User:Mr. Ibrahem/Chlortalidone

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Not to be confused with Chlorothiazide.
Mr. Ibrahem/Chlortalidone
Clinical data
Trade namesHygroton, Thalitone, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682342
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classThiazide diuretic
Legal status
Legal status
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding75%
Elimination half-life40-60 hours[1]
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (RS)-2-Chloro-5-(1-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl)benzene-1-sulfonamide
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC14H11ClN2O4S
Molar mass338.76 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
  • O=S(=O)(N)c1c(Cl)ccc(c1)C2(O)c3ccccc3C(=O)N2
  • InChI=1S/C14H11ClN2O4S/c15-11-6-5-8(7-12(11)22(16,20)21)14(19)10-4-2-1-3-9(10)13(18)17-14/h1-7,19H,(H,17,18)(H2,16,20,21) checkY
  • Key:JIVPVXMEBJLZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Chlortalidone, also known as chlorthalidone, is a diuretic medication used to treat high blood pressure, swelling including that due to heart failure, liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, and renal tubular acidosis.[2][3] In high blood pressure it is a preferred initial treatment.[2] It is also used to prevent calcium-based kidney stones.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2] Effects generally begin within three hours and last for up to three days.[2]

Common side effects include low blood potassium, low blood sodium, high blood sugar, dizziness, and erectile dysfunction.[2][3][4] Other side effects may include gout, low blood magnesium, high blood calcium, allergic reactions, and low blood pressure.[2][3][6] Some reviews have found chlortalidone to have a higher risk of side effects than hydrochlorothiazide,[7][8] while other reviews have found a similar risk.[9][10] While it may be used in pregnancy it is a less preferred option.[2] It is specifically a thiazide-like diuretic.[7] How it works is not completely clear but is believed to involve increasing the amount of sodium and water lost by the kidneys.[2]

Chlortalidone was patented in 1957 and came into medical use in 1960.[11] It is available as a generic medication.[3] In the United States the wholesale cost is about US$13.50 a month.[12] In 2017, it was the 173rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than three million prescriptions.[13][14]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Benowitz, Neal L. (2020). "11. Antihypertensive agents". In Katzung, Bertram G.; Trevor, Anthony J. (eds.). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-260-45231-0.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Chlorthalidone Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 229–230. ISBN 9780857113382.
  4. ^ a b Liamis G, Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS (February 2016). "Thiazide-associated hyponatremia in the elderly: what the clinician needs to know". Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. 13 (2): 175–82. doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2016.02.001. PMC 4854958. PMID 27168745.
  5. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  6. ^ "Chlorthalidone" (PDF). FDA. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  7. ^ a b Acelajado MC, Hughes ZH, Oparil S, Calhoun DA (March 2019). "Treatment of Resistant and Refractory Hypertension". Circ. Res. 124 (7): 1061–1070. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312156. PMC 6469348. PMID 30920924. A long-acting thiazide-like diuretic, specifically chlorthalidone, if available, is recommended over hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) given its superior efficacy and clear benefit demonstrated in multiple outcome studies of hypertension.
  8. ^ Springer K (December 2015). "Chlorthalidone vs. Hydrochlorothiazide for Treatment of Hypertension". American Family Physician. 92 (11): 1015–6. PMID 26760416.
  9. ^ Dineva S, Uzunova K, Pavlova V, Filipova E, Kalinov K, Vekov T (November 2019). "Comparative efficacy and safety of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide-meta-analysis". Journal of Human Hypertension. 33 (11): 766–774. doi:10.1038/s41371-019-0255-2. PMC 6892412. PMID 31595024.
  10. ^ Roush GC, Abdelfattah R, Song S, Ernst ME, Sica DA, Kostis JB (October 2018). "Hydrochlorothiazide vs chlorthalidone, indapamide, and potassium-sparing/hydrochlorothiazide diuretics for reducing left ventricular hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 20 (10): 1507–1515. doi:10.1111/jch.13386. PMID 30251403.
  11. ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 457. ISBN 9783527607495.
  12. ^ "NADAC as of 2019-02-27". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  13. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  14. ^ "Chlorthalidone - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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