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[[Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg<|left|South Park logo]] South Park is a 24-block area of more than 700 structures primarily dating from the 1880s to the early twentieth century. It is located south of downtown Dayton, Ohio, just north of the University of Dayton campus and Woodland Cemetery, and east of Miami Valley Hospital. Mainly residential in character, South Park is significant because of the variety of its architecture, which includes vernacular, cottage, and high style examples, and because of its association with John H. Patterson, founder of the National Cash Register Company.

History

What is protected by the national historic registry today is not the oldest part of the neighborhood. The Oregon District to the north had once extend south to Seely's Basin/Hickory Street, with properties that still exist today that mostly date to 1860s. South Park's oldest home's are currently on the parameter of the protected district and north end of Bonner St at Hickory. South Park's oldest house, still stands at 358 Park Dr., with some parts dating back to 1840s.

Africa

Early 1800s, the area now covered by US35 was called "Africa" where Wayne(sville) Ave. and Seely's Basin intersected. This later became the location for the market house at Wayne Avenue.

Platting

The Cooper Out Lots

Though Dayton was platted in 1795, title was uncertain. Surveyor Daniel C. Cooper acquired pre-emption rights in 1801 from the Federal Government, and re-platted the town and eastern out lots in 1802.

Subsequent to the first plats Cooper platted three ranges of out lots extending south of the town to a east-west section line of the Federal rectangular coordinate survey system (later Stewart Street). Apparently Cooper owned all this property, possibly extending eastward to at least a north-south section line.

The fact that all this land was in private ownership is key, as that land subdivision did not have to follow the rectangular coordinate system, oriented to the four cardinal directions. Land could be platted via metes and bounds, with parcels in any shape.

This was the case with the Cooper out lots, which followed the lines of roads out of town to the south, and also the lay of the land, partially following a low bluff that marked the edge of the Miami river flood plain. Cooper may have thought of this rise as a good mill location,(which it was to be later). Lanes were included in the plats as access to the out lots, which later became Hickory and Brown Streets.

The topography probably drove the location of Warren Street, which is named as it led to Warren County to the south. The direct route out of Dayton, following Main Street, would have encountered Fair Grounds Hill, which would be a substantial grade to climb for freighter wagons and stages heading toward Cincinnati during the pre-canal era.

An alternative lower slope route out of the city lay to the east, between Fair Grounds Hill and what is now Woodland Cemetery. Warren Street angles southeast to take advantage of this gap.

There also was probably some sort of intermittent stream or watercourse that followed this route from the east, across today’s South Park.

Canal Era Plats and Out Lots

Though growing, Dayton did not grow beyond its original town plat until the arrival of the Miami and Erie Canal in 1829. The canal followed the route of an old tailrace, which followed the course of a slough or floodway between the Mad River and Great Miami. This tailrace was in existence as late as 1839, according to the map below.

The executors of Cooper’s estate platted additional out lots in 1827, possibly anticipating the canal, or in reaction to population growth in Dayton. These out lots cover much of present South Park. The out lots follow the orientation established by the Cooper plat along Hickory Street, but shift to an east-west orientation further south.

Seely’s Basin

Future Dayton Mayor and son-in-law of William A. Huffman, Morris Seely, had Seely's Basin built 1832 in order to benefit property along which it ran.

The canal built by Morris Seely in 1832, and first known as Seely's Basin, then Seely's folly, Seely's ditch, the old ditch, and now as " the ditch." was an enterprise intended by Mr. Seely to benefit the property through which it ran.

The water was taken from the canal at the east side of Wayne street. immediately at the bridge, then running south along the east side of Wayne to near Lodwick street (Fifth), thence southeasterly across Lodwick to Simpson street, and east along the north side of Simpson, crossing Plum and Pearl streets where a basin was formed extending up to Lodwick street (Fifth). From Simpson street, the race led south between Mad River and Pearl streets. crossing Wayne at Richard street and following its present course to Warren street and to the old basin at the Fair Ground Hill.

Mr. Seely's vision was that property along this race, especially where wharves and docks could be constructed, would be greatly enhanced in value.

By ca.1860, the encroaching development from the north, what is now the Oregon District neighborhood had been plotted and settled as far south as Seely's Basin. Main roads encompassing the area would eventually foretell the neighborhood which would continue south to Woodland Cemetery.

James and Johnson Perrine

Most of what today is South Park wasn't developed until the early 1880s–1900s.

Slidertown

The origins of the name Slidertown may have complicated history. An 1849 Dayton publication B'Hoy (B'hoy_and_g'hal) makes reference to a location called Slyder town, which would indicate a possible surname. But what is called South Park today didn't see an almost complete development for another 40 years. So this indicate the name Slyder not only migrated terms, but location reference. What we do know of today the final name and reference lies with South Park and the spelling Slidertown. With these later references, we derive the term corresponded with lack of prosperity and health. Others would indicate the proximity of the south side city's infirmary, known then as Deaconess Hospital, would support the notion those with communicable diseases were quarantined. <note>This location would eventual become Dayton's Level 1 trauma hospital, Miami Valley Hospital.</note>

John H. Patterson

Main article: John Henry Patterson (NCR owner)

When Patterson began to develop his NCR factory complex on South Main Street, close to Slidertown, it attracted youthful nuisances from Slidertown who broke the glass windows on his new factories and damaged lanscaping. So, in understanding how to deal with the situation, Patterson gave the boys something else to do by sponsoring community gardens and other beautification projects. Slidertown was also causing problems with getting skilled laborers to live close to the factories, because no one wanted to live in Slidertown due to the crime. Like the troublesome boys, Patterson approached the Slidertown problem by example and reward. Patterson started improving his own factory grounds and surroundings, and offered landscaping classes, plants and then prizes to best landscaping for Slidertown. Eventually Slidertown became South Park turning into a pleasant, garden-filled community where factory workers lived side-by-side with supervisors and Patterson's right-hand men. The late Frederick Law Olmsted, walking along the streets of this quarter, declared that, considering the size of the lots, it was the most beautiful street he had ever seen. Patterson also would own many of the smaller cottages throughout South Park to provide his single, male workers a place to live under strict conditions of living as a model citizen.

Until the advent of the automobile enabled NCR workers to move further afield, the neighborhood continued to be associated with Patterson's firm, and many company picnics and other functions took place on Park Drive Boulevard in the heart of the district.

1913 Flood

Main article: Great Dayton Flood

South Park is approximately X from the Great Miami River, and is considered partially in the flood plain. In a series of storm events leading up to March 23, 1913, South Park would not be out of range of this historic and record flood.

Urban Sprawl

Main article: White Flight

As cities suburbs begin to develop to handle the populations, newer technologies in form of transportation and better homes, enticed the city inhabitance to the change the scenery, leaving the older homes for better amenities, lowering the value of these older homes and changing the demographics. In time, the Dayton area will continue to see change that would effect the urban communities. Inner city highways and government renewal projects would start to change and erase the physical features the communities once had, ironically, sometimes decreasing the value and desirability of the neighborhood. South Park was no exception. In 1963, the City of Dayton started a project that ran SR35 through the once connected Oregon District and South Park, and dividing the neighborhood.

Historic District

On August 23, 1984, South Park was registered on the National Register of Historic Places, bounding streets Park Dr., Morton Ave., Hickory St., and Wayne Ave. (No. 84003794). On July 16, 1988, this expanded to encompass Wyoming St., Nathan Pl., Oak St., Alberta St. and Blaine St. (No. 88000857). City of Dayton Ordinance #26219.

Urban Renewal

Main article: Gentrification

As older neighborhoods gain National Historic recognition, efforts from individual citizen investors to city subsidized renovations start to take place throughout Dayton. A slow process of salvaging older homes starts to take place.

Today

In 2007, South Park was chosen by the Dayton chapter of the American Institute of Architects as its community partner. This resulted in the creation of housing designs and landscaping concepts consistent with South Park's participation in Rehabarama in both 2001 and 2007.

Architecture

Structures

Main article: Structures of South Park, Dayton, Ohio

The architecture of South Park includes examples of American Craftsman, Second Empire, High Victorian Italianate, Queen Anne, Federal and Romanesque Revival in one- and two-story structures of brick and frame. South Park still preserves a sense of close-knit neighborhood whose residents cooperate to maintain the many neighborhood parks which give the district its special flavor.

Breweries

• The Dayton Breweries Co., Jacob Stickle Brewery of Dayton, Ohio 1856–1920
  713 South Warren & Brown St
• Hollenkamp Products Company of Dayton, Ohio 1852–1953 (1958 fire)
  800/816 South Brown St
  Photos and bios of Hollenkamp brewery
• Bergmann & Tettmann of Dayton, OH 1866–1882
  65 Quitman Between Xenia Ave & Clover St
• Schiml & Bucher, Wayne Street Brewery of Dayton, OH 1852–1902
  739 Wayne St NW corner at Hickory St.

Churches

• St. Andrews Episcopal Church (Warren/Monroe/Burns) William Lutzenberger Collection
• Wayne Ave Presbyterian Church (Wayne/Park)
• Hope Lutheran (Hickory/Bonner)
• Oak Street United Brethren (Oak/Bonner/Jay)
• Bethany (Brown/Alberta)
• Nazarene (Buckeye/Pulaski)

Houses

358 Park

Schools

• Emmerson (1870-1925?)
• Emmerson (19??)
• Patterson/Kennedy

Store Fronts

Kroger

Landscape

Commisioned by Patterson, 1910s, John Charles Olmsted was responsible for the layout of Park Drive's landscape. This boulevard once adorned a fountain centerpiece and waterway running through its middle.

Parks

• Name
• Park Drive Boulevard
• Blommel
• Burns-Jackson

People

Street Names

Dayton politicians and entrepreneurs who have had South Park Streets named after them:

• James Perrine
• Johnson Perrine
• Brabham (Alberta)
• Bonner
• S.N. Brown
• Patterson (Park)

Celebrities

Famous people who once called South Park home:

• Paul Laurence Dunbar
• Franklin Sousley
• Martin Sheen

References

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External links

• South Park Historic District
• Preservation Dayton
• City of Dayton's Official Website
• John Charles Olmsted Website