User:Mr. Ibrahem/Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
| Nasolacrimal duct obstruction | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Dacryostenosis[1] |
 | |
| Tear system consists of lacrimal gland (a), punctums (b,e), canalicules (c,f), lacrimal sac (g,d). Tear is then drained through nasolacrimal duct (not shown in the image) into nasal cavity | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
| Symptoms | Excess overflow of tears[1] |
| Complications | Dacryocystitis[1] |
| Usual onset | 3 to 12 weeks of life[2] |
| Types | Congenital, acquired[2] |
| Risk factors | Trisomy 21, branchiooculofacial syndrome, CHARGE syndrome[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and examination[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Conjunctivitis, corneal abrasion, dermoid, glaucoma[1] |
| Treatment | Massage, antibiotic ointment, probing, surgery[1] |
| Prognosis | Generally resolves within a year[1] |
| Frequency | Up to 20% of newborns[1] |
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is blockage of the tear duct.[3] Symptoms include excess overflow of tears.[1] Skin redness around the eye or eyelash crusting may occur.[1] Onset is generally in between 3 and 12 weeks of life.[2] Complications may include dacryocystitis and preseptal cellulitis.[1]
People at greater risk include those with trisomy 21, branchiooculofacial syndrome, and CHARGE syndrome.[1] Other risk factors include prior facial fracture, sinus surgery, and sarcoidosis.[2] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and examination.[1] A fluorescein disappearance test may be supportive.[1]
Most cases resolve within the first year of life with massage carried out two to three times per day.[1] Antibiotics ointments may also be used.[1] For cases that last beyond 8 or 10 months probing or surgery may be an option.[1][3] For cases that develop later in life, addressing the underlying cause may be required.[2]
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is present in up to 20% of newborns.[1] Males and females are affected equally.[1] Surgical treatments of the condition were first described in 1893 and 1904.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Perez, Y; Patel, BC; Mendez, MD (January 2022). "Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction". PMID 30422468.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e "Dacryostenosis - Eye Disorders". MSD Manual Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction - American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus". aapos.org. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ Cingi, Cemal; Muluk, Nuray Bayar (5 November 2019). All Around the Nose: Basic Science, Diseases and Surgical Management. Springer Nature. p. 597. ISBN 978-3-030-21217-9. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.