User:Donald Trung/Vault protector coin (鎮庫錢)/Qing Dynasty

A Da-Qing Zhenku (大清鎮庫) vault protector coin of the Qing dynasty.

This page serves as "the editing history" of the English Wikipedia article "Qing dynasty coinage#Vault protector coins of the Qing dynasty" and is preserved for attribution.

• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/935870321 .  Published. --Donald Trung (talk) 07:43, 15 January 2020 (UTC) .

== Vault protector coins of the Qing dynasty == {{Main|Vault protector coin}} [[File:Vault Protector Coin of the Qing Dynasty.png|thumb|left|A Da-Qing Zhenku (大清鎮庫) vault protector coin of the [[Qing dynasty]].]] [[Vault protector coin]]s were produced for a period of over a thousand years starting in the country of [[Southern Tang]] during the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]] and were produced until the Qing dynasty.<ref name="KKNewsVaultProtectorCoins1">{{cite web|url= https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/culture/e9b4rmy.html|title= 中國古代花錢：鎮庫錢，古代錢幣文化寶庫中的一顆明珠.|date=23 December 2016|accessdate=15 January 2020|author= Unlisted|publisher= KKNews|language=zh-tw}}</ref> Speculations exist that claim that vault protector coins might even predate this era by another millennium.<ref name="PrimaltrekSilverBanLiang">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/04/29/state-of-qin-silver-banliang-coin/|title= State of Qin Silver Banliang Coin.|date=29 April 2015|accessdate=12 January 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> These non-circulating coins were typically cast to commemorate the opening of new furnaces for casting [[Cash (Chinese coin)|cash coins]].<ref name="KKNewsVaultProtectorCoins1"/> These coins were significantly larger, heavier and thicker than regular cash coins and were well-made as they were designed to occupy a special place within the treasury of the mint.<ref name="at151">{{cite web|title=0151 清 “宝源局造”背“镇库”|url=http://auction.artron.net/paimai-art0021790151/|website=雅昌艺术网|accessdate=2017-12-25}}</ref> The treasury had a spirit hall for offerings to the gods of the Chinese pantheon, and Vault Protector coins would be hung with red silk and tassels for the [[Chinese God of Wealth]].<ref name="KedoVaultProtectorCoins">{{cite web|url= http://ask.kedo.gov.cn/c/2015-08-21/811081.shtml|title= 收藏迷带你深度游钱币博物馆.|date=21 August 2015|accessdate=14 January 2020|author= GarryKao|publisher= 蝌蚪五线谱|language=zh-cn}}</ref> These coins were believed to have charm-like magical powers that would protect the vault while bringing wealth and fortune to the treasury.<ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/06/10/vault-protector-coins/|title= Vault Protector Coins.|date=10 June 2015|accessdate=12 January 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)}}</ref><ref name="CooleCoins">"Coins in China's History", published in 1936 by Arthur B. Coole (邱文明).</ref> === Shunzhi era === Following the [[Manchu people|Manchu]] takeover of [[Beijing]] in 1644, the [[Qing dynasty]] established new mints in the city. Almost immediately did the Qing start imitating [[Ming dynasty coinage]], including vault protector coins.<ref name="KKNewsVaultProtectorCoins2">{{cite web|url= https://kknews.cc/collect/jbzlg8q.html|title= 清代鎮庫錢之順治通寶.|date=20 July 2018|accessdate=15 January 2020|author= Unlisted|publisher= KKNews|language=zh-tw}}</ref> Two central government mints were opened in Beijing and they began to cast the [[Shunzhi Tongbao]] (順治通寶) cash coins closely modeled after the cash coins of the preceding Ming dynasty.<ref name="KKNewsVaultProtectorCoins2"/> A special Shunzhi Tongbao vault protector coin was cast that was 6 centimeters in diameter and contained the [[Manchu alphabet|Manchu]] reverse inscription "Boo Yuwan" ({{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᠪᠣᠣ<br>ᠶᡠᠸᠠᠨ}}).<ref name="KKNewsVaultProtectorCoins2"/> Another variant of this vault protector coin exists which has the [[Chinese character]] "工" on the right side next to its square centre hole on its reverse side.<ref name="KKNewsVaultProtectorCoins2"/> === Xianfeng era === The [[Leizhou City Museum]] (雷州市博物館) in the city of [[Leizhou]], [[Guangdong]] and the [[Palace Museum]] in Beijing both own a Qing dynasty era [[Xianfeng Tongbao]] (咸豐通寶) vault protector coin.<ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> The reverse inscription of this vault protector coin reads Da-Qing Zhenku (大清鎮庫, which could be translated into [[English language|English]] as "Vault Protector of the Qing dynasty").<ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> These coins have a diameter of 14 centimeters.<ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> The square centre hole is 2.5 centimeters in diameter, the vault protector coin weighs 1.05 kilograms.<ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> Only 5 of these vault protector coins were ever produced and during the beginning of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]], a [[eunuch]] had stolen all of them, the aforementioned two cash coins remained in China while the eunuch sold the other 3 Xianfeng Tongbao vault protector coins for what was purported to be "a large amount of money" to a [[United Kingdom|British]] man.<ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> A description of this vault protector coin also appears in the book "Zhongguo Guqian Daji" (中國古錢大集) written by [[Hua Guangpu]] (華光普), where it is valued as being worth 1.200.000 [[Renminbi|yuan]].<ref name="XianfengTongbaoVaultProtectorCoin">{{cite web|url= http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/s/blog_681f6b1e0100u4fo.html|title= 雷州市博物馆藏的“大清镇库、咸丰通宝”大铜钱.|date=13 November 2011|accessdate=14 January 2020|author= 李龙|publisher= [[Sina Weibo]]|language=zh-cn}}</ref> The Leizhou City Museum came in possession of this coin during the 1950s, prior to this it was privately owned.<ref name="XianfengTongbaoVaultProtectorCoin"/> During the Xianfeng era another type of vault protector coins was cast by the [[Ministry of Works (imperial China)|Ministry of Public Works]] with the obverse inscription Baoyuan Juzao (寶源局造, which could be translated as "made by the Ministry of Public Works").<ref name="ArtronBaoyuanJuzao">{{cite web|url= https://m-auction.artron.net/search_auction.php?action=detail&artcode=art0021790151|title= Lot0151 - 清 “宝源局造”背“镇库”.|date=17 May 2013|accessdate=14 January 2020|author= 中国嘉德国际拍卖有限公司|publisher= 雅昌拍卖|language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> The reverse inscription of the this coin reads Zhenku (鎮庫, "vault protector coin").<ref name="ArtronBaoyuanJuzao"/><ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> This vault protector coin is very large in its size and has a diameter of 11.52 centimeters, its square centre hole is 1.8 centimeters in diameter, and it has a weight of 837.3 grams.<ref name="ArtronBaoyuanJuzao"/><ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> In 1936 [[Arthur B. Coole]] (邱文明) claimed that only four of five of these vault protector coins were ever produced by the Ministry of Public Works Mint in Beijing.<ref name="CooleCoins"/> Chinese numismatist [[Ma Dingxiang]] (馬定祥), in his book "The coins of Xianfeng" (咸豐泉匯), claims that the style of this vault protector coin is consistent to the styles of other Xianfeng era cash coinages.<ref name="ArtronBaoyuanJuzao"/><ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> Furthermore, Ma Dingxiang claims that there exists only a single other specimen of a "companion vault protector coin" that was produced simultaneously by the [[Ministry of Revenue (imperial China)|Ministry of Revenue]] Mint in Beijing.<ref name="ArtronBaoyuanJuzao"/><ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> In 2009 a Baoyuan Juzao vault protector coin was sold at an auction in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]].<ref name="BaoyuanJuzaoAuctionCFUCN">{{cite web|url= http://www.cfucn.com/ttjb/e/20130521/26623.html|title= 清 “宝源局造”背“镇库”钱赏析.|date=21 May 2013|accessdate=14 January 2020|author= Unlisted|publisher= 中华古典家具网|language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref name="ArtronBaoyuanJuzao"/> This same coin was sold at auction in the year 2013 for [[United States dollar|$]]408,279 ([[Renminbi|RMB]] 2,530,000).<ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> At the time of this auction, this sale had broken the record for the highest amount of money that was ever paid for a Qing dynasty era coin.<ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> === Qixiang / Tongzhi era === After the death of the Xianfeng Emperor, his son was crowned the [[Qixiang Emperor]], however, after only one month his reign title was changed to the [[Tongzhi Emperor]].<ref name="ArtronQixiangZhongbaoVaultProtectorCoin">{{cite web|url= https://m-auction.artron.net/search_auction.php?action=detail&artcode=art5034230504|title= Lot0504 - 大清 镇库祺祥重宝.|date=23 June 2013|accessdate=14 January 2020|author= 澳门中信国际拍卖有限公司|publisher= 雅昌拍卖|language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> Because if this only a very small number of cash coins using the Qixiang inscription was used, to commemorate the new emperor a [[Qixiang Zhongbao]] (祺祥重寶) vault protector coin were made, this coin does not have any characteristics that indicate which mint had produced it.<ref name="ArtronQixiangZhongbaoVaultProtectorCoin"/><ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> The reverse of the Qixiang Zhongbao vault protector coin contains the inscription Da-Qing Zhenku (大清鎮庫).<ref name="ArtronQixiangZhongbaoVaultProtectorCoin"/><ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> This coin had a diameter of 10.1 centimeters and a thickness of 0.47 centimeters.<ref name="KKNewsVaultProtectorCoins3">{{cite web|url= https://kknews.cc/culture/aeg2l9n.html|title= 我們一起來看看那些價值節節高升的錢幣長什麼樣？|date=31 March 2017|accessdate=15 January 2020|author= Unlisted|publisher= KKNews|language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref name="ArtronQixiangZhongbaoVaultProtectorCoin"/><ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> A Qixiang Zhongbao vault protector coin was sold at an auction in [[Hong Kong]] in the year 2013 for [[United States dollar|$]]745,755 ([[Hong Kong dollar|HK$]]5,750,000).<ref name="ArtronQixiangZhongbaoVaultProtectorCoin"/><ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> === Guangxu era === Under the [[Guangxu Emperor]] a [[bronze]] vault protector coin with the obverse inscription [[Guangxu Tongbao]] (光緒通寶) and the reverse side contains the [[Manchu alphabet|Manchu]] inscription "Boo Yuwan" ({{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᠪᠣᠣ<br>ᠶᡠᠸᠠᠨ}}).<ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> This vault protector coin has a diameter of 6.2 centimeters and a thickness of 1 centimeter.<ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/> A Guangxu Tongbao vault protector coin was sold at an auction in the year 2010 for [[United States dollar|$]]51,485 ([[Renminbi|RMB]] 319,200).<ref name="PrimaltrekVaultProtectorCoins"/>

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