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American singer-songwriter Madonna debuted in media in the 1980s.

Madonna on media[edit]

Media presence[edit]

Madonna's global Google Searches during 2010—2018 (BBC via Google Trends)

Madonna established a frequent media presence through best part of her career. During the height of her second decade in the 1990s, authors like James Robert Parish referred how she generated "news-making events",[1] and Michael Real described in Exploring Media Culture (1996) her "exposure" through magazines, newspapers and "any other medium possible".[2] Her surrounding media stir was compared by Mark Bego with that of Marilyn Monroe,[3] and her media coverage with that of Michael Jackson by Matthew Jacobs from HuffPost, further labeling it a "feat" without Internet "ever-rapid news cycle".[4] In 2018, The Daily Telegraph's Laura Craik described it as a "rare [...] conduit" in her own.[5] In Profile of Female Genius (1994), author claimed the press turned her into "the most visible, photographed, and debate female" of her time.[6] In Mythgraphy (2000), academic William G. Doty recognized her "momentary appeal".[7]

Author of Humanitarianism and Modern Culture (2010) recognized her continual presence in the "media environment" saying she is "simply there" while called her a "global celebrity since 1985".[8] In 2023, The New York Times correspondent Gary Cruz, called her ubiquity "astonishing" considering the usual "fleeting arc of pop stardom".[9] Thought she didn't recognized a cultural prominence on Madonna, in 2009, Spanish philosopher Ana Marta González acknowledged her media appearances and presence comparing that she would be more "culturally significant" than most of the people who have changed the course of history or thought.[10] Her early presence over Internet, was described by Frances Wasserlein in Madonna, Bawdy & Soul (1997) by Karlene Faith as "billions of bytes" devoted to her "all over the world".[11] In Madonnaland (2016), Alina Simone describes it as "crushing".[12]

Publishing realm[edit]

See also: List of best-selling individual magazine covers
Further information: Fashion of Madonna § Cover girl
Brazilian singer Rodrigo Sá, holding a magazine in which Madonna cover appears for Q

According to Landon Palmer, professor at the University of Alabama, her impact on popular culture include areas like the publishing realm.[13] On the other hand, in American Icons (2006), associate professor Diane Pecknold also claimed she helped popularize words and phrases in the "English lexicon" in her generation, including the term "wannabe",[14] while People staffers referred to the phrase "Get rid of it" in 1985.[15]

Madonna's early "ubiquity" in newsstands,[16] especially magazine covers was described according to Georges-Claude Guilbert by a scholar in early 1990s, as a "phenomenon worthy of analysis".[17] Speaking about the 1980s, scholar James L. Baughman attested it as "hard to find a magazine rack" without her.[18] Bego to biographer Douglas Thompson similarly agree she regularly sold "record numbers" and "huge amounts" of magazines and newspapers.[19][20]

Madonna is reportedly to have graced the covers of over 4,700 magazine worldwide up to 2020,[21] including different formats and fashion periodicals weighing six pounds.[22] Along with supermodels like Cindy Crawford, Madonna was one of the most featured cover girls of the 1980s and 1990s.[23] She was the most popular and best-selling pin-up girl in Singapore in 1989,[24] and the most commercial cover girl in the U.S. in 1992.[25] Some notable and record-breaking sales, include Entertainment Weekly's 1992 cover,[26] Vogue's 1989 cover,[27] Vanity Fair's 1997 March cover,[28] or her cover issue for W in 2003 which became magazine's best-selling edition.[29] In 2011, Madonna became fifth all-time best-selling female celebrity calendar girl on Amazon UK,[30] and third all-time best-selling woman for an UK celebrity calendar firm in 2003.[31]

Madonna and authors[edit]

Further information: Bibliography of works on Madonna

Eminent authors developed interest in the subject of Madonna, according to Third Way in 1998.[32] In 1993, Adam Sexton expressed "an author can't even write a book-length essay on the writer he's obsessed by without mentioning Madonna's name".[33] Italian writer Francesco Falconi cited her as an influence and dedicated his non-fictional debut to her with a biography in 2011.[34] Australian editor Marc Andrews, former contributor for Mediaweek was inspired by Madonna and Kylie Minogue to made his transition from local to an international publication in early 2020s.[35] Some editors and journalists devoted articles speaking about her influence in their life, including Belfast Telegraph's three Northern Ireland writers in 2018,[36] some HuffPost's editors,[37] or Uruguayan writer Natalia Mardero who a media local website called her as Madonna's "goddaughter".[38] Madonna and Me (2012) by Jessica Valenti and Laura Barcella, as noted critics Eric Weisbard and Steven Hyden, is a book about dozens of women writers tracing their relationship with her over the years.[39][40] The book Madonna: The Rolling Stone Files (1997), chronicles magazine's relationship with her up to that point.[41]

In her career, Madonna has also been inspired by some poets and authors, and various of her songs have roots in poetry and philosophy, according to J. Randy Taraborrelli.[42] According to publishing company DK, she was one of the contributors to spread interest in Rumi's poetry in her generation.[43] Madonna herself published some books, and broke some records; regarding her forays into the children literature, Ed Pilkington from The Guardian felt that "lured a host of other celebrities and publishers" into the market.[44] Novelists such as Paulo Coelho and Lynne Truss once expressed admiration to her figure.[45][46]

Visual media[edit]

MTV Generation[edit]

[She] gave the MTV Video Music Awards a still-standing reputation as home to the most shocking moments ever seen on an awards show [and] planted MTV's flag firmly in the pop culture landscape. (Thanks, Madge!).

—MTV Staff on Madonna (c. 2008).[47]

In the likes of Michael Jackson, Madonna's impact for MTV was significant in their early stage. The rise of MTV and Madonna were described as nearly "synonymous".[48] More than one author considered it as a "symbiosis", including professor Ian Inglis in Performance and Popular Music (2013),[49] as both had contributed substantially to each other's success.[50] Rolling Stone commented as Madonna morphed into the "word's most famous woman, so, too, did MTV evolve into a sleek superpower".[51] Publications ranging from The New York Times to MTV itself, agree Madonna helped set the tone for the MTV Video Music Awards followed by decades.[52][47] However, writing for National Review in 2015, David French was less impressed in how the channel have appealed Madonna's 1984 formula when pop music is supposed to be about the "now", saying "since then, it's been all Madonna, all the time".[53]

Madonna during a MTV International interview in 2019

In 1988, The New York Times's Stephanie Brush noted how she was called "the ultimate Frankenstein product of MTV".[54] Decades later, Pecknold called her "MTV ideal".[14] In 2019, Rolling Stone staffers including Bilge Ebiri and Maura Johnston, stated that she "conquered the medium" more than any other leading changing "pop culture forever".[55] In Women Icons of Popular Music (2009), Carrie Havranek made similar remarks.[48]

According to The New York Times in 2018, she gave the network more media headlines that any other artist.[52] Madonna scored various MTV records. According to El Telégrafo, "La Isla Bonita" became the most requested video in channel's history up that point, with 20 consecutive weeks.[56] According to John W. Whitehead in 2001, Madonna was the artist with "most videos released" in the network.[57] Similarly, editors of Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Culture (2005) said that "MTV plays her music videos more than any other artist's",[58] while others reported she had most videos released on Disk MTV by MTV Brasil.[59] Madonna was also defined as one of VH1's all-time top artists who personified its audience, according to an article published by Billboard in 1995.[60]

Cinema[edit]

Madonna impact was also found through film industry. Guy Lodge from The Guardian named Truth or Dare (1991) her "most significant contribution to cinema".[61] Its impact, according to Esquire's Laura Martin in 2022, is perceived in the way various filmmakers explored the world of celebrity and LGBTQ representation in film.[62] Journalists from The New York Times to The Daily Telegraph named it as one precursors of the reality television as showcast the celebrity-"reality complex".[63][64]

Her collaborative friendships with directors was remarked by Abby Dupes from Town & Country, saying she had an "uncanny ability to spot up-and-coming directors before they've hit it big".[65] Others in the industry, taken inspiration from Madonna. In the case of Mexican actress Salma Hayek, she told Hispanic press that took inspiration from her for the role in Tale of Tales.[66] Katy Perry did the same for her documentary concert film Katy Perry: Part of Me, as reported MTV.[67] Madonna is reportedly to have inspired photorealism in Avatar (2009).[68] Madonna also found impact in the industry through fashion, including Evita (1996) cited by professor of cinema studies David Desser.[69]

Pop condition[edit]

Fame[edit]

Inmediate and retrospectively, she was estimated among leading female celebrities through the 1980s and 1990s. Some of them placed her foremost among musicians, including University of Leeds' Stan Hawkins,[70] Gil Troy,[71] Arie Kaplan,[72] among others.[73] In retrospective, music critic Neil McCormick for The Daily Telegraph considered her as "really the first female global superstar" among musicians at the same time recognized other "huge female stars before".[74]

In her career, and despite difference of public perceptions and volatile condition of fame, she was both referred and discussed as arguably the most famous woman by a significant proportion of authors and media outlets. Reviewers including Vanessa Grigoriadis, Mary Gabriel, Thomas Ferraro set its background to her ambition.[75][76][77] Media citations and condition of decades was attested by Richard Koch,[78] and Georges-Claude Guilbert.[79] From Simon Frith (1993) to Frances Negrón-Muntaner (2004) and Jancee Dunn (2012) they also discussed or referred to her as such.[80][81][82] Others, including Robert M. Grant and Alina Simone made similar claims.[12] Matt Cain from The Daily Telegraph called her "one of the most famous women ever to have lived" in 2018,[83] and scholar John Izod in Myth, Mind and the Screen (2001), called her as "possibly the most famous female media star of her epoch".[84]

Recognition and criticisms[edit]

Madonna was met with further critical praise and criticisms. In Keeping the Promise (2007), she is referred as a "complex character in media culture".[85]

Early scholarly attention[edit]

Madonna rise to celebrity through the 1980s and 1990s, "spurred considerable scholarship" according to authors of The SAGE Handbook of Popular Music (2014).[86] She became the subject of media studies and communication studies,[87][86] while German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung said analyzed her was never only a domain of tabloid media.[88] In 1993, editor Annalee Newitz noted how "volumes on what Madonna's stardom" meant for issues like gender relations and American culture were written in some fields.[89] In The Madonna Connection (1993), authors also noted how various scholars analyzed her "media discourses" and "representations".[90]

Writing for The New York Times in 1998, music critic Ann Powers said she embodied to various intellectuals "celebrity itself".[91] Scholars such as Ann Cvetkovich and Ellis Cashmore further noted and referred to her as an example that revealed the "global reach of media culture" and the "expansion of media opportunities" at that time.[92][93] In 2023, Brandon Sanchez from The Cut acknowledges Madonna's role for helping "standardized" receptions and debates surrounding pop stars.[94]

Impact in celebrity culture[edit]

Madonna in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1996

Madonna also impacted celebrity culture of her time. Australian scholars Imelda Whelehan and Joel Gwynne, wrote in Ageing, Popular Culture and Contemporary Feminism (2014), that her expertise in attracting and maintaining the attention of the world's media "helped to redefine the nature of celebrity".[95] In Cashmore's words, she helped effect a change in style and the manner in which stars engaged with media.[96] Cashmore also described how her usage of "scandal" benefited other celebrities,[97] and British art historian John A. Walker similarly claimed in 2003, that her celebrity tactics were "everywhere".[98] Erin Skarda wrote for Time magazine in 2012, that "she essentially redefined what it meant to be famous in America".[99]

In her first decades, authors like Mark Bego considered she turned celebrity in her career "a role unto itself",[100] and music critic Robert Christgau similarly claimed her "celebrity [was] her true art".[14] In 2023, Michelle Orange from New York magazine stated that she innovated the "female mainstream avant-pop performance-artist superstar".[101] In 2018, W's Marissa G. Muller said she helped create the idea of monocultural (now known as viral) proto-viral moments.[102] Similarly, Darío Vico from Rolling Stone in its Spanish-language edition, called her the "first master" of viral pop and compared it with that of the Beatles.[103]

Madonna was among the emerging '80s stars that helped set a "template", "views" and "archetype" for future generations of celebrities, with publications ranging from Billboard,[104] to journalists from Pitchfork,[105] USA Today,[106] i-D and The Guardian (including Peter Robinson[107]) further giving her a foremost role.[108][109] In 1999, Entertainment Weekly staffers called her the "epitome of the modern entertainer", while two decades later, in 2019, The A.V. Club staffers referred to her "modern pop's original icon".[110]

Ambiguities and criticisms[edit]

Her condition of celebrity also raised criticisms. In 1995, American Photo magazine commented "more than anyone else, Madonna challenged the terms of celebrity for women".[111] In 2010, media theorist Douglas Rushkoff said she "has been more dependent on media backlash than it has on positive excitement or artistic achievement in the traditional sense".[112] In a '90s book about negative aspects of Madonna, author described her "raunchy" reputation as having brought her fame and fortune while calling her "Hollywood's most controversial star".[113] Similarly, author Tim Delaney considered what "set the tone for public discourse and analysis" was her "outrageous behaviour".[114]

On the other hand, in 2001, Gale's Jan Roberton also said "so much has been written about her it is impossible to tell fact from fiction".[115] In 1992, Mexican newspaper El Siglo de Torreón called Madonna the best example of a self-advertising and overexposed star in media, and cited Mariah Carey as saying that appearing everywhere often damages the image of any artist.[116]

Media manipulator[edit]

Madonna was also called a media manipulator, which earned her negative and positive commentaries. Bego called her a self-created "product of shameless media manipulation".[19] In 1995, music critic J. D. Considine, considered her "more media manipulator than musician".[117] American journalist Josh Tyrangiel said she reached her peak with the advent of Like a Prayer (1989).[118] In 1992, Telegraph Herald's Mark Brown called her the "reigning queen", although considered Sinead O'Connor was "better" at manipulating the media.[119]

In response to the label, Madonna was quoted as saying in 1991: "In the business world and in the world of politics, it's considered an asset. But in the entertainment industry, it's easier for people to deal with me by undermining my talents [...] They take everything else away from me, but give me that".[120] The label was not always accompanied of negative connotations. In 2008, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, considered her a "savvy sense of self-promotion" perhaps more than others,[121] and similarly, authors of The Beast Value Beauty Book, considered her as perhaps "the most media-savvy female performer".[122] Music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine referred to this as "one of her greatest achievements".[123][124] However, after the advent of social media, a researcher cited in 2016, that her well-received "media manipulator" image turner "inauthentic".[125]

Incidents[edit]

See also: Radio 1 Madonna controversy, Madonna on the Late Show with David Letterman in 1994, and Censorship on MTV
Press conference in Buenos Aires in 1996 for the film Evita

Author Erin Carlson compared her to Princess Diana as "one of the most famous tabloid fixtures in the world" at some stage of her career.[85] In 2022, University of Macerata scholars noted how media constantly "drawn on Madonna for sensational news" while "they have also been quite relentless in their criticisms of her".[126]

Biographer Carol Gnojewski describes how her popularity was one of the contributor to her first marriage with Sean Penn undoing.[127] Penn's case with paparazzis during their marriage was including in a Time magazine ranking with the description: "Madonna was part of what might be the paparazzi-celebrity showdown that started it all".[128] On December 2008, media informed she sued The Mail on Sunday for an alleged sum of £5 million in damages of breaching her privacy and copyright in publishing 11 pictures of her wedding with Guy Ritchie in 2000, a claim The Guardian suggested it would be the biggest payout paid in a privacy case in the country.[129] By October 2009, People informed she won the court and Associated Newspapers paid an undisclosed amount, while proceeds were announced to be donated singer's charity, Raising Malawi.[130] In her early career, in 1985, Penthouse and Playboy magazines published a number of nude photos without her permission, while they increased their print run for the Madonna issue to five million each.[131][132][133]

Madonna also earned a reputation as a "tough interviewee", according to VH1's Christopher Rosa in 2015.[134] Some of her movements also earned censure. Her appearance in 1994 at the Late Show with David Letterman became the most censored episode in American network television talk-show history.[135] Texarkana HITS 105 Radio banned her all catalog after her speech at 2017 Women's March.[136]

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Book sources[edit]

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