User:Mr. Ibrahem/Gastroparesis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gastroparesis
Other namesDelayed gastric emptying
X-ray showing a large amount of food in the stomach due to severe gastroparesis[1]
Pronunciation
  • (/,ɡæstroʊ,pəˈriːsɪs/)[2]
SpecialtyGastroenterology
SymptomsNausea, vomiting, heartburn, bloating, feeling full.[3]
ComplicationsDehydration, malnutrition, weight loss, poor blood sugar control, bezoars[4]
CausesUnknown, diabetes, certain medications, injury to the vagus nerve, low thyroid, scleroderma, gastroenteritis, radiation therapy[3][5]
Diagnostic methodUpper GI endoscopy, gastric emptying scan, gastric emptying breath test, wireless motility capsule[6]
Differential diagnosisFunctional dyspepsia, rumination syndrome, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, cyclic vomiting syndrome, gastric outlet obstruction[5][7]
TreatmentDietary changes, medications to stimulate stomach emptying, medications to reduce vomiting, feeding tube, surgery[8]
Frequency~2.5 per 10,000[4]

Gastroparesis, also called delayed gastric emptying, is a disorder that results in slow movement of food from the stomach to small intestines.[4] Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, heartburn, bloating, and feeling full.[3] Complications may include dehydration, malnutrition, weight loss, poor blood sugar control, and bezoars.[4]

The cause may be unknown or include diabetes, certain medications, injury to the vagus nerve, low thyroid, scleroderma, gastroenteritis, or radiation therapy.[3][5] Medications that may be involved include opioids, anticholinergics, and some antidepressants.[3] The underlying mechanism involves poor contraction of the stomach muscles.[4] Diagnosis may be supported by upper GI endoscopy, gastric emptying scan, gastric emptying breath test, or wireless motility capsule.[6][5]

Treatment includes dietary changes, medications to stimulate stomach emptying, medications to reduce vomiting, a feeding tube, or surgery.[8] Dietary changes may include small frequent low fat meals.[8] Medications to stimulate stomach emptying may include metoclopramide or domperidone.[8] Surgery may involve a venting gastrostomy or gastric electrical stimulation.[8]

Gastroparesis is diagnosed in about 1 in 10,000 males and 4 in 10,000 females.[4] However, nearly 2% of people have symptoms and it is believed many go undiagnosed.[5] The ability to measure flow through the stomach was developed during the 1900s.[9] The term "gastroparesis" came into use in 1958.[10] It is from Ancient Greek γαστήρ - gaster, meaning "stomach"; and -paresis, πάρεσις - meaning "partial paralysis".[11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Lee, DS; Lee, SJ (2014). "Severe Gastroparesis following Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Suggestion for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Device for Gastroparesis after RFCA". Case reports in gastrointestinal medicine. 2014: 923637. doi:10.1155/2014/923637. PMID 25614842.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  2. ^ "How to pronounce gastroparesis in English". dictionary.cambridge.org. Archived from the original on 2017-08-15. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Symptoms & Causes of Gastroparesis | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Definition & Facts for Gastroparesis | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e Camilleri, Michael; Chedid, Victor; Ford, Alexander C.; Haruma, Ken; Horowitz, Michael; Jones, Karen L.; Low, Phillip A.; Park, Seon-Young; Parkman, Henry P.; Stanghellini, Vincenzo (December 2018). "Gastroparesis". Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 4 (1): 41. doi:10.1038/s41572-018-0038-z. PMID 30385743.
  6. ^ a b "Diagnosis of Gastroparesis | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  7. ^ Reddivari, AKR; Mehta, P (January 2021). "Gastroparesis". PMID 31855372. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ a b c d e "Treatment for Gastroparesis | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  9. ^ Mccallum, Richard; Parkman, Henry; Clarke, John; Kuo, Braden (2020). Gastroparesis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment. Academic Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-12-818587-2. Archived from the original on 2021-05-04. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  10. ^ McKenzie, P; Bielefeldt, K (2018). "Glass half empty? Lessons learned about gastroparesis". F1000Research. 7. doi:10.12688/f1000research.14043.1. PMID 29862014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  11. ^ Chandrasekhara, Vinay; Elmunzer, B. Joseph; Khashab, Mouen; Muthusamy, V. Raman (2018). Clinical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-323-54792-5. Archived from the original on 2021-05-04. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mr._Ibrahem/Gastroparesis&oldid=1168060003"