User:Mr. Ibrahem/Fluconazole
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a690002 |
| License data |
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| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, IV, topical |
| Drug class | Azole antifungal[1] |
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| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | >90% (by mouth) |
| Protein binding | 11–12% |
| Metabolism | liver 11% |
| Elimination half-life | 30 hours (range 20–50 hours) |
| Excretion | kidney 61–88% |
| Identifiers | |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C13H12F2N6O |
| Molar mass | 306.271 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 139[2] °C (282 °F) |
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Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used for a number of fungal infections.[1] This includes candidiasis, blastomycosis, coccidiodomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, dermatophytosis, and pityriasis versicolor.[1] It is also used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk such as following organ transplantation, low birth weight babies, and those with low blood neutrophil counts.[1] It is given either by mouth or by injection into a vein.[1]
Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and increased liver enzymes.[1] Serious side effects may include liver problems, QT prolongation, and seizures.[1] During pregnancy it may increase the risk of miscarriage while large doses may cause birth defects.[4][1] Its use in the first trimester is thus not recommended.[5] Fluconazole is in the azole antifungal family of medication.[1] It is believed to work by affecting the fungal cellular membrane.[1]
Fluconazole was patented in 1981 and came into commercial use in 1988.[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] Fluconazole is available as a generic medication.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.05–0.10 per day.[8] In the United States the wholesale price is about US$1.14–1.75 per day as of 2016.[9] In 2017, it was the 182nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than three million prescriptions.[10][11]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Fluconazole". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ Surov, Artem O.; Voronin, Alexander P.; Vasilev, Nikita A.; Churakov, Andrei V.; Perlovich, German L. (20 December 2019). "Cocrystals of Fluconazole with Aromatic Carboxylic Acids: Competition between Anhydrous and Hydrated Solid Forms". Crystal Growth & Design. 20 (2): 1218–1228. doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01490.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
WHO2020DDDwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Fluconazole (Diflucan): Drug Safety Communication - FDA Evaluating Study Examining Use of Oral Fluconazole (Diflucan) in Pregnancy". FDA. 26 April 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ "Fluconazole: teratogenic, even with as little as just one 150 mg dose". english.prescrire.org (223): 45–46. February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
- ^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 503. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Fluconazole". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ "NADAC as of 2016-12-07 | Data.Medicaid.gov". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Fluconazole - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.