User:Kenatipo/Sandbox3

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Three plaques on a wall, inscribed with the lists of the archbishops. In front of the plaques is a table with two candlesticks flanking an upright cross.
List of the Archbishops of Canterbury in the Cathedral
A shield with a white y-shape overlaid over a blue background. Behind the shield are two gold bishop's crosiers in saltire and the shield is topped by a white mitre with gold design.
Coat of arms of the Archbishop of Canterbury: Azure, an episcopal staff in pale or, ensigned with a cross pattée argent, surmounted of a pall of the last, edged and fringed of the second charged with four crosses pattée fitchée sable. OR: Sapphire, an episcopal staff in pale topaz, ensigned with a cross pattee pearl, surmounted of a pall of the last, edged and fringed of the second charged with four crosses formee fitchee diamond. External ornaments: Behind the shield two gold crosiers in saltire; above the shield a white mitre with gold design.

The Archbishop of Canterbury was the head of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Canterbury. From the time of Augustine of Canterbury in 597 until the 16th century, the Archbishops of Canterbury were in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, the Pope. Canterbury was the oldest bishopric in the English church. During the English Reformation the church broke away from the authority of the Pope, at first temporarily and later more permanently. Since then the archbishops have been outside of the succession of the Roman Catholic Church's hierarchy and have led the independent national church.[1]

In the Middle Ages there was considerable variation in the manner of nominating the archbishop and other bishops—at various times the choice was made by the canons of Canterbury Cathedral, the King of England, or the Pope.[2][3] Not everyone who was nominated or elected actually became Archbishop of Canterbury — the pope, in several instances, quashed elections. A table of unsuccessful candidates is shown below.

List of archbishops[edit]

A.D. 597 to the Conquest[edit]

Archbishops of Canterbury
From[A] Until[B] Archbishop Rec'd Pallium Notes
597 26 May 604 or 605 Augustine 601 Canonised: St Augustine of Canterbury;[4] pallium from Gregory I.
c. 604 2 Feb 619 Laurence not rec'd (Laurentius, Lawrence) Canonised: St Laurence of Canterbury.[5]; consecrated (uncanonically) by Augustine and acknowledged ex post facto as his successor by Boniface IV in 610.
619 24 Apr 624 Mellitus not known if rec'd Translated from London;[6] canonised: St Mellitus.[7]
624 10 Nov
bet. 627 and 631 		Justus 624 Translated from Rochester;[6] canonised: St Justus;[4] pallium from Boniface V.
627 30 Sep 653 Honorius 634 Canonised: St Honorius;[8] pallium from Honorius I.
Mar 655 14 Jul 664 Deusdedit not known if rec'd Canonised: St Deusdedit.[9]
26 Mar 668 19 Sep 690 Theodore 26 Mar 668 (prob) Canonised: St Theodore of Tarsus;[10] consecrated in Rome by Vitalian.
29 Jun 693 13 Jan 731 Berhtwald 693 (Brihtwald, Beorhtweald, Bertwald, Berthwald, Beorhtwald, or Beretuald) Abbot of Reculver Abbey;[11] canonised: St Berhtwald;[11] pallium from Sergius I.
10 Jun 731 30 Jul 734 Tatwine after 10 Jun 731 (Tatwin, Tatuini, or Tadwinus) Canonised: St Tatwine;[12] pallium from Gregory III.
735 17 Oct 739 Nothhelm 736 (Nothelm) Canonised: St Nothelm;[13] pallium from Gregory III.
c. 740 26 Oct 760 Cuthbert 740/741 Possibly translated from Hereford; received pallium in Rome.
27 Sep 761 764 Bregowine not known if rec'd (Bregwine or Bregwin) Canonised: St Bregwin.[14]
2 Feb 765 11/12 Aug 792 Jænberht 766/767 (Jambert, Jaenbeorht, Jænbert, Jaenberht, Jaenbert, or Jaenberht) Abbot of St Augustine's, Canterbury;[15] pallium from Paul I.
21 Jul 793 12 May 805 Æthelhard 801? (Ethelhard, Æthilheard, or Aethelheard); pallium from Adrian I, Leo III?
c. Oct 805 21 Mar 832 Wulfred not known if rec'd Travelled to Rome, 814, during papacy of Leo III.
8 Jun 832 30 Aug 832 Feologild not rec'd (Feologeld) Abbot of an unknown monastery before election;[16] reigned 3 months.
c. 27 Jul 833 4 Feb 870 Ceolnoth ? long reign, no documents, Viking raids?
870 30 Jun 888 Æthelred ? (Ethelred); long reign, no documents, Viking raids?
890 2 Aug 923 Plegmund 890, 908 (Plegemund) Clerk to King Alfred;[17] pallium from Formosus (890) and Sergius III (908).
bet. 923 and 925 8 Jan 926 Athelm (Æðelhelm) Translated from Wells.
c. 926 12 Feb 941 Wulfhelm before 941 Translated from Wells; pallium from John X.
941 2 Jun 958 Oda (Odo, Oda the Severe) Translated from Ramsbury; canonised: St Oda.[18]
958 959 Ælfsige no (Aelfsige); died on journey to Rome to receive pallium from John XII.
959 dep. 959 (Byrhthelm) (Beorhthelm or Birthelm) Translated from Wells, deposed & returned to Wells.
959 19 May 988 Dunstan 960 Translated from London; canonised: St Dunstan.;[19] pallium from John XII.
988 Feb 990 Æthelgar Translated from Selsey.
990 28 Oct 994 Sigeric the Serious c.990 Translated from Ramsbury; pallium from John XV.
el. 21 Apr 995 16 Nov 1005 Ælfric of Abingdon 997 (Ælfric of Wessex) Translated from Winchester; canonised: St Aelfric;[20] pallium from Gregory V.
1006 19 Apr 1012 Ælfheah 1007(?) (Alphege, Elphege, Alfege, or Godwine) Translated from Winchester; canonised: St Alphege;[21] pallium from John XVIII(?)
1013 12 Jun 1020 Lyfing by 1018 Translated from Wells; pallium from Benedict VIII.
13 Nov 1020 c. 29 Oct 1038 Æthelnoth 1022 (Aethelnoth, Ethelnoth, Egelnodus, or Ednodus) Formerly Dean of Canterbury;[22] pallium from Benedict VIII.
1038 29 Oct 1050 Eadsige 1040 (Eadsige, Eadsimus, or Eadsin); pallium from Benedict IX.
Mar 1051 dep. Sep 1052 Robert of Jumièges 1051 (Robert Chambert or Robert Champart) Deposed; pallium from Leo IX.
after 14 Sept 1052 depr. 11 Apr 1070 Stigand btw 5 Apr 1058 and 24 Jan 1059 Concurrently Bishop of Winchester; deprived of both sees.[23] Excomm. by 5 popes, but rec'd pallium from Benedict X; deprived by papal legate Ermenfrid, bp. of Sion.
Source(s): Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 214

The Conquest to the Reformation[edit]

Archbishops of Canterbury
From[A] Until[B] Archbishop Rec'd Pallium Notes
29 Aug 1070 28 May 1089 Lanfranc 1071 Abbot of St. Étienne, Caen.
4 Dec 1093 21 Apr 1109 Anselm 27 May 1095 Abbot of Bec; Canonised: St Anselm.[24]
el. 26 Apr 1114 19/20 Oct 1122 Ralph d'Escures 27 June 1115 Translated from Rochester.[25]
18 Feb 1123 21 Nov 1136 William de Corbeil 1123 (William of Corbeil) Prior of St Osyth.
8 Jan 1139 18 Apr 1161 Theobald of Bec Apr 1139 (Tedbald) Abbot of Bec.
3 Jun 1162 29 Dec 1170 Thomas Becket 10 Aug 1162 (Thomas of London, Thomas à Becket) Previously Archdeacon of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor;[26] canonised: St Thomas of Canterbury.[27]
7 Apr 1174 16 Feb 1184 Richard 9 Apr 1174 (Richard of Dover) Prior of Dover.
tr. Dec 1184 Nov 1190 Baldwin of Forde 19 May 1185 Translated from Worcester.
tr. 29 May 1193 13 Jul 1205 Hubert Walter 7 Nov 1193 Translated from Salisbury; Lord Chancellor;[26] Chief Justiciar;[28] pal. Cel. III (?)
17 Jun 1207 9 Jul 1228 Stephen Langton 17 Jun 1207 Created a cardinal in 1206.[29]
10 Jun 1229 3 Aug 1231 Richard le Grant 15 Sept 1229 (Richard Grant or Richard Wethershed) Formerly Chancellor of the see of Lincoln.
2 Apr 1234 16 Nov 1240 Edmund Rich 2 Apr 1234 Prebendary of Salisbury; canonised: St Edmund of Abingdon.[30]
15 Jan 1245 14 Jul 1270 Boniface of Savoy sent 2 Apr 1244 Translated from Belley, France; elected by monks 1 Feb 1241; papal confirmation 16/17 Sept 1243 (Innocent IV); pallium sent 2 Apr 1244 (Innocent IV); consecrated 15 Jan 1245.
26 Feb 1273 res. 5 Jun 1278 Robert Kilwardby 8 May 1273 Created a cardinal in 1278;[31] and resigned.
19 Feb 1279 8 Dec 1292 John Peckham (John Pecham) English Provincial of the Franciscan Order.
12 Sep 1294 11 May 1313 Robert Winchelsey btw 12 Sept 1294 and 5 Oct 1294 (Robert Winchelsea) Formerly Archdeacon of Essex; Chancellor of Oxford
tr. 1 Oct 1313 16 Nov 1327 Walter Reynolds 1314 Translated from Worcester; Lord Chancellor;[32] Lord Treasurer;[33] pal. thr bp of Worc.
5 Jun 1328 12 Oct 1333 Simon Mepeham 8 Jun 1328 (Simon Meopham) Prebendary of Chichester Cathedral;[34] excommunicated.[34]
pos. 3 Nov 1333 23 Aug 1348 John de Stratford 23 Apr 1334 Translated from Winchester; Lord Chancellor;[32] pal. thr bp of Roch.
19 Jun 1349 26 Aug 1349 Thomas Bradwardine Died of plague; cons by abp of Embrun.
20 Dec 1349 26 Apr 1366 Simon Islip 25 March 1350 Prebendary of St Paul's;[35] secretary to the king and keeper of the Privy Seal;[36] pal thr bp of Norw.
tr. 24 Jul 1366 res. 28 Nov 1368 Simon Langham 4 Nov 1366 Translated from Ely; created a cardinal in 1368;[37] and resigned the see. He was elected a second time in 1374, but Pope Gregory XI refused to confirm the election;[37][38] pal. thr bp of Bath & Wells.
tr. 11 Oct 1368 Jun 1374 William Whittlesey 19 Apr 1369 (William Wittlesey) Translated from Worcester; pal. thr bp of Winch.
tr. 4 May 1375 14 Jun 1381 Simon Sudbury (Simon de Sudbury; Simon Tibold; Simon Theobold) Translated from London; Lord Chancellor;[32] beheaded during the Peasants' Revolt.[39]
tr. 31 Jul 1381 31 Jul 1396 William Courtenay 6 May 1382 Translated from London;[40] Lord Chancellor; pallium bestowed 6 May 1382.
tr. 25 Sep 1396 dep. 1397 Thomas Arundel 10 Feb 1397 (Thomas Fitz-Alan) Translated from York; Lord Chancellor; charged with high treason under Richard II, fled but restored later;[41] pallium bestowed thr bp. of Winch.
2 Feb 1398 depr. 19 Oct 1399 (Roger Walden) 17 Feb 1398 Deprived; pallium bestowed through bp. of Winchester.
restored 19 Oct 1399 19 Feb 1414 Thomas Arundel 10 Feb 1397 (Thomas Fitz-Alan) Restored by Henry IV.[41]
tr. 12 Mar 1414 12 Apr 1443 Henry Chichele 29 Jul 1414 (Henry Chicheley; Henry Checheley) Translated from St David's; pal. thr bp of Winch.
tr. 13 May 1443 25 May 1452 John Stafford 23 Aug 1443 Translated from Bath & Wells; Lord Chancellor; Lord Treasurer;[42] pal. thr bp of Roch.
tr. 21 Jul 1452 22 Mar 1454 John Kempe 24 Sept 1452 Created a cardinal in 1439;[43] Translated from York; Lord Chancellor; pal. thr bp of Lond. from Nicholas V.
tr. 23 Apr 1454 30 Mar 1486 Thomas Bourchier sent 1 Jul 1454 Translated from Ely; Lord Chancellor; created a cardinal in 1467.[44]
tr. 6 Oct 1486 15 Sep 1500 John Morton Translated from Ely; Lord Chancellor.[45] created a cardinal in 1493.[46]
tr. 26 Apr 1501 15/17 Feb 1503 Henry Deane 10 Jul 1501 (Henry Dean; Henry Dene) Translated from Salisbury; pal. thr bp of Cov. & Litch.
tr. 29 Nov 1503 22 Aug 1532 William Warham 2 Feb 1504 Translated from London; Lord Chancellor until 1515.[45]
30 Mar 1533 depr. 13 Nov 1555 Thomas Cranmer 30 Mar 1533 Archdeacon of Taunton;[47] excommunicated by Rome and deprived for heresy 1553;[47] put to death by burning, 21 March 1556.[47]
22 Mar 1556 18/19 Nov 1558 Reginald Pole 25 Mar 1556 Dean of Exeter;[48] created a cardinal in 1536.[49]
Source(s): [50][51][40][52]

List of unsuccessful candidates for Archbishop of Canterbury (to 1558)[edit]

  • NOTE: The following men are not listed by the Catholic Encyclopedia (1913) or by the Anglican Communion website as Archbishops of Canterbury, nor do their names appear on the list of Archbishops on the wall inside Canterbury Cathedral (see photo above).
List of unsuccessful candidates for Archbishop of Canterbury (to 1558)
From[A] Until[B] Name Notes
el. 666/667 668 (Wighard) (Wigheard); journeyed to Rome but died of plague before consecration.[53]
el. 1173 5 Apr 1173 (Roger de Bailleul) Abbot of Le Bec-Hellouin; elected by monks but declined the see and was absolved of election, 5 Apr 1173.
el. and enth. 27 Nov 1191 26 Dec 1191 (Reginald Fitz Jocelin) (Reginald Italus, Richard the Lombard, or Reginald Lombardus) Translated from Wells; elected and enthroned by monks on same day; not consecrated; appeals by bishops, prior and convent, against his election, were sent to Pope Celestine III, but Reginald died before they were heard.
el. bet. Jul
and Oct 1205 		bet. Oct
and Dec 1206 		(Reginald) Sub-prior; election by monks set aside by King John and quashed by Innocent III before 20 Dec 1206.
pos. 11 Dec 1205 c. 30 Mar 1206 (John de Gray) Bishop of Norwich; postulated by the monks but quashed by Pope Innocent III before 30 Mar 1206.
el. 3 Aug 1228 4/5 Jan 1229 (Walter d'Eynsham) (Walter de Hempsham); elected but set aside by King Henry III of England and quashed by Pope Gregory IX, 4/5 Jan 1229.
pos. 22 Sep 1231 20 Dec 1231 (Ralph Neville) (Ralf Nevill) Bishop of Chichester; election quashed by Pope Gregory IX.
el. 16 Mar 1232 12 Jun 1232 (John of Sittingbourne) Election quashed by Pope Gregory IX.
el. 26 Aug 1232 1 Jun 1233 (John Blund) (Johannes Blund, Iohannes Blondus, Iohannes Blundus); election quashed by Pope Gregory IX.
el. 9 Sep 1270 summer 1272 (William Chillenden) (Adam of Chillenden), Prior of Christ Church, Canterbury; elected by monks contrary king's wishes; resignation to Pope Gregory X received perhaps 16 Sept 1272.
pos. Jun or Jul 1278 by 28 Jan 1279 (Robert Burnell) (Robert Burnel) Bishop of Bath & Wells; postulation with royal assent quashed by Pope Nicholas III between 31 Dec 1278 and 28 Jan 1279.
el. 28 May 1313 1 Oct 1313 (Thomas Cobham) Election set aside by translation of Reynolds from Worcester.
nom. 24 Sep 1348 20 May 1349[54] (John de Ufford) Dean of Lincoln;[54] Lord Chancellor;[32] died of plague before consecration.[40][54]
el. 13 May 1366 — (William Edington) (William Edendon) Bishop of Winchester;[55] elected but refused to accept the archbishopric.[3]
tr. 22 Jan 1501 27 Jan 1501 (Thomas Langton) Bishop of Winchester; died 5 days after being chosen, translation incomplete.[3]
Source(s): [52][56]
Key to abbreviations in tables
bet. between
dep. deposed
depr. deprived
el. elected
enth. enthroned
nom. nominated
pos. postulated
tr. translated
Rec'd received
res. resigned

Notes[edit]

  • A All start dates are consecration dates, unless otherwise noted.
  • B All end dates are death dates, unless otherwise noted.

References[edit]

General[edit]

  • Delaney, John P. (1980). Dictionary of Saints (Second ed.). Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-13594-7.
  • Fryde, E. B. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third Edition, revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Greenway, Diana E. (1971). Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: volume 2: Monastic cathedrals (northern and southern provinces): Archbishops of Canterbury. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 4 November 2008.
  • Horn, Joyce M. (1974). Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541-1857: volume 3: Canterbury, Rochester and Winchester dioceses: Archbishops of Canterbury. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  • Jones, B. (1963). Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 4: Monastic cathedrals (southern province): Archbishops of Canterbury. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 4 November 2008.
  • Walsh, Michael J. (2007). A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West. London: Burns & Oates. ISBN 978-0-8601-2438-2.

Specific[edit]

  1. ^ The Archbishops' Council of the Church of England (2004). "History of the Church of England". Church of England. Retrieved 4 November 2008.
  2. ^ Horn Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857: volume 3: Canterbury, Rochester and Winchester dioceses: Archbishops of Canterbury
  3. ^ a b c Jones Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 4: Monastic cathedrals (southern province): Archbishops of Canterbury
  4. ^ a b Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 73
  5. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 357
  6. ^ a b Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 213
  7. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 420
  8. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 268
  9. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 154
  10. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 581
  11. ^ a b Delaney Dictionary of Saints p. 90
  12. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 571
  13. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 453
  14. ^ Williams, Ann (2004). "Bregowine (d. 764)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 November 2008. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  15. ^ Costambeys, Mario (2004). "Jænberht (d. 792)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 November 2008. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  16. ^ Hunt, William (2004). "Feologeld (d. 832)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 November 2008. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Brooks, N. (2004). "Plegemund (d. 914)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 November 2008. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  18. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints pp. 454–455
  19. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 164
  20. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 12
  21. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 28
  22. ^ Mason, Emma (2004). "Æthelnoth (d. 1038)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 November 2008. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  23. ^ Cowdrey, H. E. J. (2004). "Stigand (d. 1072)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 November 2008. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  24. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints pp. 48–49
  25. ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 232
  26. ^ a b Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 84
  27. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 595
  28. ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 71
  29. ^ Holdsworth, Christopher (2004). "Langton, Stephen (c.1150–1228)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  30. ^ Walsh Dictionary of Saints p. 169
  31. ^ Tugwell, Simon (2004). "Kilwardby, Robert (c.1215–1279)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  32. ^ a b c d Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 86
  33. ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 104
  34. ^ a b "Mepham, Simon (c.1275–1333)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. January 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help); Text "Haines, Roy Martin" ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  35. ^ Swanson, R. N. (2004). "Islep , Simon (c.1300–1366)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  36. ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 94
  37. ^ a b Simon Langham. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 22 November 2008.
  38. ^ Simon Langham. Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
  39. ^ Walker, Simon (January 2008). "Sudbury, Simon (c.1316–1381)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  40. ^ a b c Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 233 Cite error: The named reference "Handbook233" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  41. ^ a b Hughes, Jonathan (May 2007). "Arundel, Thomas (1353–1414)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  42. ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 106
  43. ^ Davies, R. G. (2004). "Kemp , John (1380/81–1454)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (revised May 2011 ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  44. ^ Clark, Linda (2004). "Bourchier, Thomas (c.1411–1486)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  45. ^ a b Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 88
  46. ^ Harper-Bill, Christopher (2004). "Morton, John (d. 1500)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  47. ^ a b c MacCulloch, Diarmaid (January 2008). "Cranmer, Thomas (1489–1556)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  48. ^ Mayer, T. F. (January 2008). "Pole, Reginald (1500–1558)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  49. ^ Mayer, T. F. (2004). "Pole, Reginald (1500–1558)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (revised January 2008 ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help)
  50. ^ Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Archbishops of Canterbury
  51. ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 87
  52. ^ a b Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 234
  53. ^ Bateson, Mary (2004). "Wigheard (d. 664x7)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 November 2008. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  54. ^ a b c "Offord, John (c.1290–1349)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004. Retrieved 21 September 2011. {{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in |format= (help); Text "Haines, Roy Martin" ignored (help)
  55. ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 277
  56. ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 235

External links[edit]


JC explains Himself! (to FVK)[edit]

Fair enough, and here's a detailed enumeration of my rationale. First off, I think a month is excessive, but it would be a one-step escalation from your previous block for edit-warring, so that's what you get. So, you admit knowing how to count to 3RR by warning another editor. But then, you ignore my invite to self-revert, even when I gave you a specific rationale for the incorrectness of your edit. Finally, you claim the other involved editor has possibly breached NPA when your tag-teaming is called... tag-teaming. 3RR is a hard limit, not an excuse to revert multiple times per day, and the single, specific intervention that you indicate knew pushed another editor towards 3RR, combined with your extensive block log for edit warring, indicates premeditation to me. Thus, you are blocked for one month--which I expect will be reduced by whichever administrator reviews this block--for a single edit, taken in context of its edit summary, the warning you issued to the other editor, your failure to extricate yourself from that dispute when invited to do so, and feigned indignation that your tag-teaming was called. Any administrator is free to set appropriate conditions or require appropriate assurances, and may reduce the block with my blessing and without needing to consult me. Jclemens (talk) 01:51, 11 July 2011 (UTC)

FVK's warning to LHM about passing the 3RR limit was genuine and sincere -- FVK knows, from personal experience, the consequences of violating 3RR. FVK doesn't bait other editors this way, at least from what I've seen. He's not devious or hateful like the now-banned editor he had been going up against. No-one violated 3RR here, and FVK was nice enough to warn another editor of his approach to it. FVK did not understand that your invite to self-revert had the force of a command from ArbCom. He may not even know you are on ArbCom. He was acting in good faith, as was Lionel, based on information received at the 3RR Noticeboard from North8000. It turns out North8000's advice was incorrect, but how is FVK supposed to know that? Since Lionel and FVK were in good faith in trying to apply what they thought was acceptable, they can't be accused of tag-teaming. It was FVK's first edit on the GYC article in ten days. Is that edit-warring? One edit in ten days? The case for "premeditation" does not hold up. And regarding the edit summary of this single edit: joining the "edit war". Do people not see the quote marks FVK put around 'edit war'? FVK did not think he was edit-warring. That's why the phrase is in quotes. FVK's indignation is not feigned when he is accused of tag-teaming; it's genuine. Isn't falsely accusing someone of tag-teaming a violation of NPA? FVK's history of edit-warring blocks is mostly due to his opposition to the disruptive, POV-pushing edits of the now-banned Salegi W. BelloWello. In my opinion, all of us who spent the past five or six months trying to control BelloWello's damage deserve barnstars, not long blocks. I'm saying that FVK's block log greatly exaggerates his "edit-warring" tendencies because he was only undoing BelloWello's disruptions. I'm sorry to have to say so, Jclemens, but interpreting every single action by FVK in the worst possible light is a failure to Assume Good Faith. This is clearly a bad block, and it should not just be decreased in length, but completely undone. --Kenatipo speak! 18:15, 11 July 2011 (UTC)
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