛅ ᛁᛋ ᛅᚦᛁᛋᛚ ᛅᛏᛁ᛭

MAL: LUMKUN: RAISTI: KRUS: ÞINA: IFTIR: MAL: MURU: FUSTRA: SINI: TOTIRTUFKALS: KONA: IS: AÞISL: ATI+

"Mal Lumkun set up this cross in memory of Mal Mury her foster-son, daughter of Dufgal, the wife whom Athisl married,"

᚛ᚋᚐᚊᚔ

MAQI-TTAL

ᚈᚈᚐᚂ

MAQI

ᚋᚐᚊᚔ

VORGOS

ᚃᚑᚏᚌᚑᚄ

MAQI

ᚋᚐᚊᚔ

MUCOI

ᚋᚒᚉᚑᚔᚉᚐᚉ᚜

TOICAC

᚛ᚋᚐᚊᚔ ᚈᚈᚐᚂ ᚋᚐᚊᚔ ᚃᚑᚏᚌᚑᚄ ᚋᚐᚊᚔ ᚋᚒᚉᚑᚔᚉᚐᚉ᚜

MAQI-TTAL MAQI VORGOS MAQI MUCOI TOICAC

Son of Dal, son of Vergosus (Fergus), son of the tribe of Toica

Testing single line

Template:Interlinear/sandbox: only 1 line supplied.;

Template:Interlinear/sandbox: only 1 line supplied.;

Stacking up test[edit]

(1) a.

1SG

kem

see

men

child

kem men

1SG see child

'I saw the child'

(1) b.

1SG

ke?

NEG

jen

see

men

child

ke? jen men

1SG NEG see child

'I did not see the child'

(1) c.

1SG

do

PAST.REC

jen

see

men

child

do jen men

1SG PAST.REC see child

'I just saw the child'

(1) d.

1SG

ke

??

njen

see

men

child

ke njen men

1SG ?? see child

'It was me who saw the child'

(2) a.

bag

1PL

jen

see

men

child

bag jen men

1PL see child

'We saw the child'

(2) b.

bag

1PL

ke?

NEG

jen

see

men

child

bag ke? jen men

1PL NEG see child

'We did not see the child'

(2) c.

bag

1PL

do

PAST.REC

jen

see

men

child

bag do jen men

1PL PAST.REC see child

'We just saw the child'

(2) d.

bag

1PL

ke

??

njen

see

men

child

bag ke njen men

1PL ?? see child

'It was us who saw the child'

Reformatted page content I'm excited to implement when this template is up and running[edit]

Suret
Suret language

ܛܘܼܒܲܝܗܘܿܢ

Ṭūḇayhōn

ܠܐܲܝܠܹܝܢ

l-ʾaylên

ܕܲܕ݂ܟܹܝܢ

da-ḏḵên

ܒܠܸܒ̇ܗܘܿܢ:

b-lebbhōn,

ܕܗܸܢ݂ܘܿܢ

d-hennōn

ܢܸܚܙܘܿܢ

neḥzon

ܠܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ܂

l-ʾǎlāhā

ܛܘܼܒܲܝܗܘܿܢ ܠܐܲܝܠܹܝܢ ܕܲܕ݂ܟܹܝܢ ܒܠܸܒ̇ܗܘܿܢ: ܕܗܸܢ݂ܘܿܢ ܢܸܚܙܘܿܢ ܠܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ܂

Ṭūḇayhōn l-ʾaylên da-ḏḵên b-lebbhōn, d-hennōn neḥzon l-ʾǎlāhā

Phoenician inscriptions

page: Amman Citadel Inscription

cross-referenced with https://grammar.katabiblon.com/?page=ph

1.

‮[…𐤌‎]𐤋𐤊𐤌

‮[…מ]לכם

[…m]lkm

𐤁𐤍𐤄

בנה

bnh

𐤋𐤊

לך

lk

𐤌𐤁𐤀𐤕

מבאת

mb’t

𐤎𐤁𐤁𐤕‮‎[‎…]‎

סבבת‮[…]

sbbt[…]

‮[…𐤌‎]𐤋𐤊𐤌 𐤁𐤍𐤄 𐤋𐤊 𐤌𐤁𐤀𐤕 𐤎𐤁𐤁𐤕‮‎[‎…]‎

‮[…מ]לכם בנה לך מבאת סבבת‮[…]

[…m]lkm bnh lk mb’t sbbt[…]

[…Mi]lkom, he has constructed for you the precinct entrances[…]

2.

‮[…]𐤊𐤊𐤋

‮[…]ככל

[…]kkl

𐤌𐤎𐤁𐤁

מסבב

msbb

𐤏𐤋𐤊

עלך

‘lk

𐤌𐤕𐤉𐤌𐤕𐤍‮[…]

מת ימתן‮[…]

mtymtn[…]

‮[…]𐤊𐤊𐤋 𐤌𐤎𐤁𐤁 𐤏𐤋𐤊 𐤌𐤕𐤉𐤌𐤕𐤍‮[…]

‮[…]ככל מסבב עלך {מת ימתן}‮[…]

[…]kkl msbb ‘lk mtymtn[…]

[…]that all who threaten you shall surely die[…]

3.

‮[…]𐤊𐤇𐤃

‮[…]כחד

[…]kḥd

𐤀𐤊𐤇𐤃𐤌

אכחדם

’kḥdm

𐤅𐤊𐤋

וכל

wkl

𐤌𐤏𐤓𐤁‮[…]

מערב‮[…]

m‘rb[…]

‮[…]𐤊𐤇𐤃 𐤀𐤊𐤇𐤃𐤌 𐤅𐤊𐤋 𐤌𐤏𐤓𐤁‮[…]

‮[…]כחד אכחדם וכל מערב‮[…]

[…]kḥd ’kḥdm wkl m‘rb[…]

[…]I shall surely destroy them, and all who enter[…]

4.

‮‎‎𐤅𐤁𐤊𐤋

‮ובכל

wbkl

𐤎𐤃𐤓𐤕

סדרת

sdrt

𐤉𐤋𐤍𐤍

ילנן

ylnn

𐤑𐤃𐤒‮[‎𐤌]

צדק‮[ם…]

ṣdq[m…]

‮‎‎𐤅𐤁𐤊𐤋 𐤎𐤃𐤓𐤕 𐤉𐤋𐤍𐤍 𐤑𐤃𐤒‮[‎𐤌]

‮ובכל סדרת ילנן צדק‮[ם…]

wbkl sdrt ylnn ṣdq[m…]

[…]and amidst all its columns the just shall reside[…]

5.

‮[…]𐤋

‮[…]ל

[…]l

𐤕𐤃𐤋𐤕

תדלת

tdlt

𐤁𐤈𐤍

בטן

bṭn

𐤊𐤓𐤄‮‎[‎…]

כרה‮[…]

krh[…]

‮[…]𐤋 𐤕𐤃𐤋𐤕 𐤁𐤈𐤍 𐤊𐤓𐤄‮‎[‎…]

‮[…]ל תדלת בטן כרה‮[…]

[…]l tdlt bṭn krh[…]

[…] there will hang from its doors an ornament[…]

6.

‮[…]𐤄

‮[…]ה

[…]h

𐤕𐤔𐤕𐤏

תשתע

tšt‘

𐤁𐤁𐤍

בבן

bbn

𐤀𐤋𐤌‮‎[‎…]

אלם‮[…]

’lm[…]

‮[…]𐤄 𐤕𐤔𐤕𐤏 𐤁𐤁𐤍 𐤀𐤋𐤌‮‎[‎…]

‮[…]ה תשתע בבן אלם‮[…]

[…]h tšt‘ bbn ’lm[…]

[…]ill be offered within its portico[…]

7.

‮[…]𐤅𐤔𐤋𐤅𐤄

‮[…]ושלוה

[…]wšlwh

𐤅𐤍‮[…]

ונ‮[…]

wn[…]

‮[…]𐤅𐤔𐤋𐤅𐤄 𐤅𐤍‮[…]

‮[…]ושלוה ונ‮[…]

[…]wšlwh wn[…]

[…]and safety[…]

8.

‮[…𐤋𐤌]𐤔𐤋𐤌

‮[…לם]שלם

[…]šlm

𐤋𐤄

לה

lh

𐤅𐤔‮[…]

וש‮[…]

wš[lm…]

‮[…𐤋𐤌]𐤔𐤋𐤌 𐤋𐤄 𐤅𐤔‮[…]

‮[…לם]שלם לה וש‮[…]

[…]šlm lh wš[lm…]

[…]peace to you and pe[ace…]

Aramaic inscriptions

page: Aramaic inscription of Laghman

1

𐡁𐡔𐡍𐡕

bšnt

𐡛

10

𐡗

𐡇𐡆𐡉

ḥzy

𐡗

𐡐𐡓𐡉𐡃𐡓𐡔

Prydrš

𐡌𐡋𐡊𐡀

mlkʾ

𐡗

𐡓𐡒

rq

𐡃𐡇𐡀

dḥʾ

𐡁𐡔𐡍𐡕 𐡛 𐡗 𐡇𐡆𐡉 𐡗 𐡐𐡓𐡉𐡃𐡓𐡔 𐡌𐡋𐡊𐡀 𐡗 𐡓𐡒 𐡃𐡇𐡀

bšnt 10 ∣ ḥzy ∣ Prydrš mlkʾ ∣ rq dḥʾ

In the year 10, behold, the king Priyadasi expelled vanity from among prosperous men,

2

𐡌𐡄

mh

𐡌𐡑𐡃

mṣd

𐡁𐡓𐡉𐡅𐡕

brywt

𐡊𐡅𐡓𐡉

kwry

𐡌𐡄 𐡌𐡑𐡃 𐡁𐡓𐡉𐡅𐡕 𐡊𐡅𐡓𐡉

mh mṣd brywt kwry

friends of that which is vain,

3

𐡌𐡍

mn

𐡔𐡓𐡉𐡓𐡉𐡍

šryryn

𐡃𐡅𐡃𐡉

dwdy

𐡌𐡄

mh

𐡏𐡁𐡃

ʿbd

𐡓𐡉𐡒

ryq

𐡒𐡔𐡕𐡍

qštn

𐡌𐡍 𐡔𐡓𐡉𐡓𐡉𐡍 𐡃𐡅𐡃𐡉 𐡌𐡄 𐡏𐡁𐡃 𐡓𐡉𐡒 𐡒𐡔𐡕𐡍

mn šryryn dwdy mh ʿbd ryq qštn

friends of those who fish fish-creatures.

4

𐡙 𐡝‮

200

𐡆𐡍𐡄

znh

𐡕𐡌𐡄

rmh

𐡕𐡃𐡌𐡓

Tdmr

𐡔𐡌𐡄

šmh

𐡆𐡍𐡄

znh

𐡀𐡓𐡄𐡀

ʾrʾ

𐡊𐡍𐡐𐡕𐡉

knpty

𐡎𐡄𐡕𐡉

shty

{𐡙 𐡝}‮ 𐡆𐡍𐡄 𐡕𐡌𐡄 𐡕𐡃𐡌𐡓 𐡔𐡌𐡄 𐡆𐡍𐡄 𐡀𐡓𐡄𐡀 𐡊𐡍𐡐𐡕𐡉 𐡎𐡄𐡕𐡉

200 znh rmh Tdmr šmh znh ʾrʾ knpty shty

At 200 "bows", there is over there the place called Tadmor. This is the KNPTY road, that is to say (the road) of the Garden:

5

𐡂𐡍𐡕𐡀

gntʾ

𐡉𐡕𐡓𐡉

ytry

𐡝

100

𐡜

20

𐡕𐡓𐡕𐡀

trtʾ

𐡕𐡍𐡄

tnh

𐡝

100

𐡏𐡋𐡀

ʿlʾ

𐡜

20

𐡜

20

𐡜

20

𐡜

20

𐡂𐡍𐡕𐡀 𐡉𐡕𐡓𐡉 𐡝 𐡜 𐡕𐡓𐡕𐡀 𐡕𐡍𐡄 𐡝 𐡏𐡋𐡀 𐡜 𐡜 𐡜 𐡜

gntʾ ytry 100 20 trtʾ tnh 100 ʿlʾ 20 20 20 20

more than 120 ("bow"). At TRT', here: 100. Above: 80.

6

𐡏𐡌

ʿm

𐡅𐡀𐡔𐡅

Wʾšw

𐡃𐡉𐡍𐡀

dynʾ

𐡏𐡌 𐡅𐡀𐡔𐡅 𐡃𐡉𐡍𐡀

ʿm Wʾšw dynʾ

Done with Wasu the judge

Ogham inscriptions

Page: Ogham inscription

ID Content Location Notes
CIIC 1

᚛ᚂᚔᚓ 

LIE

 ᚂᚒᚌᚅᚐᚓᚇᚑᚅ 

LUGNAEDON

 ᚋᚐᚉᚉᚔ 

MACCI

 ᚋᚓᚅᚒᚓᚆ᚜

MENUEH

᚛ᚂᚔᚓ   ᚂᚒᚌᚅᚐᚓᚇᚑᚅ   ᚋᚐᚉᚉᚔ   ᚋᚓᚅᚒᚓᚆ᚜

LIE LUGNAEDON MACCI MENUEH

"The stone of Lugnaedon son of Limenueh".

Inchagoill island,
County Galway
CISP INCHA/1[1]
CIIC 2

᚛ᚊᚓᚅᚒᚃᚓᚅᚇᚔ᚜

QENUVEN[DI]

᚛ᚊᚓᚅᚒᚃᚓᚅᚇᚔ᚜

QENUVEN[DI]

Qenuvendi, "white head", corresponding to early names Cenond, Cenondÿn, Cenindÿn[2]


See Cloonmorris Ogham stone
Bornacoola,
County Leitrim
CISP CLOOM/1[3]
CIIC 3

᚛ᚉᚒᚅᚐᚂᚓᚌᚔ 

CUNALEGI

 ᚐᚃᚔ 

AVI

 ᚊᚒᚅᚐᚉᚐᚅᚑᚄ᚜

QUNACANOS

᚛ᚉᚒᚅᚐᚂᚓᚌᚔ   ᚐᚃᚔ   ᚊᚒᚅᚐᚉᚐᚅᚑᚄ᚜

CUNALEGI AVI QUNACANOS

"Cunalegi, descendant of Qunacanos"

Island, Costello,
County Mayo
CISP ISLAN/1[4]
CIIC 4

᚛ᚂᚒᚌᚐᚇᚇᚑᚅ 

LUGADDON

 ᚋᚐᚊᚔ 

MA[QI]

 ᚂᚒᚌᚒᚇᚓᚉ᚜

L[U]GUDEC

᚛ᚇᚇᚔᚄᚔ 

DDISI

 ᚋᚑ[--]ᚉᚊᚒᚄᚓᚂ᚜

MO[--]CQU SEL

᚛ᚂᚒᚌᚐᚇᚇᚑᚅ   ᚋᚐᚊᚔ   ᚂᚒᚌᚒᚇᚓᚉ᚜ ᚛ᚇᚇᚔᚄᚔ   ᚋᚑ[--]ᚉᚊᚒᚄᚓᚂ᚜

LUGADDON MA[QI] L[U]GUDEC DDISI {MO[--]CQU SEL}

Lugáed son of Luguid

Kilmannia,
Costello
CISP KILMA/1[5]
CIIC 5

᚛ᚐᚂᚐᚈᚈᚑᚄ 

ALATTOS

 ᚋᚐᚊᚔ 

MAQI

 ᚁᚏ᚜

BR[

᚛ᚐᚂᚐᚈᚈᚑᚄ   ᚋᚐᚊᚔ   ᚁᚏ᚜

ALATTOS MAQI BR[

Alattos son of Br...

Rusheens East,
Kilmovee,
Costello
CISP RUSHE/1[6]
CIIC 6

᚛ᚊᚐᚄᚔᚌᚔᚅᚔᚋᚐᚊᚔ᚜

QASIGN[I]MAQ[I]

᚛ᚊᚐᚄᚔᚌᚔᚅᚔᚋᚐᚊᚔ᚜

QASIGN[I]MAQ[I]

Qasignias son of ...

Tullaghaun,
Costello
CISP TULLA/1[7]
CIIC 7

᚛ᚋᚐᚊ 

MAQ

 ᚉᚓᚏᚐᚅᚔ 

CERAN[I]

 ᚐᚃᚔ 

AVI

 ᚐᚖᚓᚉᚓᚈᚐᚔᚋᚔᚅ᚜

ATHECETAIMIN

 

[8]

᚛ᚋᚐᚊ   ᚉᚓᚏᚐᚅᚔ   ᚐᚃᚔ   ᚐᚖᚓᚉᚓᚈᚐᚔᚋᚔᚅ᚜

MAQ CERAN[I] AVI ATHECETAIMIN

Son of Ciarán, descendant of the Uí Riaghan

Corrower,
Gallen,
County Mayo
CISP CORRO/1[9]
CIIC 8

᚛ᚋᚐᚊᚔ 

MA[QUI

 ᚋᚒᚉᚑᚔ 

MUCOI]

 ᚉᚑᚏᚁᚐᚌᚅᚔ 

CORBAGNI

 ᚌᚂᚐᚄᚔᚉᚑᚅᚐᚄ᚜

GLASICONAS

᚛ᚋᚐᚊᚔ   ᚋᚒᚉᚑᚔ   ᚉᚑᚏᚁᚐᚌᚅᚔ   ᚌᚂᚐᚄᚔᚉᚑᚅᚐᚄ᚜

MA[QUI MUCOI] CORBAGNI GLASICONAS

Son of the tribe Corbagnus Glasiconas

Dooghmakeon,
Murrisk,
County Mayo
CISP DOOGH/1[10]
CIIC 9

᚛ᚋᚐᚊᚐᚉᚈᚑᚋᚐᚊᚌᚐᚏ᚜

MAQACTOMAQGAR

᚛ᚋᚐᚊᚐᚉᚈᚑᚋᚐᚊᚌᚐᚏ᚜

MAQACTOMAQGAR

Son of Acto, son of Gar

Aghaleague,
Tirawley,
County Mayo
CISP AGHAL/1[11] Almost illegible
CIIC 10

᚛ᚂᚓᚌᚌ[--]ᚄᚇ[--]

L[E]GG[--]SD[--]

ᚂᚓᚌᚓᚄᚉᚐᚇ᚜

LEGwESCAD

/

/

᚛ᚋᚐᚊ 

MAQ

 ᚉᚑᚏᚏᚁᚏᚔ 

CORRBRI

 ᚋᚐᚊ 

MAQ

 ᚐᚋᚋᚂᚂᚑᚌᚔᚈᚈ᚜

AMMLLOGwITT

᚛ᚂᚓᚌᚌ[--]ᚄᚇ[--] ᚂᚓᚌᚓᚄᚉᚐᚇ᚜ / ᚛ᚋᚐᚊ   ᚉᚑᚏᚏᚁᚏᚔ   ᚋᚐᚊ   ᚐᚋᚋᚂᚂᚑᚌᚔᚈᚈ᚜

L[E]GG[--]SD[--] LEGwESCAD / MAQ CORRBRI MAQ AMMLLOGwITT

Legwescad, son of Corrbrias, son of Ammllogwitt

Breastagh,
Tirawley
CISP BREAS/1[12]
CIIC 38

᚛ᚉᚑᚏᚁᚔ

CORBI

ᚕᚑᚔ

KOI

ᚋᚐᚊᚔ

MAQI

ᚂᚐᚏᚔᚇ᚜

LABRID

᚛ᚉᚑᚏᚁᚔ ᚕᚑᚔ ᚋᚐᚊᚔ ᚂᚐᚏᚔᚇ᚜

CORBI KOI MAQI LABRID

Here is Corb, son of Labraid

Ballyboodan,
Knocktopher,
County Kilkenny
[13]
CIIC 47

᚛ᚅᚓᚈᚐᚉᚐᚏᚔ

NETACARI

ᚅᚓᚈᚐ

NETA

ᚉᚉᚐᚌᚔ᚜

CAGI

᚛ᚅᚓᚈᚐᚉᚐᚏᚔ ᚅᚓᚈᚐ ᚉᚉᚐᚌᚔ᚜

NETACARI NETA CAGI

Netacari, nephew of Cagi

Castletimon,
Brittas Bay,
County Wicklow
[14]
CIIC 50

᚛ᚃᚑᚈᚔ᚜

VOTI

᚛ᚃᚑᚈᚔ᚜

VOTI

of Votus (?)
Vow (?)

Boleycarrigeen,
Kilranelagh,
County Wicklow
[15]
CIIC 180

᚛ᚁᚏᚒᚄᚉᚉᚑᚄ

BRUSCCOS

ᚋᚐᚊᚊᚔ

MAQQI

ᚉᚐᚂᚔᚐᚉᚔ᚜

CALIACỊ

᚛ᚁᚏᚒᚄᚉᚉᚑᚄ ᚋᚐᚊᚊᚔ ᚉᚐᚂᚔᚐᚉᚔ᚜

BRUSCCOS MAQQI CALIACỊ

"of Bruscus son of Cailech"

Emlagh East,
Dingle,
County Kerry
[16]
CIIC 193

᚛ᚐᚅᚋ 

ANM

 ᚉᚑᚂᚋᚐᚅ 

COLMAN

 ᚐᚔᚂᚔᚈᚆᚔᚏ᚜

AILITHIR

᚛ᚐᚅᚋ   ᚉᚑᚂᚋᚐᚅ   ᚐᚔᚂᚔᚈᚆᚔᚏ᚜

ANM COLMAN AILITHIR

"[written in] the name of Colmán, the pilgrim"

Maumanorig,
County Kerry
CISP MAUIG/1[17]
CIIC 200

᚛ᚋᚐᚊᚔ 

MAQI-TTAL

 ᚈᚈᚐᚂ 

MAQI

 ᚋᚐᚊᚔ 

VORGOS

 ᚃᚑᚏᚌᚑᚄ 

MAQI

 ᚋᚐᚊᚔ 

MUCOI

 ᚋᚒᚉᚑᚔᚉᚐᚉ᚜

TOICAC

᚛ᚋᚐᚊᚔ   ᚈᚈᚐᚂ   ᚋᚐᚊᚔ   ᚃᚑᚏᚌᚑᚄ   ᚋᚐᚊᚔ   ᚋᚒᚉᚑᚔᚉᚐᚉ᚜

MAQI-TTAL MAQI VORGOS MAQI MUCOI TOICAC

Son of Dal, son of Vergosus (Fergus), son of the tribe of Toica

Coolmagort,
Dunkerron North,
County Kerry
CISP COOLM/4[18]
CIIC 300

᚛ᚉᚒᚅᚅᚓᚈᚐᚄ 

CUNNETAS

 ᚋᚐᚊᚔ 

MAQI

 ᚌᚒᚉᚑᚔ 

GUC[OI]

 ᚅᚓᚈᚐ ᚄᚓᚌᚐᚋᚑᚅᚐᚄ᚜

NETA-SEGAMONAS

᚛ᚉᚒᚅᚅᚓᚈᚐᚄ   ᚋᚐᚊᚔ   ᚌᚒᚉᚑᚔ   ᚅᚓᚈᚐ ᚄᚓᚌᚐᚋᚑᚅᚐᚄ᚜

CUNNETAS MAQI GUC[OI] NETA-SEGAMONAS

Cunnetas, Neta-Segamonas

Old Island,
Decies-without-Drum,
County Waterford
CISP OLDIS/1[19]
CIIC 317

᚛ᚇᚑᚈᚓᚈᚈᚑ 

DOTETTO

 ᚋᚐᚊᚔ 

MAQ[I

 ᚋᚐᚌᚂᚐᚅᚔ᚜

MAGLANI]

᚛ᚇᚑᚈᚓᚈᚈᚑ   ᚋᚐᚊᚔ   ᚋᚐᚌᚂᚐᚅᚔ᚜

DOTETTO MAQ[I MAGLANI]

Dotetto, Maglani(?)

Aghascrebagh,
Upper Strabane,
County Tyrone
CISP AGHAS/1[20]
CIIC 1082

᚛ᚌᚂᚐᚅᚅᚐᚅᚔ 

GLANNANI

 ᚋᚐᚊᚔ 

MAQI

 ᚁᚁᚏᚐᚅᚅᚐᚇ᚜

BBRANNAD

᚛ᚌᚂᚐᚅᚅᚐᚅᚔ   ᚋᚐᚊᚔ   ᚁᚁᚏᚐᚅᚅᚐᚇ᚜

GLANNANI MAQI BBRANNAD

Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);

Ballybroman,
County Kerry
CISP BALBR/1[21]
CIIC 1083

᚛ᚉᚑᚋᚋᚐᚌᚌᚐᚌᚅᚔ 

COMMAGGAGNI

 ᚋᚒᚉᚑᚔ 

MU[CO]I

 ᚄᚐᚋᚋᚅᚅ᚜

SAMMNN

᚛ᚉᚑᚋᚋᚐᚌᚌᚐᚌᚅᚔ   ᚋᚒᚉᚑᚔ   ᚄᚐᚋᚋᚅᚅ᚜

COMMAGGAGNI MU[CO]I SAMMNN

Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);

Rathkenny,
Ardfert,
Corkaguiney,
County Kerry
CISP RTHKE/1[22]

᚛ᚐᚅᚋ 

[A]NM

 ᚄᚔᚂᚂᚐᚅᚅ 

SILLANN

 ᚋᚐᚊ 

MAQ

 ᚃᚐᚈᚈᚔᚂᚂᚑᚌᚌ᚜

FATTILLOGG

᚛ᚐᚅᚋ   ᚄᚔᚂᚂᚐᚅᚅ   ᚋᚐᚊ   ᚃᚐᚈᚈᚔᚂᚂᚑᚌᚌ᚜

[A]NM SILLANN MAQ FATTILLOGG

Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);

Ratass Church,
Tralee,
County Kerry
CISP RATAS/1[23]

᚛ᚃᚐ

fa

ᚐᚅ

an

ᚂᚔᚌ

lig

ᚄᚑ

so

ᚅᚐ

na

ᚂᚒ

lu

ᚐᚈᚐ

ata

ᚋᚐᚏᚔ

mari

ᚅᚔ

ni

ᚇᚆᚔᚋᚒᚄᚐ᚜

dhimusa

᚛ᚃᚐ ᚐᚅ ᚂᚔᚌ ᚄᚑ ᚅᚐ ᚂᚒ ᚐᚈᚐ ᚋᚐᚏᚔ ᚅᚔ ᚇᚆᚔᚋᚒᚄᚐ᚜

fa an lig so na lu ata mari ni dhimusa

᚛ᚑ

o

ᚋᚁᚐᚂᚂᚔ

mballi

ᚅᚐ

na

ᚌᚉᚏᚐᚅᚔᚁᚆ᚜

gcranibh

᚛ᚑ ᚋᚁᚐᚂᚂᚔ ᚅᚐ ᚌᚉᚏᚐᚅᚔᚁᚆ᚜

o mballi na gcranibh

"Beneath this stone lieth Mári Ní Dhíomasaigh from Ballycranna"


᚛ᚅᚒᚋᚒᚄ

nummus

ᚆᚑᚅᚑᚏᚐᚈᚒᚏ

honoratur

ᚄᚔᚅᚓ᚜

sine

 

᚛ᚅᚒᚋᚑ

nummo

ᚅᚒᚂᚂᚒᚄ

nullus

ᚐᚋᚐᚈᚒᚏ᚜

amatur

᚛ᚅᚒᚋᚒᚄ ᚆᚑᚅᚑᚏᚐᚈᚒᚏ ᚄᚔᚅᚓ᚜ {} ᚛ᚅᚒᚋᚑ ᚅᚒᚂᚂᚒᚄ ᚐᚋᚐᚈᚒᚏ᚜

nummus honoratur sine {} nummo nullus amatur


᚛ᚌᚔᚚ

Gip

e

ᚈᚔᚄᚓᚇ

tised

ᚔᚅ

in

ᚃᚐᚔᚇᚉᚆᚓ᚜

faidche,

᚛ᚇᚘᚐ

dia

ᚋᚁᚐ

m-ba

ᚌᚐᚄᚉᚓᚇᚐᚉᚆ᚜

gascedach,

᚛ᚌᚓᚔᚄ

geis

ᚃᚐᚔᚏ

fair

ᚐᚏ

ar

ᚈᚆᚓᚉᚆᚈ

thecht

ᚇᚔᚅᚇ

dind

ᚃᚐᚔᚇᚉᚆᚔ᚜

faidchi

᚛ᚉᚓᚅ

cen

ᚉᚆᚑᚋᚏᚐᚉ

chomrac

ᚅᚑᚓᚅᚃᚆᚔᚏ

n-oenfhir

ᚇᚑ

do

ᚃᚆᚒᚐᚉᚏᚐ᚜

fhuacra.

᚛ᚌᚔᚚ ᚓ ᚈᚔᚄᚓᚇ ᚔᚅ ᚃᚐᚔᚇᚉᚆᚓ᚜ ᚛ᚇᚘᚐ ᚋᚁᚐ ᚌᚐᚄᚉᚓᚇᚐᚉᚆ᚜ ᚛ᚌᚓᚔᚄ ᚃᚐᚔᚏ ᚐᚏ ᚈᚆᚓᚉᚆᚈ ᚇᚔᚅᚇ ᚃᚐᚔᚇᚉᚆᚔ᚜ ᚛ᚉᚓᚅ ᚉᚆᚑᚋᚏᚐᚉ ᚅᚑᚓᚅᚃᚆᚔᚏ ᚇᚑ ᚃᚆᚒᚐᚉᚏᚐ᚜

Gip e tised in faidche, dia m-ba gascedach, geis fair ar thecht dind faidchi cen chomrac n-oenfhir do fhuacra.

"Whoever comes to this meadow, if he be armed, he is forbidden to leave the meadow, without requesting single combat."


1.

᚛ᚁ

B

L

F

S

N

H

D

T

C

Q

M

G

NG

Z

R

A

O

U

E

ᚔ᚜

I

᚛ᚁ ᚂ ᚃ ᚄ ᚅ ᚆ ᚇ ᚈ ᚉ ᚊ ᚋ ᚌ ᚍ ᚎ ᚏ ᚐ ᚑ ᚒ ᚓ ᚔ᚜

B L F S N H D T C Q M G NG Z R A O U E I

An ogham abecedarium (the whole ogham alphabet)

2.

᚛ᚋᚒᚒᚉᚑᚋᚐᚂ

MUUCOMAL

ᚂᚐᚃᚔᚒᚐ

LAFIUA

ᚋᚒᚂᚂᚌᚒᚉ᚜

MULLGUC

᚛ᚋᚒᚒᚉᚑᚋᚐᚂ ᚂᚐᚃᚔᚒᚐ ᚋᚒᚂᚂᚌᚒᚉ᚜

MUUCOMAL LAFIUA MULLGUC

"Mucomael grandson/descendant of O'Maelguc"

3.

ᛘᛅᛚ᛬

MAL:

ᛚᚢᛘᚴᚢᚿ᛬

LUMKUN:

ᚱᛅᛁᛋᛏᛁ᛬

RAISTI:

ᚴᚱᚢᛋ᛬

KRUS:

ᚦᛁᚾᛅ᛬

ÞINA:

ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ᛬

IFTIR:

ᛘᛅᛚ᛬

MAL:

ᛘᚢᚱᚢ᛬

MURU:

ᚠᚢᛋᛏᚱᛅ᛬

FUSTRA:

ᛋᛁᚾᛁ᛬

SINI:

ᛏᚭᛏᛁᚱᛏᚢᚠᚴᛅᛚᛋ᛬

TOTIRTUFKALS:

ᚴᚭᚾᛅ᛬

KONA:

ᛁᛋ᛬

IS:

ᛅᚦᛁᛋᛚ᛬

AÞISL:

ᛅᛏᛁ᛭

ATI+

ᛘᛅᛚ᛬ ᛚᚢᛘᚴᚢᚿ᛬ ᚱᛅᛁᛋᛏᛁ᛬ ᚴᚱᚢᛋ᛬ ᚦᛁᚾᛅ᛬ ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ᛬ ᛘᛅᛚ᛬ ᛘᚢᚱᚢ᛬ ᚠᚢᛋᛏᚱᛅ᛬ ᛋᛁᚾᛁ᛬ ᛏᚭᛏᛁᚱᛏᚢᚠᚴᛅᛚᛋ᛬ ᚴᚭᚾᛅ᛬ ᛁᛋ᛬ ᛅᚦᛁᛋᛚ᛬ ᛅᛏᛁ᛭

MAL: LUMKUN: RAISTI: KRUS: ÞINA: IFTIR: MAL: MURU: FUSTRA: SINI: TOTIRTUFKALS: KONA: IS: AÞISL: ATI+

"Mal Lumkun set up this cross in memory of Mal Mury her foster-son, daughter of Dufgal, the wife whom Athisl married,"

4.

ᛒᛁᛏᚱᛅᛁᛋ᛬

[B]ITRA: IS:

ᛚᛅᛁᚠᛅ᛬

LAIFA:

ᚠᚢᛋᛏᚱᛅ᛬

FUSTRA:

ᚴᚢᚦᛅᚾ᛬

KUÞAN:

ᚦᛅᚾ᛬

ÞAN:

ᛋᚭᚾ᛬

SON:

ᛁᛚᛅᚾ᛭

ILAN+

ᛒᛁᛏᚱᛅᛁᛋ᛬ ᛚᛅᛁᚠᛅ᛬ ᚠᚢᛋᛏᚱᛅ᛬ ᚴᚢᚦᛅᚾ᛬ ᚦᛅᚾ᛬ ᛋᚭᚾ᛬ ᛁᛚᛅᚾ᛭

{[B]ITRA: IS:} LAIFA: FUSTRA: KUÞAN: ÞAN: SON: ILAN+

"Better it is to leave a good foster son than a bad son"


i.

᚛ᚉᚏᚏᚑᚄᚄᚉᚉ

CRRO[S]SCC

cross

ᚅᚐᚆᚆᚈᚃᚃᚇᚇᚐᚇᚇᚄ

NAHHTVVDDA[DD]S

Nahhtvdda[dd]s

ᚇᚐᚈᚈᚏᚏ

DATTRR

daughter

ᚐᚅᚅ᚜

[A]NN

[A]nn

᚛ᚉᚏᚏᚑᚄᚄᚉᚉ ᚅᚐᚆᚆᚈᚃᚃᚇᚇᚐᚇᚇᚄ ᚇᚐᚈᚈᚏᚏ ᚐᚅᚅ᚜

CRRO[S]SCC NAHHTVVDDA[DD]S DATTRR [A]NN

cross Nahhtvdda[dd]s daughter [A]nn

ii.

᚛ ᚁᚓᚅᚔᚄᚓᚄ 

BEN[I]SES

Ben[i]ses

 ᚋᚓᚊᚊ 

MEQQ

son-of

 ᚇᚇᚏᚑᚐᚅᚅ᚜

DDR[O]ANN

Ddr[o]ann

᚛ ᚁᚓᚅᚔᚄᚓᚄ   ᚋᚓᚊᚊ   ᚇᚇᚏᚑᚐᚅᚅ᚜

BEN[I]SES MEQQ DDR[O]ANN

Ben[i]ses son-of Ddr[o]ann

Kiltera Ogham Stones[edit]

᚛ᚉᚑᚂᚂᚐᚁᚑᚈ

COLLABOT

ᚋᚒᚉᚖ

MUCOI

ᚂᚒᚌᚐ

LUGA

ᚋᚐᚊᚔ

MAQI

ᚂᚑᚁᚐᚉᚉᚑᚅᚐ᚜

LOBACCONA

᚛ᚉᚑᚂᚂᚐᚁᚑᚈ ᚋᚒᚉᚖ ᚂᚒᚌᚐ ᚋᚐᚊᚔ ᚂᚑᚁᚐᚉᚉᚑᚅᚐ᚜

COLLABOT MUCOI LUGA MAQI LOBACCONA

"Of Cóelub of the tribe of Lug, son of Lubchú."[24]

᚛ᚋᚓᚇᚒᚄᚔ

MEDUSI

ᚋᚒᚉᚖ

MUCOI

ᚂᚒᚌᚐ᚜

LUGA

᚛ᚋᚓᚇᚒᚄᚔ ᚋᚒᚉᚖ ᚂᚒᚌᚐ᚜

MEDUSI MUCOI LUGA

"Medusi of the tribe of Lug."

Lydian bilingual

Page: Lydian language

1

...]

[...]

[...]

...]

[...]

[...]

[In year 10 of King Artaxerxes[25] [i.e., 395 BCE(?)] were dedicated,]

2

𐤬]𐤭𐤠𐤷

[o]raλ

ɔɾaʎ

𐤦𐤳𐤩𐤷

išlλ

iʃləʎ

𐤡𐤠𐤨𐤦𐤩𐤩𐤷

pakillλ

pakilləʎ

𐤤𐤳𐤯

ešt

eʃt

𐤪𐤭𐤰𐤣

mrud

mɾuð

𐤤𐤮𐤮𐤨

ess-k

essək

[𐤥𐤠𐤫𐤠𐤮]

[wãnas]

wãːnas

𐤬]𐤭𐤠𐤷 𐤦𐤳𐤩𐤷 𐤡𐤠𐤨𐤦𐤩𐤩𐤷 𐤤𐤳𐤯 𐤪𐤭𐤰𐤣 𐤤𐤮𐤮𐤨 [𐤥𐤠𐤫𐤠𐤮]

[o]raλ išlλ pakillλ ešt mrud ess-k [wãnas]

ɔɾaʎ iʃləʎ pakilləʎ eʃt mɾuð essək wãːnas

early in the [m]onth of Bacchus [= October–November],[26] this stele, and this [tomb],

3

𐤩𐤠𐤲𐤭𐤦𐤳𐤠𐤨

laqriša-k

lakʷɾiʃak

𐤲𐤤𐤩𐤠𐤨

qela-k

kʷelak

𐤨𐤰𐤣𐤨𐤦𐤯

kudkit

kuðkit

𐤦𐤳𐤯

išt

iʃt

𐤤𐤮𐤷

ešλ

eʃəʎ

𐤥𐤵𐤫[𐤠𐤷]

wãn[aλ]

wãːnaʎ

𐤩𐤠𐤲𐤭𐤦𐤳𐤠𐤨 𐤲𐤤𐤩𐤠𐤨 𐤨𐤰𐤣𐤨𐤦𐤯 𐤦𐤳𐤯 𐤤𐤮𐤷 𐤥𐤵𐤫[𐤠𐤷]

laqriša-k qela-k kudkit išt ešλ wãn[aλ]

lakʷɾiʃak kʷelak kuðkit iʃt eʃəʎ wãːnaʎ

and the walls/inscription, and the area opposite(?) this to[mb]

4

𐤡𐤷𐤯𐤠𐤭𐤥𐤬𐤣

pλtarwod

pʎtaɾwɔð

𐤠𐤨𐤠𐤣

ak-ad

akað

𐤪𐤠𐤫𐤤𐤩𐤦𐤣

manelid

manelið

𐤨𐤰𐤪𐤩𐤦𐤩𐤦𐤣

kumlilid

kumlilið

𐤳𐤦𐤩𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤩𐤦𐤣

šilukalid

ʃilukalið

𐤠𐤨𐤦𐤯

ak-it

akit

𐤫[𐤵𐤲𐤦𐤳]

n[ãqiš]

nãːkʷiʃ

𐤡𐤷𐤯𐤠𐤭𐤥𐤬𐤣 𐤠𐤨𐤠𐤣 𐤪𐤠𐤫𐤤𐤩𐤦𐤣 𐤨𐤰𐤪𐤩𐤦𐤩𐤦𐤣 𐤳𐤦𐤩𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤩𐤦𐤣 𐤠𐤨𐤦𐤯 𐤫[𐤵𐤲𐤦𐤳]

pλtarwod ak-ad manelid kumlilid šilukalid ak-it n[ãqiš]

pʎtaɾwɔð akað manelið kumlilið ʃilukalið akit nãːkʷiʃ

belonging(?) to Manes, son of Kumlis from Silukas's clan; so if an[yone]

5

𐤤𐤳𐤷

ešλ

eʃʎ

𐤪𐤭𐤰𐤷

mruλ

mɾuʎ

𐤡𐤰𐤨

puk

puk

𐤤𐤳𐤷

ešλ

eʃʎ

𐤥𐤵𐤫𐤠𐤷

wãnaλ

wãːnaʎ

𐤡𐤰𐤨

puk

puk

𐤤𐤳𐤸𐤠𐤸

ešñañ

eʃɲaɲ

𐤤𐤳𐤷 𐤪𐤭𐤰𐤷 𐤡𐤰𐤨 𐤤𐤳𐤷 𐤥𐤵𐤫𐤠𐤷 𐤡𐤰𐤨 𐤤𐤳𐤸𐤠𐤸

ešλ mruλ puk ešλ wãnaλ puk ešñañ

eʃʎ mɾuʎ puk eʃʎ wãːnaʎ puk eʃɲaɲ

to this stele or this tomb or these

6

𐤩𐤠𐤲𐤭𐤦𐤳𐤠𐤸

laqrišañ

lakʷɾiʃaɲ

𐤡𐤰𐤨𐤦𐤯

puk-it

pukit

𐤨𐤰𐤣

kud

kuð

𐤦𐤳𐤯

išt

iʃt

𐤤𐤳𐤷

ešλ

eʃʎ

𐤥𐤵𐤫𐤠𐤷

wãnaλ

wãːnaʎ

𐤡𐤷𐤯𐤠𐤭𐤥𐤬[𐤣]

pλtarwo[d]

pʎtaɾwɔð

𐤩𐤠𐤲𐤭𐤦𐤳𐤠𐤸 𐤡𐤰𐤨𐤦𐤯 𐤨𐤰𐤣 𐤦𐤳𐤯 𐤤𐤳𐤷 𐤥𐤵𐤫𐤠𐤷 𐤡𐤷𐤯𐤠𐤭𐤥𐤬[𐤣]

laqrišañ puk-it kud išt ešλ wãnaλ pλtarwo[d]

lakʷɾiʃaɲ pukit kuð iʃt eʃʎ wãːnaʎ pʎtaɾwɔð

walls/inscription or to whatever belong[s](?) to this tomb—

7

𐤠𐤨𐤯𐤦𐤫

ak-t-in

aktin

𐤫𐤵𐤲𐤦𐤳

nãqiš

nãːkʷiʃ

𐤲𐤤𐤩𐤷𐤨

qelλ-k

kʷelʎək

𐤱𐤶𐤫𐤳𐤷𐤦𐤱𐤦𐤣

fẽnšλifid

fãnʃʎifið

𐤱𐤠𐤨𐤪𐤷

fak-mλ

fakməʎ

𐤠𐤭𐤯𐤦𐤪𐤰𐤮

artimus

aɾdimus

𐤠𐤨𐤯𐤦𐤫 𐤫𐤵𐤲𐤦𐤳 𐤲𐤤𐤩𐤷𐤨 𐤱𐤶𐤫𐤳𐤷𐤦𐤱𐤦𐤣 𐤱𐤠𐤨𐤪𐤷 𐤠𐤭𐤯𐤦𐤪𐤰𐤮

ak-t-in nãqiš qelλ-k fẽnšλifid fak-mλ artimus

aktin nãːkʷiʃ kʷelʎək fãnʃʎifið fakməʎ aɾdimus

yea, if anyone to anything does damage, then to him Artemis

8

𐤦𐤡𐤮𐤦𐤪𐤳𐤦𐤳

ipsimšiš

ipsimʃiʃ

𐤠𐤭𐤯𐤦𐤪𐤰𐤨

artimu-k

aɾdimuk

𐤨𐤰𐤩𐤰𐤪𐤳𐤦𐤳

kulumšiš

kulumʃiʃ

𐤠𐤠𐤭𐤠𐤷

aaraλ

a(ː)ɾaʎ

𐤡𐤦𐤭𐤠𐤷𐤨

piraλ-k

piɾaʎk

𐤦𐤡𐤮𐤦𐤪𐤳𐤦𐤳 𐤠𐤭𐤯𐤦𐤪𐤰𐤨 𐤨𐤰𐤩𐤰𐤪𐤳𐤦𐤳 𐤠𐤠𐤭𐤠𐤷 𐤡𐤦𐤭𐤠𐤷𐤨

ipsimšiš artimu-k kulumšiš aaraλ piraλ-k

ipsimʃiʃ aɾdimuk kulumʃiʃ a(ː)ɾaʎ piɾaʎk

of the Ephesians and Artemis of Coloe [will destroy] the yard and house,

9

𐤨𐤷𐤦𐤣𐤠𐤷

kλidaλ

kʎiðaʎ

𐤨𐤬𐤱𐤰𐤷𐤨

kofuλ-k

kɔfuʎk

𐤲𐤦𐤭𐤠𐤷

qiraλ

kʷiɾaʎ

𐤲𐤤𐤩𐤷𐤨

qelλ-k

kʷeləʎk

𐤡𐤦𐤩𐤷

pilλ

piləʎ

𐤥𐤹𐤡𐤠𐤲𐤶𐤫𐤯

wcpaqẽnt

w̩tspakʷãnd

𐤨𐤷𐤦𐤣𐤠𐤷 𐤨𐤬𐤱𐤰𐤷𐤨 𐤲𐤦𐤭𐤠𐤷 𐤲𐤤𐤩𐤷𐤨 𐤡𐤦𐤩𐤷 𐤥𐤹𐤡𐤠𐤲𐤶𐤫𐤯

kλidaλ kofuλ-k qiraλ qelλ-k pilλ wcpaqẽnt

kʎiðaʎ kɔfuʎk kʷiɾaʎ kʷeləʎk piləʎ w̩tspakʷãnd

land and water, property and estate that are his, She [Artemis] will destroy!

  1. ^ "INCHA/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  2. ^ "TITUS-Ogamica 002". Titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  3. ^ "CLOOM/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  4. ^ "ISLAN/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  5. ^ "KILMA/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  6. ^ "RUSHE/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  7. ^ "TULLA/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  8. ^ ᚖ also [θ]: Macalister, Introduction, p. 5, and CIIC 7, pp. 9-10
  9. ^ "CORRO/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  10. ^ "DOOGH/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  11. ^ "AGHAL/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  12. ^ "BREAS/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  13. ^ "Ogham in 3D - Ballyboodan / 38. Ballyboodan". Ogham.celt.dias.ie. 2015-07-21. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  14. ^ "Titus Database Ogamica : CIIC No. 047". Titus.fkidgl.uni-frankfurt.de. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  15. ^ Marsh, Richard. "Crossoona Rath | BALTINGLASS | Places". County Wicklow Heritage. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  16. ^ "TITUS-Ogamica 180". titus.uni-frankfurt.de.
  17. ^ "MAUIG/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  18. ^ "COOLM/4". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  19. ^ "OLDIS/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  20. ^ "AGHAS/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  21. ^ "BALBR/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  22. ^ "RTHKE/1". Celtic Inscribed Stones Project. University College London.
  23. ^ Discovered in 1975. Thomas Fanning and Donncha Ó Corráin, "An Ogham stone and cross-slab from Ratass Church, Tralee", JKAHS 10 (1977), pp. 14–18.
  24. ^ Pip. "KILTERA OGHAM STONES/MEGALITHIC MONUMENTS OF IRELAND.COM".
  25. ^ Probably Artaxerxes II, but Artaxerxes I or Artaxerxes III may also be meant.
  26. ^ The Aramaic text specifies the date as the 5th of the month of Markheshvan.