User:Mr. Ibrahem/Irritable bowel syndrome

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Irritable bowel syndrome
Other namesSpastic colon, nervous colon, mucous colitis, spastic bowel[1]
Drawing of the pain of IBS
SpecialtyGastroenterology
SymptomsDiarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain[1]
Usual onsetBefore 45 years old[1]
DurationLong term[2]
CausesUnknown[2]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms, exclusion of other diseases[3]
Differential diagnosisCeliac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, microscopic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, bile acid malabsorption, colon cancer[3][4]
TreatmentSymptomatic (diet, medication, probiotics, counseling)[5]
MedicationLoperamide, polyethylene glycol, antidepressants, antispasmodics, peppermint[3][6]
PrognosisNormal life expectancy[7]
Frequency10–15% (developed world)[1][8] and 1–45% (globally)[9][10]

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a group of symptoms—including abdominal pain and changes in the pattern of bowel movements without any evidence of underlying damage.[1] These symptoms occur over a long time, often years.[2] It has been classified into four main types depending on whether diarrhea is common, constipation is common, both are common, or neither occurs very often (IBS-D, IBS-C, IBS-M, or IBS-U respectively).[1] IBS negatively affects quality of life and may result in missed school or work.[11] Disorders such as anxiety, major depression, and chronic fatigue syndrome are common among people with IBS.[1][12]

The causes are not clear.[2] Theories include combinations of gut–brain axis problems, gut motility disorders, pain sensitivity, infections including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, neurotransmitters, genetic factors, and food sensitivity.[2] Onset may be triggered by an intestinal infection,[13] or stressful life event.[14] IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder.[1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms in the absence of worrisome features and once other potential conditions have been ruled out.[3] Worrisome features include onset at greater than 50 years of age, weight loss, blood in the stool, or a family history of inflammatory bowel disease.[3] Other conditions that may present similarly include celiac disease, microscopic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, bile acid malabsorption, and colon cancer.[3]

There is no cure; with efforts to improve symptoms.[5] This may include dietary changes, exercise, medication, probiotics, and counseling.[5][6] Dietary measures include increasing soluble fiber, a gluten-free diet, or a short-term diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs).[3][15][16] The medication loperamide may be used to help with diarrhea while laxatives such as polyethylene glycol may help with constipation.[3][6] Antidepressants, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil may improve overall symptoms and reduce pain.[3][6][17] Patient education and a good doctor–patient relationship are an important part of care.[3][18]

About 10–15% of people in the developed world are believed to be affected by IBS.[1][8] It is estimated that 1–45% of people globally are affected by IBS.[9][10] It is more common in South America and less common in Southeast Asia.[3] It is twice as common in women as men and typically occurs before age 45.[1] The condition appears to become less common with age.[3] IBS does not affect life expectancy or lead to other serious diseases.[7] The first description of the condition was in 1820 while the current term irritable bowel syndrome came into use in 1944.[19]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Definition and Facts for Irritable Bowel Syndrome". NIDDKD. February 23, 2015. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Symptoms and Causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome". NIDDK. February 23, 2015. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Chey WD, Kurlander J, Eswaran S (March 2015). "Irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical review". JAMA. 313 (9): 949–58. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.0954. PMID 25734736. S2CID 205062386.
  4. ^ Levy J, Bernstein L, Silber N (December 2014). "Celiac disease: an immune dysregulation syndrome". Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care. 44 (11): 324–7. doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2014.10.002. PMID 25499458.
  5. ^ a b c "Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome". NIDDK. February 23, 2015. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  6. ^ a b c d Vasant, DH; Paine, PA; Black, CJ; Houghton, LA; Everitt, HA; Corsetti, M; Agrawal, A; Aziz, I; Farmer, AD; Eugenicos, MP; Moss-Morris, R; Yiannakou, Y; Ford, AC (July 2021). "British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome". Gut. 70 (7): 1214–1240. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324598. PMID 33903147.
  7. ^ a b Quigley, Eamonn M.M. (2013). "Treatment level 1". Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Diagnosis and Clinical Management (First ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781118444740. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017.
  8. ^ a b Maxion-Bergemann S, Thielecke F, Abel F, Bergemann R (2006). "Costs of irritable bowel syndrome in the UK and US". PharmacoEconomics. 24 (1): 21–37. doi:10.2165/00019053-200624010-00002. PMID 16445300. S2CID 45376327.
  9. ^ a b "New insights into irritable bowel syndrome: from pathophysiology to treatment". Ann Gastroenterol. 32 (6): 554–564. 2019. doi:10.20524/aog.2019.0428. PMC 6826071. PMID 31700231. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  10. ^ a b Lovell, RM; Ford, AC (July 2012). "Global prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis". Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 10 (7): 712-721.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.02.029. PMID 22426087.
  11. ^ Hulisz D (2004). "The burden of illness of irritable bowel syndrome: current challenges and hope for the future". Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy. 10 (4): 299–309. doi:10.18553/jmcp.2004.10.4.299. PMID 15298528. S2CID 9413379.
  12. ^ Whitehead WE, Palsson O, Jones KR (April 2002). "Systematic review of the comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome with other disorders: what are the causes and implications?". Gastroenterology. 122 (4): 1140–56. doi:10.1053/gast.2002.32392. PMID 11910364.
  13. ^ Spiller R, Garsed K (May 2009). "Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome". Gastroenterology. 136 (6): 1979–88. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.074. PMID 19457422.
  14. ^ Chang L (March 2011). "The role of stress on physiologic responses and clinical symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome". Gastroenterology. 140 (3): 761–5. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.01.032. PMC 3039211. PMID 21256129.
  15. ^ Moayyedi P, Quigley EM, Lacy BE, Lembo AJ, Saito YA, Schiller LR, Soffer EE, Spiegel BM, Ford AC (September 2014). "The effect of fiber supplementation on irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 109 (9): 1367–74. doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.195. PMID 25070054. S2CID 8076372.
  16. ^ Rao SS, Yu S, Fedewa A (June 2015). "Systematic review: dietary fibre and FODMAP-restricted diet in the management of constipation and irritable bowel syndrome". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 41 (12): 1256–70. doi:10.1111/apt.13167. PMID 25903636.
  17. ^ Ton, Joey (January 20, 2020). "#251 But I am not Depressed: Antidepressants for Irritable Bowel Syndrome". CFPCLearn. Archived from the original on January 29, 2023. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  18. ^ Mayer EA (April 2008). "Clinical practice. Irritable bowel syndrome". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (16): 1692–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0801447. PMC 3816529. PMID 18420501.
  19. ^ Hatch, Maureen C. (2000). Women and Health. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press. p. 1098. ISBN 9780122881459. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mr._Ibrahem/Irritable_bowel_syndrome&oldid=1190307139"