User:Mr. Ibrahem/Myocarditis
| Myocarditis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Inflammatory cardiomyopathy |
.JPG) | |
| A microscope image of myocarditis at autopsy in a person with acute onset of heart failure | |
| Specialty | Cardiology |
| Symptoms | Shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, irregular heartbeat[1] |
| Complications | Heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest[1] |
| Duration | Hours to months[1] |
| Causes | Usually viral infection, also bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, autoimmune disorders[1][2] |
| Diagnostic method | Electrocardiogram, blood troponin, heart MRI, heart biopsy[1][2] |
| Treatment | Medications, implantable cardiac defibrillator, heart transplant[1][2] |
| Medication | ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin[1][2] |
| Prognosis | Variable[3] |
| Frequency | 2.5 million with cardiomyopathy (2015)[4] |
| Deaths | 354,000 with cardiomyopathy (2015)[5] |
Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is inflammation of the heart muscle.[1] Symptoms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, and an irregular heartbeat.[1] The duration of problems can vary from hours to months.[1] Complications may include heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy or cardiac arrest.[1]
Myocarditis is most often due to a viral infection.[1] Other causes include bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, and autoimmune disorders.[1][2] A diagnosis may be supported by an electrocardiogram (ECG), increased troponin, heart MRI, and occasionally a heart biopsy.[1][2] An ultrasound of the heart is important to rule out other potential causes such as heart valve problems.[2]
Treatment depends on both the severity and the cause.[1][2] Medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and diuretics are often used.[1][2] A period of no exercise is typically recommended during recovery.[1][2] Corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be useful in certain cases.[1][2] In severe cases an implantable cardiac defibrillator or heart transplant may be recommended.[1][2]
In 2013, about 1.5 million cases of acute myocarditis occurred.[6] While people of all ages are affected, the young are most often affected.[7] It is slightly more common in males than females.[1] Most cases are mild.[2] In 2015 cardiomyopathy, including myocarditis, resulted in 354,000 deaths up from 294,000 in 1990.[8][9] The initial descriptions of the condition are from the mid-1800s.[10]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Cooper LT, Jr (9 April 2009). "Myocarditis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (15): 1526–38. doi:10.1056/nejmra0800028. PMC 5814110. PMID 19357408.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Kindermann, I; Barth, C; Mahfoud, F; Ukena, C; Lenski, M; Yilmaz, A; Klingel, K; Kandolf, R; Sechtem, U; Cooper, LT; Böhm, M (28 February 2012). "Update on myocarditis". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 59 (9): 779–92. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.09.074. PMID 22361396.
- ^ Stouffer, George; Runge, Marschall S.; Patterson, Cam (2010). Netter's Cardiology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 181. ISBN 9781437736502. Archived from the original on 2020-08-04. Retrieved 2019-05-21.
- ^ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, Collaborators (22 August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Willis, Monte; Homeister, Jonathon W.; Stone, James R. (2013). Cellular and Molecular Pathobiology of Cardiovascular Disease. Academic Press. p. 135. ISBN 9780124055254. Archived from the original on 2017-11-05.
- ^ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Cunha, Burke A. (2009). Infectious Diseases in Critical Care Medicine. CRC Press. p. 263. ISBN 9781420019605. Archived from the original on 2017-11-05.