User:Donald Trung/Confucian coin charms

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Continued at "User:Donald Trung/List of Confucian coin charm inscriptions".

Original draft[edit]

'''Confucian coin charms''' are a category of [[Chinese numismatic charm|Chinese]] and [[Vietnamese numismatic charm]]s that incorporate messages from [[Confucian philosophy]] into their inscriptions. Generally these amulets resemble [[Cash (Chinese coin)|Chinese cash coins]] but contain messages of the traditions, rituals, and moral code of [[Confucianism]], such as the idea of [[filial piety]] (孝) and the Confucian ideals of "righteousness" (义). During the 19th century these Confucian messages were also featured on a number of 1 ''[[Vietnamese mạch|mạch]]'' [[Vietnamese cash]] coins during the [[Nguyễn dynasty]].<ref name="ThierryInscriptions">{{cite web|url= https://www.academia.edu/3442454/_The_Confucian_Message_on_Vietnamese_Coins_A_closer_look_at_the_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty_s_large_coins_with_moral_maxims_Numismatic_Chronicle_2011_pp._367-406|title= The Confucian Message on Vietnamese Coins, A closer look at the Nguyễn dynasty’s large coins with moral maxims », Numismatic Chronicle, 2011, pp. 367-406.|date=2011|accessdate=23 February 2020|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= [[Academia.edu]]|language=en}}</ref> == Themes == Confucian charms are Chinese and Vietnamese numismatic charms that depict the traditions, rituals, and moral code of [[Confucianism]], such as [[filial piety]] and "righteousness".<ref>Robertsjamesreese.com [https://robertjamesreese.com/essays/filial-piety-in-chinese-religion Filial Piety in Chinese Religion] by Robert James Reese, 2003. Retrieved: 9 May 2018.</ref><ref>Schjöth, Frederick - Chinese Currency: The Currency of the Far East.</ref><ref>Yu Liuliang et al. Zhongguo Huaqian (Chinese Amulet Coins) 509p, 1992. (in [[Mandarin Chinese]])</ref><ref>Bartleby - Home Page - Free Essays - Confucianism and Filial Piety in Chinese Culture Essay examples – [https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Confucianism-and-Filial-Piety-in-Chinese-Culture-P3JUZE43TC Confucianism and Filial Piety in Chinese Culture Essay examples]. 2916 Words 24 March, 2011 12 Pages by Duc Hoang & Professor Sandra Lee (IQS 125). Retrieved: 9 May 2018.</ref> Examples of Confucian charms would include a charm that depicts [[Shen Dao|Shenzi]] carrying firewood on a shoulder pole, open-work charms depicting stories from "The Twenty-Four Examples of Filial Piety" (二十四孝),<ref>philosophy.lander.edu (Philosophy 312: Oriental Philosophy. – [http://philosophy.lander.edu/oriental/main.html Main Concepts of Confucianism]. Abstract: The main concepts of Confucianism are discussed. Retrieved: 9 May 2018.</ref><ref>Classroom.Synonym.com - Home » Classroom. [https://classroom.synonym.com/major-beliefs-symbols-confucianism-3070.html Major Beliefs & Symbols of Confucianism] By Ricky Andromeda. Retrieved: 9 May 2018.</ref><ref>Language Log – [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=19349 "Double Happiness": symbol of Confucianism as a religion]. 8 June 2015 @ 6:45 pm · Filed by Victor Mair under Language and culture, Language and religion. Retrieved: 9 May 2018.</ref> the "five relationships" (五倫), Meng Zong kneeling beside bamboo, Dong Yong (a Han dynasty era man) working a hoe, Wang Xiang with a fishingpole. Confucian inscriptions include ''fù cí zǐ xiào'' (父慈子孝, "the father is kind and the son is filial") read clockwise, ''yí chū fèi fǔ'' (義出肺腑, "righteousness comes from the bottom of one's heart"), ''zhōng jūn xiào qīn'' (忠君孝親, "be loyal to the sovereign and honor one's parents"), ''huā è shuāng huī'' (花萼雙輝, "petals and sepals both shine"), and ''jìng xiōng ài dì'' (敬兄愛第, "revere older brothers and love younger brothers").<ref name="PrimaltrekConfucianCharms">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/confucian.html#jing_xiong_ai_di|title= Confucian Charms - Introduction to Confucius and Confucianism.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate=9 May 2018|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)}}</ref><ref>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy – [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/confucius/ Confucius]. - First published Wed 3 July 2002; substantive revision Sat 23 March 2013. Retrieved: 9 May 2018 (Wednesday).</ref><ref>ReligionFacts - Just the facts on religion. [http://www.religionfacts.com/confucianism/symbols Symbols of Confucianism]. Published: 18 March 2014. Last Updated: 1 February 2017. Retrieved: 9 May 2018.</ref><ref>Britannica.com [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Confucianism Confucianism]. Written By: Tu Weiming. Retrieved: 9 May 2018.</ref> Confucian beliefs of good fortune, longevity, gaining a high government official position, and wealth can be seen at many other categories of Chinese numismatic charms, such as Chinese charms with auspicious inscriptions, good fortune and longevity charms, [[open-work charm]]s, and chinese pendant charms, among any other categories.<ref name="PrimaltrekConfucianCharms"/> == Confucian open-work charms == {{Main|Open-work charm}} === Confucian filial piety === Some Chinese open-work charms depict the concept of [[filial piety]] from [[Confucianism]], for example there is an open-work charm which displays four stories from "The Twenty-Four Examples of Filial Piety", in these stories examples are given of how children should obey their parents and respect the elderly which are all central themes of Confucianism. These open-work charms are also part of a larger family of [[Confucian charms]].<ref name="PrimaltrekConfucianCharms"/> === Pavilions or temples === [[File:Chinese Pavilion Open-Work Charm - H.A. Ramsden (1900).jpg|thumb|right|An illustration of an open-work charm with this design.]] Open-work charms depicting pavilions and temples first started appearing during the [[Song dynasty]], and the majority of these are thought to have been manufactured in the [[Dali City|city of Dali]]. An example of an open-work charm with a pavilion in its design possibly depicts the "[[Temple of Confucius]]", within the pavilion of this charm musician is seen playing the [[guqin]] while outside of the building two men are seen playing [[weiqi]]. Outside of the pavilion [[bamboo]] plants and [[longevity stone]]s could be seen. It is believed that the people in this charm represent [[Confucius]] himself.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/05/11/chinese-pavilion-open-work-charm/|title= Chinese Pavilion Open Work Charm.|date=11 May 2011|accessdate=9 August 2017|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref><ref>Kainz, C. Chinesischen Tempelmünzen. Published in 1895. (in [[German language|German]])</ref> == Confucian messages on Vietnamese cash coins == [[File:1mach MinhMang Schr153 1ar85 (8560710835).jpg|thumb|right|A large brass [[Minh Mạng Thông Bảo]] (明命通寶) [[Vietnamese cash|cash coin]] of 1 ''mạch'' with a Confucian message on it.]] Under the [[Nguyễn dynasty]] era Emperor [[Minh Mạng]] large (often 48 millimeters in diameter) presentation coins with the inscription Minh Mạng Thông Bảo (明命通寶) were made that featured inscriptions from the [[Huainanzi]] on their reverse,<ref name="ThierryInscriptions"/> it is believed that this work was chosen because it states that a monarch or ruler should embrace both [[Confucianism]] and [[Taoism]] and attain sagehood. Because the term Minh Mạng ([[Hán tự]]: 明命) can also be translated as "bright life" or "intelligent decree" the inscription Minh Mạng Thông Bảo is commonly used on Vietnamese numismatic charms.<ref name="ThierryInscriptions"/><ref name="PrimaltrekVietnameseHuainanzi">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/11/29/the-huainanzi-and-vietnamese-coins/ |title= The Huainanzi and Vietnamese Coins.|date=29 November 2011|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.charm.ru/library/minhmanghuge.htm|title= Huge Vietnamese charm - Minh Mang Thong Bao.|date=1998|accessdate=6 July 2018|work= Vladimir Belyaev (Charm.ru - Chinese Coinage Website).|language=en}}</ref><ref name="KKNewsConfucianMinhMangThongBao">{{cite web|url= https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/culture/xrlbo9.html|title= 明命通寶天價，不服不行。|date=12 July 2016|accessdate=23 February 2020|author= Unlisted|publisher= KKNews.cc|language=zh-tw}}</ref> There are at least seventeen known varieties of this large denomination Minh Mạng Thông Bảo with a four-character inscription and 23 known varieties of the Minh Mạng Thông Bảo with an eight-character inscription.<ref name="PrimaltrekVietnameseHuainanzi"/> == Tadpole script charms == Some Confucian coin charms have inscriptions written in the [[tadpole script]] variety of [[seal script]], these Confucian coin charms convey Confucian messages or the act of honouring one's ancestors through proverbs taken out of old stories. Examples of these coin charms a Chinese numismatic charm with free inscription "bu tan wei bao" (不貪為寶) which translates into [[English language|English]] as "not being greedy is a treasure".<ref name="PrimaltrekNotBeingGreadyIsATreasure">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/01/06/not-being-greedy-is-a-treasure/|title= Not Being Greedy Is a Treasure.|date=6 January 2015|accessdate=23 February 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> This Confucian tadpole script coin charm is a reference to a story from the ''[[Zuo zhuan|The Commentary of Zuo]]'', in this story a peasant came to see [[Zi Han]] (子罕, ''zi hǎn'') who was a high level government official of the ancient [[State of Song]].<ref name="PrimaltrekNotBeingGreadyIsATreasure"/> The peasant had found a valuable jade stone of which its value was confirmed by an expert.<ref name="PrimaltrekNotBeingGreadyIsATreasure"/> The peasant wanted to present this piece of jade to Zi Han, but the official had then refused to accept the jade. In response to the stone Zi Han said to the peasant, "You consider the jade to be a treasure while I consider 'not being greedy' to be a treasure" (示玉人，玉人以為寶也，故敢獻之。).<ref name="PrimaltrekNotBeingGreadyIsATreasure"/> Further Zi Han stated that "If I receive the jade, you will have lost your treasure and I, too, will have lost my treasure.<ref name="PrimaltrekNotBeingGreadyIsATreasure"/> It would be better if both of us keep our own personal treasures" (我以不貪為寶，爾以玉為寶，若以與我，皆喪寶也。 不若人有其寶。).<ref name="PrimaltrekNotBeingGreadyIsATreasure"/> The reverse of this coin charm shows [[sycee]]s and a large number of the Chinese character "tian" (田), which means "field" as in farm land.<ref name="PrimaltrekNotBeingGreadyIsATreasure"/> The sycees represent [[silver]] and the Chinese character "tian" represents farm land which was a symbol of wealth in ancient China.<ref name="PrimaltrekNotBeingGreadyIsATreasure"/> Another example of a Confucian tadpole script coin charm has the obverse inscription ''qīng bái chuán jiā'' (清白傳家, "Pureness handed down in the family"), which is a reference to [[Yang Zhen (Han dynasty)|Yang Zhen]] (样震), a [[Han dynasty]] government official and the prefecture governour of [[Jingzhou (ancient China)|Jingzhou]] who was known for both his erudition and his impeccable moral character.<ref name="GUCNDaHuaQian">{{cite web|url= http://www.gucn.com/Service_CurioStall_Show.asp?ID=10128401|title= [藏品编号：10128401]  铜手雕蝌蚪文（清白传家）大花钱.|date=2015|accessdate=23 February 2020|author= Unlisted|publisher= 上海乐拍文化传播有限公司|language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref name="PrimaltrekLegacyOfAnUntarnishedReputation">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/06/23/legacy-of-an-untarnished-reputation/|title= Legacy of an Untarnished Reputation.|date=23 June 2015|accessdate=23 February 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> The inscription on this coin is a reference to a story where Yang Zhen while on the way to Jingzhou, had passed through [[Changyi prefecture]] (昌邑县).<ref name="PrimaltrekLegacyOfAnUntarnishedReputation"/> In this prefecture he met an old friend named [[Wang Mi]] (王密), who had came out late at night to meet him.<ref name="PrimaltrekLegacyOfAnUntarnishedReputation"/> As Yang Zhen had appointed Wang Mi as the Changyi prefecture head (昌邑县长), Wang Mi wanted to thank him by giving him [[Catty|catties]] of gold, in response Yang Zhen had refused the gold.<ref name="PrimaltrekLegacyOfAnUntarnishedReputation"/> In response to the declined offer Yang Zhen said to Wang Mi, "This old friend knows you but why is it that you do not know your old friend?" (朋友知道你，你為什麼不知道老朋友呢？) To which Wang Mi replied, "It is now the middle of the night, no one will know." (現在是深夜，沒有人會知道。), to which Yang Zhen replied, "Heaven knows, the spirits know, I know and you know. How can you say that no one would know?" (天知、神知、我知、你知，怎麼說沒有人知道呢。), after which Wang Mi departed feeling very ashamed of his words and actions.<ref name="PrimaltrekLegacyOfAnUntarnishedReputation"/> In this story Yang Zhen felt that an untarnished reputation would be the greatest legacy that he could leave to his descendants and this charm reminds its owner of this sense of Confucian moral integrity.<ref name="PrimaltrekLegacyOfAnUntarnishedReputation"/> These "Legacy of an Untarnished Reputation" coin charms first appeared in China during the [[Song dynasty]] period and usually have a diameter of 62.5 millimeters, a thickness of 4 millimeters, and they tend to have a weight of 62.9 grams.<ref name="PrimaltrekLegacyOfAnUntarnishedReputation"/> But specimens are known to have a diameter as large as around 90 millimeters.<ref name="PrimaltrekLegacyOfAnUntarnishedReputation"/> == References == {{Reflist}} == Sources == * [https://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=87111 Amulets of Vietnam] by Craig Greenbaum. Published: 2006. Retrieved: 23 February 2020. * Edgar J.Mandel. ''Metal Charms and Amulets of China''. {{Commons category|Confucian numismatic charms}} {{Chinese exonumia}} {{Confucianism}} {{Asian numismatic charms}} [[:Category:Chinese numismatic charms]] .

Not this one.[edit]

Standard reference templates[edit]

March 2020.
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  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= March 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
February 2020.
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  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= February 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
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To use[edit]

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  • <ref name="Brill2015">[https://www.academia.edu/28400259/_Silver_Copper_Rice_and_Debt_Monetary_Policy_and_Office_Selling_in_China_during_the_Taiping_Rebellion_in_Money_in_Asia_1200_1900_Small_Currencies_in_Social_and_Political_Contexts_ed._by_Jane_Kate_Leonard_and_Ulrich_Theobald_Leiden_Brill_2015_343-395 “Silver, Copper, Rice, and Debt: Monetary Policy and Office Selling in China during the Taiping Rebellion,” in Money in Asia (1200–1900): Small Currencies in Social and Political Contexts, ed.] by Jane Kate Leonard and Ulrich Theobald, [[Leiden]]: Brill, 2015, 343-395.</ref>
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    • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsDebinMa"/>
  • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsXunYan">{{cite web|url= http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3307/1/Yan_In_Search_of_Power.pdf|title= In Search of Power and Credibility - Essays on Chinese Monetary History (1851-1845).|date=March 2015|accessdate=8 February 2020|author= Xun Yan|publisher= Department of Economic History, [[London School of Economics|London School of Economics and Political Science]]||language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsXunYan"/>

More sources[edit]

  • <ref name="PrimaltrekNotBeingGreadyIsATreasure">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/01/06/not-being-greedy-is-a-treasure/|title= Not Being Greedy Is a Treasure.|date=6 January 2015|accessdate=23 February 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="GUCNDaHuaQian">{{cite web|url= http://www.gucn.com/Service_CurioStall_Show.asp?ID=10128401|title= [藏品编号：10128401]  铜手雕蝌蚪文（清白传家）大花钱.|date=2015|accessdate=23 February 2020|author= Unlisted|publisher= 上海乐拍文化传播有限公司|language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref name="PrimaltrekLegacyOfAnUntarnishedReputation">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/06/23/legacy-of-an-untarnished-reputation/|title= Legacy of an Untarnished Reputation.|date=23 June 2015|accessdate=23 February 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>

Redirects[edit]

  • #REDIRECT [[Confucian coin charm]]
  1. Confucian coin charms.
  2. Confucian coin amulet.
  3. Confucian coin amulets.
  4. Confucian coin talisman.
  5. Confucian coin talismans.
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