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Epidemiology of Brachial Plexus Injury[edit]

Adults[edit]

The epidemiology of brachial plexus injury also known as BPI is found in both children and adults, but there is a difference between children and adults with BPI [1]. The occurrence of adult brachial plexus injuries in the 1900s multiple traumatic injuries for North America population is with a prevalence of about 1.2% [2]. BPI is most commonly found with young healthy adults, from ages 14 to 63 years old, along with 50% of patients between the ages of 19 and 34 years old, and with male patients being 89% at risk [3].

Figure 2. BPI Traumatic event

Children[edit]

As for the epidemiology of brachial plexus injury in children OBPP also known, as obstetrical brachial plexus palsy occurred the most for young children ranging from 0.38 to 1.56 per 1000 live births due to the type of care and the average birth weight of infants in different regions of the world [4]. For example a study was done for the incidence of OBPP where USA is about 1.51 cases per 1000 live births, a Canadian study, where the incidence was between 0.5 and 3 injuries per 1000 live Birth, and European countries, such as a Dutch study reported an incidence of 4.6 per 1000 births [5]. Newborns with brachial plexus injury was most commonly found in Diabetic women whose babies weighed more than 4.5 kg at birth along with different types of deliveries. [6] Brachial plexus injury risks for newborns are increased with gained birth weight, birth delivery where a vacuum is assisted, and not being able to handle glucose. [7] Brachial plexus injury is a traumatic event and that has been shown to increase over the years. [8]

Figure 3. Incidence of OBPP

Traumatic Injuries[edit]

BPI has shown to occur 44% through 70% with traumatic injuries, such as motorcycle accidents, sporting activities, or even at the work places [9]. With 22% being motorcycle injuries and about 4.2% having plexus damage. [10] People that have accidents with riding motorcycles and snowmobiles, have higher risks of getting BPI. [11]

Figure 4. Motorcycles and BPI
  1. ^ SMANIA, N. (2012). Rehabilitation of brachial plexus injuries in adults and children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL PHYSICAL REHABILLITATION MEDICINE 48(3), 484. <http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getfreepdf/LKHl0gl7sjDznX1G%252BErp3gHDoW837Ez2NWxrI6jQ9iKWYBozHilflyIK%252FDlzLlS%252FmB5lTjX%252BXSUdV43JbSRZAA%253D%253D/R33Y2012N03A0483.pdf>
  2. ^ SMANIA, N. (2012). Rehabilitation of brachial plexus injuries in adults and children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL PHYSICAL REHABILLITATION MEDICINE 48(3), 484. <http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getfreepdf/LKHl0gl7sjDznX1G%252BErp3gHDoW837Ez2NWxrI6jQ9iKWYBozHilflyIK%252FDlzLlS%252FmB5lTjX%252BXSUdV43JbSRZAA%253D%253D/R33Y2012N03A0483.pdf>
  3. ^ SMANIA, N. (2012). Rehabilitation of brachial plexus injuries in adults and children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL PHYSICAL REHABILLITATION MEDICINE 48(3), 484. <http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getfreepdf/LKHl0gl7sjDznX1G%252BErp3gHDoW837Ez2NWxrI6jQ9iKWYBozHilflyIK%252FDlzLlS%252FmB5lTjX%252BXSUdV43JbSRZAA%253D%253D/R33Y2012N03A0483.pdf>
  4. ^ SMANIA, N. (2012). Rehabilitation of brachial plexus injuries in adults and children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL PHYSICAL REHABILLITATION MEDICINE 48(3), 484. <http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getfreepdf/LKHl0gl7sjDznX1G%252BErp3gHDoW837Ez2NWxrI6jQ9iKWYBozHilflyIK%252FDlzLlS%252FmB5lTjX%252BXSUdV43JbSRZAA%253D%253D/R33Y2012N03A0483.pdf>
  5. ^ SMANIA, N. (2012). Rehabilitation of brachial plexus injuries in adults and children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL PHYSICAL REHABILLITATION MEDICINE 48(3), 484. <http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getfreepdf/LKHl0gl7sjDznX1G%252BErp3gHDoW837Ez2NWxrI6jQ9iKWYBozHilflyIK%252FDlzLlS%252FmB5lTjX%252BXSUdV43JbSRZAA%253D%253D/R33Y2012N03A0483.pdf>
  6. ^ GILBERT, WILLIAM M. MD; NESBITT, THOMAS S. MD, MPH; DANIELSEN, BEATE PhD. (1999). Associated Factors in 1611 Cases of Brachial Plexus Injury. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 93(4), 536-540. <http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/1999/04000/Associated_Factors_in_1611_Cases_of_Brachial.13.aspx>
  7. ^ ECKER, J. (1997). Birth Weight as a Predictor of Brachial Plexus Injury. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 89(5), 643-697
  8. ^ Dubuisson, Annie S (2002) Clinical Studies: Brachial Plexus Injury: A Survey of 100 Consecutive Cases from a Single Service. Neurosurgery, 51(3), 673-683. http://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/Abstract/2002/09000/Brachial_Plexus_Injury__A_Survey_of_100.11.aspx>
  9. ^ SMANIA, N. (2012). Rehabilitation of brachial plexus injuries in adults and children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL PHYSICAL REHABILLITATION MEDICINE 48(3), 484. <http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getfreepdf/LKHl0gl7sjDznX1G%252BErp3gHDoW837Ez2NWxrI6jQ9iKWYBozHilflyIK%252FDlzLlS%252FmB5lTjX%252BXSUdV43JbSRZAA%253D%253D/R33Y2012N03A0483.pdf>
  10. ^ SMANIA, N. (2012). Rehabilitation of brachial plexus injuries in adults and children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL PHYSICAL REHABILLITATION MEDICINE 48(3), 484. <http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getfreepdf/LKHl0gl7sjDznX1G%252BErp3gHDoW837Ez2NWxrI6jQ9iKWYBozHilflyIK%252FDlzLlS%252FmB5lTjX%252BXSUdV43JbSRZAA%253D%253D/R33Y2012N03A0483.pdf>
  11. ^ Midha, R. (1997). Epidemiology of brachial plexus injuries in a multitrauma population. NEUROSURGERY, 40(6), 1182-1188 <http://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/Abstract/1997/06000/Epidemiology_of_Brachial_Plexus_Injuries_in_a.14.aspx>
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