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The Rockfort

Tiruchirappalli is the fourth largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli District. Located on the banks of the river Kaveri, the city is placed almost at the geographic centre of the state. Tiruchirappalli's recorded history dates back to the 3rd century BC, when it was a part of the Early Chola kingdom. The city has also been ruled by the Pandyas, Pallavas, Vijayanagar Empire, Nayak Dynasty, the Carnatic state and the British. The city played a crucial role in the Carnatic Wars (1746–1763) between the British and the French East India companies. The most prominent historical monuments in Tiruchirappalli include the Rockfort (pictured), the Ranganathaswamy temple and the Jambukeswarar temple. Tiruchirappalli is an important educational centre in the state, housing nationally recognised institutions such as the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and the National Institute of Technology (NIT). The emergence of a large number of energy equipment manufacturing units in the city has led to the title "Energy equipment and fabrication capital of India". During the British rule, the city was popular for its unique brand of cheroot named Trichinopoly cigar. Due to its geographic location, the city has become a major road and railway hub in the state.