User:KAVEBEAR/sandbox/J. W. Bipikane
John William Bipikane | |
|---|---|
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| Member of the Kingdom of Hawaii House of Representatives for the Second Ward of Honolulu, Oahu | |
| In office 1892–1893 | |
| Personal details | |
| Died | June 23, 1908 Honolulu, Oahu, Territory of Hawaii |
| Nationality | Kingdom of Hawaii |
| Political party | Home Rule National Liberal |
| Occupation | Politician |
John William Bipikane[1] (died 1908) was a Native Hawaiian politician of the Kingdom of Hawaii and member of the Hawaiian Patriotic League. His name is also spelled J. W. Pipikane[2] or J. W. Bihikana.[3] His Hawaiian name Bipikane or Pipikane literally translated as bull in the Hawaiian language[4][5], and he was given the nickname the "Bellowing" or "Roaring Bull" during his political career for his enthusiastic and angry speeches and his behavior which the English press identified as bull-like.[6][7][8]
Earl life[edit]
Little information is known about Bipikane's early life or career.
Bipikane was listed as one of a number of attendees at a mass political meeting on June 30, 1887 at the armory of the Honolulu Rifles. This meeting would lead to the forced signing of the Bayonet Constitution of 1887 by King Kalākaua.
Mass Meeting – Called to Discuss the Political Situation The Pacific Commercial Advertiser., July 01, 1887, Image 2
Service in the 1892 Legislature[edit]
In the general election of 1892, Bipikane ran as a candidate of the Hawaiian National Liberal Party against the Native Son Party candidate James Keauiluna Kaulia and the National Reform candidate John Kanui. During this contentious election, he was elected as a member of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Hawaiian legislature, for the second ward of Honolulu, on the island of Oahu.[10]
An American tourist Charles C. Burnett who visited and comments on Honolulu political between December 1891 and January 1892 made disparaging remarks on the state of politics and native candidates for office including Bipikane. Burnett noted, "The credulity of the Hawaiian natives is phenomenal, and is only equaled by their simplicity and ignorance."[11] He had neither met the people he disparaged and relied on quotes from The Pacific Commercial Advertiser including this translated version of a campaign speech by Bipikane.[12]
J. W. Bipikane said: "I am an ignorant man; yes, too ignorant to take bribes. Former legislators have sold their brains for money. I solemnly swear before the goddess Pele and the Shark-god that I will not receive bribes. Some one has asked me how we are going to obtain the new constitution. If we cannot get the Queen to sign our constitution, let the forty thousand Hawaiians send a petition to France, and other powers, asking them to aid us to get a new constitution. If elected, it is your duty to watch me. If I take bribes, do not hesitate to shoot me."[11]
From May 28, 1892 to January 14, 1893, the legislature of the Kingdom convened for an unprecedented 171 days, which later historian Albertine Loomis dubbed the "Longest Legislature".[13] This session was characterized by a series of resolutions of want of confidence ousting a number of Queen Liliʻuokalani's appointed cabinet ministers and debates over the passage of the controversial lottery and opium bills.[14]
The conflict with the queen's cabinet was rooted in another contention over the retention of Marshal Charles Burnett Wilson, a favorite of the queen, referred to as "King Bolabola" by his opponents. The part-Tahitian officer was extremely unpopular with the legislators especially the Liberals since many party members including Robert William Wilcox were arrested by Marshal Wilson for conspiracy before the opening of the assembly in May. Since Marshal Wilson was under the jurisdiction of the Attorney General, one of the four minister forming the cabinet, the Liberal legislators were keen on voting out any cabinets which continued to condone Wilson while the queen insisted on retaining him.[15]
In the first public meeting of Hui Aloha Aina, on March 16, 1893, Bipikane stated in a speech:
I attend nothing else but patriotic meetings. I was invited by Jno. Colburn to attend his meetings, but I declined because I had not lost my civil rights, therefore, such a league is unnecessary. I do not want anybody to come to me and say "we are annexed." I'll send him away immediately. I love my country more than anything else in this world. Wives and mothers die away, but our country lives to eternity. My love is now concentrated on my country; life itself is nothing in comparison to it.[16]
1895 Revolution[edit]
Arrested as political prisoner.[17] Released on January 1, 1896, as part of the last batch of political prisoners to be pardoned by President Sanford B. Dole. [18]
Territory[edit]
Joined Home Rule Party in 1900, unsuccessfully sought nomination but ran independently for Senator from Oahu anyway and lost. He left the Home Rule Party with Prince Kuhio. [7]
Joined the short-lived Hui Kuokoa Party established by Kuhio. After Kuhio capitulated to the Republican cause, Bipikane expressed his wish to retire from politics.[8]
In 1904, he became a member of the Democratic Party. Around this time, the PCA noted Bipikane "has been in every political party since annexation"[8]
Death[edit]
Bipikane died June 23, 1908, and was buried on Sunday, June 28, 1908.[19]
Kuakini Street
Make ia Kamaaina Kuakoa Home Rula, Vol. 6, No. 26, 26 June 1908, page 3[9]
Perfsonal life[edit]
Bipikane had two known marriages.
His first wife was named Kalua Bipikane. She died on August 11, 1895. [10]
She died around the time of his 1895 imprisonment in Oahu Prison and he was permitted to leave prison to attend her funeral.[21] On September 2, 1897, he married his second wife Kahaunaele.[22][23] His widow died on November 14, 1908, at her Honolulu residence on Kuikini Street.[24]
Unedited[edit]
However, the Hawaiians still resented the 1893 Revolution and haole political and economic domination. Consequently, in June 1900 Joseph Clark, John Kalaukoa, David Kalauokalani, James Kaulia, William Mossman, J. W. Pipikane, John Prendergast, and Robert Wilcox organized the Independent Home Rule Party to appeal to the native Hawaiians. Wilcox was selected to contend against the Re- publican's Samuel Parker and the Democrat's Prince David Kawanana- koa for the Islands' highest elective office—Delegate to the United States Congress.[25]
References[edit]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Kuokoa1908was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Allen 1982, p. 299.
- ^ Blount 1895, p. 914.
- ^ Armitage 1939, p. 72.
- ^ Pukui & Elbert 1986, p. 407.
- ^ Loomis 1963, p. 10.
- ^ "Palace Square – The Scene of Much Windy Oratory". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. January 18, 1892. p. 4.
- ^ a b "Convention Stampedes Finally For Hearst – Evening Session". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. June 7, 1904. p. 2.
- ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 359–362.
- ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 514–522, 549; Hawaii & Lydecker 1918, p. 182; Blount 1895, p. 1138; "List Of Candidates". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. February 3, 1892. p. 4.; "Legislature Of 1892". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. February 26, 1892. p. 1.
- ^ a b Burnett 1892, pp. 52–53.
- ^ Forbes 2003, p. 456.
- ^ Loomis 1963, pp. 7–27
- ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 543–545, 549–559.
- ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 526–532, 549–550.
- ^ "Native Orators". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. March 17, 1893. p. 9.
- ^ Spencer 1895, pp. 133–136.
- ^ Musick 1898, p. 234; "Prisoners Pardoned". The Hawaiian Gazette. Honolulu. January 3, 1896. p. 7.
- ^ "Local Brevities". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. June 25, 1908. p. 9.; "Local Brevities". The Hawaiian Gazette. Honolulu. June 26, 1908. p. 8.; "Bipikane Dead". The Hawaiian Star. Honolulu. June 24, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
- ^ Na Make - Nupepa Kuakoa Vol. 43, No. 26 26 June 1908. Page 4 [1]
- ^ "Local And General News". The Independent. Honolulu. August 13, 1895. p. 3.
- ^ "Local Brevities". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. September 2, 1897. p. 3.; "Local And General News". The Independent. Honolulu. September 3, 1897. p. 7.
- ^ "Realty Transactions". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. April 15, 1907. p. 6.
- ^ "Died". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. November 15, 1908. p. 5.
- ^ Hayashida & Kittelson 1977, p. 115.
Bibliography[edit]
- Alexander, William DeWitt (1896). History of Later Years of the Hawaiian Monarchy and the Revolution of 1893. Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Company. OCLC 11843616.
- Allen, Helena G. (1982). The Betrayal of Liliuokalani: Last Queen of Hawaii, 1838–1917. Glendale, CA: A. H. Clark Company. ISBN 978-0-87062-144-4. OCLC 9576325.
- Andrade, Ernest (1996). Unconquerable Rebel: Robert W. Wilcox and Hawaiian Politics, 1880–1903. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 66, 92, 97, 98, 240. ISBN 978-0-87081-417-4. OCLC 247224388.
- Armitage, George Thomas (1939). How's Your Hawaiian?. Honolulu: Advertiser Publishing Company. OCLC 687802.
- Blount, James Henderson (1895). The Executive Documents of the House of Representatives for the Third Session of the Fifty-Third Congress, 1893–'94 in Thirty-Five Volumes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 191710879.
- Burnett, Charles C. (1892). The Land of the O-o: Facts, Figures, Fables, and Fancies. Cleveland: The Cleveland Printing and Publishing Company. OCLC 2486042.
- Forbes, David W., ed. (2003). Hawaiian National Bibliography, 1780–1900, Volume 4: 1881–1900. Vol. 4. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2636-9. OCLC 123279964.
- Hawaii (1918). Lydecker, Robert Colfax (ed.). Roster Legislatures of Hawaii, 1841–1918. Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Company. OCLC 60737418.
- Hayashida, Ronald; Kittelson, David (1977). "Odyssey of Nicholas Russell". The Hawaiian Journal of History. 11. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 110–124. hdl:10524/110. OCLC 60626541.
- Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson (1967). The Hawaiian Kingdom 1874–1893, The Kalakaua Dynasty. Vol. 3. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-87022-433-1. OCLC 500374815.
- Loomis, Albertine (1976). For Whom Are the Stars?. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii and Friends of the Library of Hawaii. ISBN 978-0-8248-0416-9. OCLC 2213370.
- Loomis, Albertine (1963). "The Longest Legislature" (PDF). Seventy-First Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society for the Year 1962. 71. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 7–27. hdl:10524/35.
- Musick, John Roy (1898). Hawaii; Our New Possessions an Account of Travels and Adventure, with Sketches of the Scenery, Customs and Manners, Mythology and History of Hawaii to the Present. New York: Funk and Wagnalls Company. OCLC 21791732.
- Osorio, Jon Kamakawiwoʻole (2002). Dismembering Lāhui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2549-7. OCLC 48579247.
- Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986). Hawaiian Dictionary: Hawaiian-English, English-Hawaiian. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0703-0. OCLC 12751521.
- Spencer, Thomas P. (1895). Kaua Kuloko 1895. Honolulu: Papapai Mahu Press Publishing Company. OCLC 19662315.
- Towse, Ed (1895). The Rebellion of 1895: A Complete and Concise Account of the Insurrection in the Republic of Hawaii: The Correspondence Between Liliuokalani and the Government. Honolulu: The Hawaiian Star. OCLC 616993826.
- Towse, Edward (1895). The Rebellion of 1895: A Complete History of the Insurrection Against the Republic of Hawaii: List of Officers and Members of the National Guard of Hawaii and the Citizen's Guard. Honolulu: The Hawaiian Star. OCLC 16334257.