User:Mr. Ibrahem/Thrombophlebitis
| Thrombophlebitis | |
|---|---|
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| Ultrasonographic image showing thrombosis of the great saphenous vein. | |
| Pronunciation |
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| Specialty | Emergency medicine |
| Symptoms | Pain, swelling, redness, warmth, hardening of the vein[2][1] |
| Types | Superficial thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, migratory thrombophlebitis, septic thrombophlebitis[1][3][4] |
| Risk factors | Deceased mobility, recent surgery, pregnancy, birth control pills, cancer, obesity and at site of an intravenous insertion.[2][1] |
| Diagnostic method | Ultrasound[2] |
| Treatment | Blood thinners, pain medication[5] |
Thrombophlebitis is a inflammation of a vein due to a blood clot.[2] Most commonly the leg is effected.[2] Symptoms may include pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and hardening of the vein.[2][6] In infected fever and low blood pressure may also occur.[4] Complications may include pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome.[1]
The most common types are superficial thrombophlebitis and deep vein thrombosis.[1] When it occurs repeatedly in different locations, it is known as migratory thrombophlebitis, and is associated with cancer.[3] When it affects the breasts it is known as Mondor disease.[7] When it is infected it is known as septic thrombophlebitis.[4]
Risk factors include deceased mobility, recent surgery, pregnancy, birth control pills, cancer, obesity, varicose veins, family history, and at site of an intravenous insertion.[2][1] The underlying mechanism may involve poor blood flow, increased blood clotting, and damage to a vein.[1] Diagnosis is generally by ultrasound.[2]
Small clots in superficial vein may resolve on their own.[2] Measures for discomfort, such as NSAIDs and keeping the leg raised, may help.[5] Blood thinners, such as heparin, warfarin, or apixaban, are also frequently used.[5] Occasionally a vena cava filter or alteplase may be used.[5] Those over the age of 60 are more commonly affected.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Thrombophlebitis - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Torpy JM, Burke AE, Glass RM (July 2006). "JAMA patient page. Thrombophlebitis". JAMA. 296 (4): 468. doi:10.1001/jama.296.4.468. PMID 16868304.
- ^ a b Jinna, Sruthi; Khoury, John (2020). "Migratory Thrombophlebitis". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
- ^ a b c Lipe, DN; Foris, LA; King, KC (January 2021). "Septic Thrombophlebitis". PMID 28613482.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d "Thrombophlebitis - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic". www.mayoclinic.org. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "Thrombophlebitis - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ Czysz, A; Higbee, SL (January 2021). "Superficial Thrombophlebitis". PMID 32310477.
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